Paisagem, um patrim��nio esquecido: subs��dios para a constru����o de uma metodologia de valora����o e prote����o do cen��rio natural litor��neo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnaci��n Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of N��sia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Entre o cart��o-postal e a cidade real: um estudo sobre paisagem e produ����o imobili��ria em Natal/RN

Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations

Sobre (viv��ncia) e mortalidade de pequenos neg��cios: o caso de mercados varejistas potiguares

This paper‟s starting point was the objective of understanding the relation between the reasons pointed out by small businesses owners for the continuity or shutdown of their businesses, and the reasons presented by the Environmental Theories. The paper discusses the Environmental Theories understand that it is supported by a systemic metaphor speech, discussing the theme in terms of organizational survival and mortality . The text reviews the literature showing the changes in the administrative thinking regarding the organization versus environment relation, and presenting general ideas about the micro and small businesses. In methodological terms, the qualitative approach was used in the research. Regarding the data collection technique, an in-depth thematic interview was used. It was carried out considering the elements of the techniques of life history and oral history, always giving priority to real world related narratives told by the interviewed subjects. The empirical corpus of the research was made up of seven owners of small retail businesses in two Potiguar cities: Natal and Mossor��. The interpretative and analytical process focused, at first, on the reflexive dialogue with each one of the owners‟ professional life history and business management experience, constituting the first level of analysis: reflections on individual narratives; and, afterwards, the interpretative process was developed through the analysis of all the subjects‟ statements, identifying the recurring themes and constituting the second level of analysis: reflection on the totalizing narrative. The themes identified in the totalizing narrative, that refer to the continuity of the businesses are: evolution, control, fidelity, liking what one does for a living. The themes that came up as reasons for shutdown are: lack of empathy with the business, lack of evolution, competition problems, suppliers and the government. The text synthesizes its comprehensions affirming that the reasons associated with continuity and shutdown of small markets, for this group of owners specifically, come up as a permanent tension between the volunteerism (quite human) and the determinism (systemic). The tension is shown in testimonies that at the same time evoke the organicist systemic logic through the themes evolution/no evolution, and also counterpoints with themes related to the interested human action, based on desires, feelings and personal convictions such as: liking what one does/ lack of empathy. As for the reflexive dialogue between the postulates of the Environmental Theories and the narratives, the results make it possible to affirm that, differently from the tension expressed by the subjects while talking about their reasons, the reasons associated with survival and mortality of businesses according to the Environmental Theories are theoretically polarized, seeming to preach options that are stagnated and shaping towards the subjects involved in the organization-environment relation

A viabilidade econ��mica da gest��o sustent��vel do montado de sobreiro. Caso de estudo - Aldeia das Amoreiras

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Economia do Turismo e Desenvolvimento Regional, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Decrecimiento y renovadas estrategias para un territorio agotado. El caso de la provincia de Alicante

Las consecuencias del ��ltimo boom inmobiliario han abierto el debate alrededor del crecimiento urbano en Espa��a, especialmente en ��reas con una fuerte presi��n tur��stica y residencial. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las implicaciones de la crisis financiera mundial sobre la planificaci��n urban��stica municipal, centrando el estudio en la provincia de Alicante, uno de los ��mbitos que mejor ilustran el ��xito y la ca��da del modelo inmobiliario hispano. La unidad b��sica de an��lisis la componen las figuras de planeamiento municipal y estrategias territoriales vigentes, y su traducci��n en suelos urbanos inconclusos. Considerando que se trata de actuaciones durmientes a la espera de un contexto econ��mico favorable, la situaci��n hace pensar que la burbuja inmobiliaria no estar��a estallada sino tan s��lo desinflada. El objetivo es reflexionar, con car��cter propositivo, sobre las estrategias de gesti��n del territorio que emergen durante los ��ltimos a��os a ra��z de la crisis financiera e inmobiliaria, tratando de relanzar algunas cuestiones que deber��an preocupar en la planificaci��n urban��stica y territorial de la provincia de Alicante, y por extensi��n, de otros espacios afectados por el crash inmobiliario.

Golf course irrigation and self-sufficiency water in Southern Spain

During the first decade of the 21st century, many golf courses were developed in the Southeast of Spain, which greatly increased the number of these facilities. Almost all of these golf courses have been accompanied by large residential developments composed of thousands of dwelling units. This article seeks to identify the factors that influence golf courses��� water consumption and estimate the number of dwelling units that an associated residential development needs to have to provide the effluent necessary to fully meet the irrigation needs of a golf course. The study indicates that private golf courses achieve greater levels of irrigation efficiency than public golf courses and that the golf courses associated with residential developments subject the irrigation needs of the grassland to the sale requirements of the real estate properties. The study also estimates that a golf course requires approximately 3000 dwelling units with an average annual occupancy of 33% to achieve self-sufficiency for irrigation.

