Conception, fabrication et caractérisation d'un biocapteur SPR à base de guides d'ondes photoniques sur substrat de verre

Résumé : Malgré le nombre croissant de capteurs dans les domaines de la chimie et la biologie, il reste encore à étudier en profondeur la complexité des interactions entre les différentes molécules présentes lors d’une détection à l’interface solide-liquide. Dans ce cadre, il est de tout intérêt de croiser différentes méthodes de détection afin d’obtenir des informations complémentaires. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de dimensionner, fabriquer et caractériser un détecteur optique intégré sur verre basé sur la résonance plasmonique de surface, destiné à terme à être combiné avec d’autres techniques de détection, dont un microcalorimètre. La résonance plasmonique de surface est une technique reconnue pour sa sensibilité adaptée à la détection de surface, qui a l’avantage d’être sans marquage et permet de fournir un suivi en temps réel de la cinétique d’une réaction. L’avantage principal de ce capteur est qu’il a été dimensionné pour une large gamme d’indice de réfraction de l’analyte, allant de 1,33 à 1,48. Ces valeurs correspondent à la plupart des entités biologiques associées à leurs couches d’accroche dont les matrices de polymères, présentés dans ce travail. Étant donné que beaucoup d’études biologiques nécessitent la comparaison de la mesure à une référence ou à une autre mesure, le second objectif du projet est d’étudier le potentiel du système SPR intégré sur verre pour la détection multi-analyte. Les trois premiers chapitres se concentrent sur l’objectif principal du projet. Le dimensionnement du dispositif est ainsi présenté, basé sur deux modélisations différentes, associées à plusieurs outils de calcul analytique et numérique. La première modélisation, basée sur l’approximation des interactions faibles, permet d’obtenir la plupart des informations nécessaires au dimensionnement du dispositif. La seconde modélisation, sans approximation, permet de valider le premier modèle approché et de compléter et affiner le dimensionnement. Le procédé de fabrication de la puce optique sur verre est ensuite décrit, ainsi que les instruments et protocoles de caractérisation. Un dispositif est obtenu présentant des sensibilités volumiques entre 1000 nm/RIU et 6000 nm/RIU suivant l’indice de réfraction de l’analyte. L’intégration 3D du guide grâce à son enterrage sélectif dans le verre confère au dispositif une grande compacité, le rendant adapté à la cointégration avec un microcalorimètre en particulier. Le dernier chapitre de la thèse présente l’étude de plusieurs techniques de multiplexage spectral adaptées à un système SPR intégré, exploitant en particulier la technologie sur verre. L’objectif est de fournir au moins deux détections simultanées. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs solutions sont proposées et les dispositifs associés sont dimensionnés, fabriqués et testés.

The Design and Implementation of a SD Card File System

SD card (Secure Digital Memory Card) is widely used in portable storage medium. Currently, latest researches on SD card, are mainly SD card controller based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Most of them are relying on API interface (Application Programming Interface), AHB bus (Advanced High performance Bus), etc. They are dedicated to the realization of ultra high speed communication between SD card and upper systems. Studies about SD card controller, really play a vital role in the field of high speed cameras and other sub-areas of expertise. This design of FPGA-based file systems and SD2.0 IP (Intellectual Property core) does not only exhibit a nice transmission rate, but also achieve the systematic management of files, while retaining a strong portability and practicality. The file system design and implementation on a SD card covers the main three IP innovation points. First, the combination and integration of file system and SD card controller, makes the overall system highly integrated and practical. The popular SD2.0 protocol is implemented for communication channels. Pure digital logic design based on VHDL (Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language), integrates the SD card controller in hardware layer and the FAT32 file system for the entire system. Secondly, the document management system mechanism makes document processing more convenient and easy. Especially for small files in batch processing, it can ease the pressure of upper system to frequently access and process them, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of systems. Finally, digital design ensures the superior performance. For transmission security, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) algorithm is for data transmission protection. Design of each module is platform-independent of macro cells, and keeps a better portability. Custom integrated instructions and interfaces may facilitate easily to use. Finally, the actual test went through multi-platform method, Xilinx and Altera FPGA developing platforms. The timing simulation and debugging of each module was covered. Finally, Test results show that the designed FPGA-based file system IP on SD card can support SD card, TF card and Micro SD with 2.0 protocols, and the successful implementation of systematic management for stored files, and supports SD bus mode. Data read and write rates in Kingston class10 card is approximately 24.27MB/s and 16.94MB/s.

Dimensionamento de um pavilhão metálico para armazenamento de paletes de madeira

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Estruturas

Multiculturalidade e ensino do português : perspetivas de linguagem e discurso no âmbito da integração curricular

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.

Criação e exploração de RED por alunos com NEE

A utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na educação é incontornável na sociedade da comunicação e do conhecimento. E, é neste pressuposto que propomos abordar a sua utilização no domínio da Educação Especial. Tendo em conta a necessidade de proceder a uma prática educativa centrada no aluno e nas suas especificidades, pareceu-nos pertinente abordar a questão da construção e exploração de Recursos Educativos Digitais (RED) com alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE). Com este estudo procurámos compreender como a construção de RED contribui para o envolvimento na aprendizagem destes alunos. A partir desta finalidade, estabelecemos três objetivos gerais. (1) Desenvolver RED adaptados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos, (2) envolver outros intervenientes educativos como os pais e outros professores de educação especial do agrupamento de escolas e (3) compreender como os RED contribuem para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e a autonomia dos alunos. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, desenhámos um projeto de investigação que se baseia num estudo de casos múltiplos e realizado numa escola no distrito de Vila Real. Com estes alunos, foram construídos diversos RED, que procuraram ter em conta as suas características e as aprendizagens previstas nos seus Currículos Específicos Individuais. Nesta construção, foi utilizado o JClic, e neste processo os casos participaram de uma forma ativa. A resolução das atividades foi feita em situação de observação sistemática, com recurso a grelhas, em que se tiveram em conta aspetos como a autonomia, a motivação, a realização, a empatia, o tempo despendido e o número de tentativas. Os dados da observação menos sistemática deram origem a notas de campo que foram registadas no diário do investigador. Para triangular os dados provenientes das técnicas referidas, foi realizada ainda uma entrevista à docente de Educação Especial dos alunos estudados. As principais conclusões da nossa investigação revelam que o envolvimento dos casos na construção dos recursos foi extraordinariamente importante em termos motivacionais e na empatia. A observação sistemática permitiu-nos também demonstrar que a autonomia, a realização, o tempo despendido e o número de tentativas foram indicadores que revelaram melhorias ao longo das sessões de trabalho. Constatamos ainda, através da entrevista, que alguns dos ganhos decorrentes das tarefas propostas foram transferidos para outras situações, quer na escola quer em casa.

A critical approach to reading comprehension in english: teaching intervention with group of teenagers at a non-formal education institution [recurso electr?nico]

The following paper is an action research made with a group of 6 teenagers aged 11-13 from the city of Cali. The project was carried out at a non-formal education institution and basically describes the process of a teaching intervention in which the concepts of Critical Pedagogy and Task-Based Learning were the protagonists. The results show first, that students really need to feel motivated in order to accept a critical approach; second, that the role of the teacher in the achievement of the objectives is extremely relevant; it is necessary for them to have a critical perspective before working on this field besides the constant seeking of information in order to innovate in their classes; third, that the TBL (Task Based Learning) and the critical pedagogy are processes that need some time in order to bear fruits; and fourth, that a needs analysis is essential for the quality of the intervention.

Design as a critical research

Historically the imaginary and the hegemonic thinking, in the Western globe north, has been marked by the epistemology and capitalists archetypes. Notwithstanding the design seem as a practice and discipline shielded on a simplistic discourse of functional / communicative efficiency, wandering through by multiple aestheticism apparently neutral in relation to the symbolic, but in fact they never are, because what really hapens is that the aesthetic appearance of the generated forms will always be a review of the powers ruling. We start from the understanding that the act of creating an aesthetic artifact, will also be a movement of inscription in a discursive platform (that precedes it), is in itself an narrative act and that fact represent a certain take place in relation to certain symbolic reality. On reflection shown if it sees design as a discipline and / or an instrument of action, whose operational relevance tends to question and simultaneously rehearsing a response, in which more than why interests answer to why. Apparently the design is a content mediator, but also, it is structure, is body, is idea. We think a design praxis as discipline and enrollment tool of critical thought and social transformation. For guiding research in this text, we propose the following question: Can the Design want for themselves an engagement with the symbolic in order to be an active part in the production of critical thinking in the place where it belongs? Methodologically our argument will be present in two differents moments: 1. a first, exploratory nature where we rescue the draw issues in the practice of design and 2. a second analytical nature concerning the subject issues (graphic and / or utility ) design and how it incorporates formal rites, political events and social practices of contemporary everyday life. We consider the praxis of design as a discipline and critical thinking enrollment tool as agents of social transformation. With this study we seek for contribute phenomenology design by studying the artifacts of configuration as well as the possible messages they convey and what impact they may have on the social network.

Motivação para a aprendizagem de ferramentas de utilização do arco

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

Self-regulated learning in computer programming : strategies students adopted during an assignment

The SimProgramming teaching approach has the goal to help students overcome their learning difficulties in the transition from entry-level to advanced computer programming and prepare them for real-world labour environments, adopting learning strategies. It immerses learners in a businesslike learning environment, where students develop a problem-based learning activity with a specific set of tasks, one of which is filling weekly individual forms. We conducted thematic analysis of 401 weekly forms, to identify the students’ strategies for self-regulation of learning during assignment. The students are adopting different strategies in each phase of the approach. The early phases are devoted to organization and planning, later phases focus on applying theoretical knowledge and hands-on programming. Based on the results, we recommend the development of educational practices to help students conduct self-reflection of their performance during tasks.