Paisagem, um patrim��nio esquecido: subs��dios para a constru����o de uma metodologia de valora����o e prote����o do cen��rio natural litor��neo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnaci��n Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of N��sia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Entre o cart��o-postal e a cidade real: um estudo sobre paisagem e produ����o imobili��ria em Natal/RN

Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations

El patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible articulado a la ordenaci��n territorial aplicado al caso del cant��n Paltas provincia de Loja

En el Ecuador la base legal como la Constituci��n del 2008 y el C��digo Org��nico de Organizaci��n Territorial, Autonom��a y descentralizaci��n (COOTAD), establecen la organizaci��n pol��tico administrativa del territorio en diferentes niveles de gobierno, sean estos regiones, provincias, cantones, parroquias rurales y tambi��n de r��gimen especial, para ello estos niveles adquieren funciones de integridad para realizar legislaci��n, ejecuci��n, fiscalizaci��n y de participaci��n ciudadana, en donde se alcanzar�� y se promover�� el desarrollo sustentable en el marco del plan nacional del buen vivir. Para lograr este legado, los diferentes Gobiernos Aut��nomos Descentralizados deben elaborar y ejecutar el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) y el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT), de acuerdo a sus competencias de circunscripci��n territorial. Por competencia exclusiva les corresponde a los gobiernos municipales " formular, aprobar y evaluar los planes, programas y proyectos destinados a la preservaci��n, mantenimiento y difusi��n del patrimonio arquitect��nico, cultural y natural de su circunscripci��n..... Para el efecto, el patrimonio en referencia ser�� considerado en todas sus expresiones tangibles e intangible...��� (COOTAD Art. 144). Lamentablemente la mayor��a de estos gobiernos municipales poco o nada han incorporado el patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible en sus fases de an��lisis de, diagn��stico, propuesta y modelo gesti��n. Como base fundamental tomaremos la gu��a metodol��gica para la elaboraci��n de planes de desarrollo y ordenamiento que presenta la SENPLADES en el a��o 2014y la propuesta que realiza el Dr. Domingo G��mez Orea en su libro Ordenaci��n Territorial 2da edici��n, de ah�� se propone una alternativa metodol��gica de articulaci��n del patrimonio cultural y ordenamiento territorial. Y para lograr este objetivo, utilizaremos la informaci��n disponible que cuenta el Instituto nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC) en su sistema informatizado que se encuentra en la p��gina Web www.inpc.gob.ec, denominado Sistema de Informaci��n Patrimonial Cultural del Ecuador (SIPCE), esta base de informaci��n que contiene fichas de inventario en sus diferentes ��mbitos culturales como inmuebles, muebles, documentos. Arqueol��gicos y manifestaciones inmateriales, previamente analizadas y georreferenciadas nos permitir��n territorializar en el espacio cantonal y con ello poder realizar un an��lisis integrado con los otros componentes como es el medio f��sico, poblacional, econ��mico, n��cleos de poblaci��n etc. Esta nueva metodolog��a permitir�� visualizar, conocer, aprender y empod��ranos del patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial, con aquellas manifestaciones culturales y tradicionales que existen y se encuentran en vigencia. Tambi��n poder recuperar y rescatar aquellas que est��n en peligro de desaparecer, este potencial cultural ser�� una gran posibilidad de generar emprendimientos y desarrollo sustentable. La manera m��s id��nea de concretar y fomentar este desarrollo sustentable en territorio ser�� a trav��s de la formulaci��n de programas, planes y proyectos que deber��n plantearse en los planes de ordenamiento territorial y los planes de desarrollo territorial. Finalmente para comprobar esta nueva propuesta metodol��gica de articulaci��n entre el patrimonio cultural y el ordenamiento territorial, la aplicaremos al cant��n Paltas de la provincia de Loja.

De plano piloto a metr��pole : entraves e desafios da pol��tica habitacional de Bras��lia

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Faculdade de Economia, Administra����o e Contabilidade, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Administra����o, Mestrado Profissional em Administra����o P��blica, 2015.

El papel de las redes sociales en la estrategia de Marketing

El siguiente TFG es un an��lisis del uso de las redes sociales en la estrategia de comunicaci��n de las empresas. El inter��s surge en la medida en que las redes sociales constituyen en la actualidad un instrumento de conexi��n con los diferentes p��blicos que est�� creciendo de manera significativa. Las empresas tienen a su alcance, por tanto, una v��a excelente para desarrollar marcas, interacciones y conversaci��n, pero es necesario entender las reglas del juego de este nuevo contexto. Por ello, primero hemos estudiado c��mo ha evolucionado el marketing en los entornos digitalizados, desde el marketing 1.0 hasta el marketing 3.0, as�� como las herramientas que utilizamos y c��mo se mide y se posiciona en el marketing digital. En este contexto, nos hemos centrado en las redes sociales, analizando su historia, c��mo han evolucionado a lo largo de los a��os, qu�� tipos de redes sociales hay, cu��les son las m��s utilizadas, los nuevos perfiles profesionales que han surgido a trav��s de las redes sociales, y qu�� riesgos implican las redes sociales en la gesti��n empresarial. Finalmente, y con el fin de valorar en un caso pr��ctico real lo estudiado desde la perspectiva te��rica, hemos realizado un an��lisis comparado del uso de redes sociales en la empresa en la que he estado realizando pr��cticas los pasados cinco meses en relaci��n con su competencia, esto es, empresas del sector de la impresi��n digital textil por sublimaci��n.

El fracaso en los emprendedores colombianos: una aproximaci��n desde la log��stica

El objetivo de esta investigaci��n se centra en el an��lisis de los factores que inciden con mayor frecuencia en el fracaso de los emprendimientos en Colombia, y considerar su proximidad con el concepto de log��stica como actividad elemental para el desarrollo de los emprendimientos en el pa��s. La finalidad de esta investigaci��n es mostrar que los patrones que conducen al fracaso, los cuales est��n catalogados dentro de las categor��as financiera, organizacional, operativa, de entorno, de mercadeo o de recursos humanos, tienen un nivel de incidencia dentro del fracaso, por lo cual, se puede ejecutar un an��lisis que permita demostrar el orden de las seis categor��as mencionadas seg��n su impacto dentro del fracaso y a su vez, brindar estrategias que permitan reducir las posibilidades de fracasar en los emprendimientos.

Din��micas de licenciamiento en la ciudad colombiana. Estudio de caso: tendencias de licenciamiento urbano en Bogot��, durante la vigencia del plan de ordenamiento territorial 2000-2013

El inter��s de comprender la manera en la que los instrumentos de planificaci��n afectan la din��mica del mercado inmobiliario, dio origen a la presente investigaci��n que estudia el desarrollo urbano de Bogot�� a partir de la implementaci��n del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial, Decreto 190 de 2004. A trav��s del estudio de las tendencias espaciales de licenciamiento, se evalu�� si se logr�� consolidar el modelo de ocupaci��n propuesto en el POT; encontr��ndose que las decisiones de localizaci��n de los agentes privados no respondieron a la estructura urbana deseada, al no haberse concretado en el territorio por ejemplo la red de centralidades y el programa de renovaci��n urbana.

Alternativas de integraci��n de ecosistemas estrat��gicos a la planificaci��n urbana. Estudio de caso: el crecimiento urbano sobre la funci��n eco-sist��mica del corredor natural Usaqu��n ��� Suba. Periodo 2003��� 2016

Los modelos de gesti��n urbana a nivel global, incorporan en la planeaci��n y en el desarrollo de los entornos urbanos, al suelo natural de soporte como estructura fundamental; debido principalmente a sus funciones ecosist��micas y a los bienes ambientales que provee, incluyendo la biodiversidad y la conservaci��n de entornos con calidad paisaj��stica, entre otros. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo principal de esta investigaci��n, consiste en hacer un seguimiento y caracterizaci��n del ecosistema estrat��gico del corredor biol��gico borde norte en la ciudad de Bogot��, con el fin de identificar y dar visibilidad a los aspectos cr��ticos, que son necesarios a tener en cuenta en la pol��tica e instrumentos de planeaci��n, para el tratamiento de ��sta ��rea. En el desarrollo de esta investigaci��n, se aplicaron las nociones metodol��gicas de la ecolog��a urbana, dando inicio con una fase de diagn��stico y caracterizaci��n de la situaci��n actual, seguido de la formulaci��n de alternativas, entre las que se destacan, la restauraci��n ecol��gica. En el diagn��stico se pudo identificar que, si bien existe disponibilidad de agua y de cobertura vegetal en las condiciones de suelo, tambi��n est�� presente una gran presi��n inmobiliaria en el sector, lo cual, ha promovido la alteraci��n de los predios, haciendo urgente un tratamiento integral de restauraci��n ecol��gica de ��ste corredor, que permita la recuperaci��n de la funci��n ecosist��mica, aportando beneficios a la ciudad.

Reestructuraci��n de la gerencia en Colombia: la educaci��n superior necesita un nuevo perfil profesional del administrador para aminorar las externalidades del contexto actual (Aportes del mercadeo relacional, la teor��a de creaci��n de valor compartido y la inteligencia emocional)

El objetivo general de esta revisi��n es explicar que la educaci��n superior en Colombia necesita integrar al campo administrativo el reconocimiento y manejo de las emociones, para que la gerencia contribuya al verdadero desarrollo social sostenible. Como el campo de inter��s est�� centrado en la gerencia, se hizo uso de los aportes del marketing relacional, la teor��a de creaci��n de valor compartido y la inteligencia emocional, as�� como otras aproximaciones te��ricas y bibliogr��ficas que sirvieron de soporte durante el desarrollo del seminario de gerencia. Consecuentemente, los aportes de los autores soportan las razones por las cuales se requiere de una reestructuraci��n de la gerencia para mitigar las externalidades del medio y promover el desarrollo social y econ��mico. Finalmente, se pretendi�� proporcionar la informaci��n adecuada al lector acerca del tema, de forma tal que facilite la comprensi��n y promueva la discusi��n acerca de los diferentes aportes de los autores.