Iraupen luzeko irakasleriaren garapenaren inpaktu-mailak: kontzepzioetan, hezkuntza hurbilketan eta kultura instituzionalean

[EUS]Unibertsitateko irakasleriaren garapenaren(IG) kontzeptu konprentsibotik abiatuta, doktorego tesi honek iraupen luzeko IG programen inpaktua du aztergai, bai maila indibidualean (kontzepzio eta hurbilketan) eta baita maila organizazional zein instituzionalean ere. Azterketa hau burutzeko metodologia aktiboen (arazoetan, proiektuetan eta kasuetan oinarritutako ikaskuntza) ERAGIN programaren lehendabiziko promozioa hartuko da kasu gisa. Iraupen luzeko estrategiaren (350 ordu) bidez eta ko-mentoria taldeen funtzionamenduan oinarrituz, ikerlan enpirikoak IG-ak irakasleriaren ikas-irakaskuntza kontzepzioetan eta hurbilketan izandako inpaktuaz ageriko ebidentziak ematen ditu, baina baita ikas-irakaskuntzaren inguruan ikertzeko (scholarship of teaching and learning) eta irakaskuntza eremuetan liderra izateko gaitasunaz ere. Honako alderdiok aldaketa organizazionalean murgiltzen gaituzte eta curriculum hibridoaren pausokako gauzapenaren alde lan egiten dute.

Analysis of english teachers' perceptions related to strategies studied in a in-service course in Cuenca

El presente estudio describe las percepciones de los profesores fiscales de inglés en relación a las estrategias aprendidas durante una capacitación realizada en el año 2012 por un grupo de investigadores de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Cuenca. En el año 2014, este grupo de investigadores inició un proyecto para analizar el impacto de dicha capacitación. Este es el marco contextual en el cual se desarrolla el análisis de la percepción docente. La propuesta está basada en el método exploratorio. El instrumento de investigación fue la entrevista personal a diez profesores que participaron de la capacitación en el año 2012. Los resultados fueron analizados con la ayuda del Software Atlas ti. Se identificaron catorce códigos diferentes que fueron agrupados en cuatro grupos de familias: estrategias comunicativas, aprendizaje significativo, percepciones de las necesidades e inconsistencias. Todas estas familias de códigos convergieron alrededor del Aprendizaje Basado en Tareas (ABT), el cual permitía generar un outcome, cuyo significado específico es la generación de un producto a partir del uso del idioma inglés por parte de los estudiantes. Un hallazgo importante fue que casi todos los profesores recordaron varias estrategias aprendidas en la capacitación, mismas que sumaron un total de nueve, además la mitad de docentes estaba usando el outcome en sus clases, ello da cuenta de la percepción positiva que tienen los docentes sobre el curso, a pesar de haber transcurrido dos años de su clausura.

Learning curves: analysing pace and challenge in four successful puzzle games

The pace at which challenges are introduced in a game has long been identified as a key determinant of both the enjoyment and difficulty experienced by game players, and their ability to learn from game play. In order to understand how to best pace challenges in games, there is great value in analysing games already demonstrated as highly engaging. Play-through videos of four puzzle games (Portal, Portal 2 Co-operative mode, Braid and Lemmings), were observed and analysed using metrics derived from a behavioural psychology understanding of how people solve problems. Findings suggest that; 1) the main skills learned in each game are introduced separately, 2) through simple puzzles that require only basic performance of that skill, 3) the player has the opportunity to practice and integrate that skill with previously learned skills, and 4) puzzles increase in complexity until the next new skill is introduced. These data provide practical guidance for designers, support contemporary thinking on the design of learning structures in games, and suggest future directions for empirical research.

El videojuego League of legends y su efecto en memoria de trabajo visual y solución de problemas

El propósito de este estudio es medir los efectos que tiene el videojuego League of Legends en los procesos cognitivos de memoria de trabajo visual (MVT) y solución de problemas (SP). Para medir dichos efectos se implementó un diseño pre test-post con un grupo experimental y uno control, compuestos cada uno por siete participantes, en donde se evaluaron los procesos previamente mencionados utilizando los cubos de Corsi para MVT y las matrices del WAIS III para SP. Después de realizar los respectivos entrenamientos se encontraron resultados significativos en los diferentes momentos de aplicación. En el grupo experimental se encontraron diferencias en la variable dependiente SP, mientras que en el grupo control en MVT, pero no en la interacción entre grupos ni diferencias entre grupos, lo que sugiere un efecto de familiarización a la prueba.

El liderazgo en Colombia : un análisis de la investigación empírica en contextos organizacionales

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las diferentes tendencias de la investigación sobre el Liderazgo en las organizaciones colombianas, mediante un estudio bibliométrico donde se analizaron 21 artículos publicados en revistas de Publindex, dentro de las categorías a1, a2, b y c. Para el análisis de los artículos se realizó una matriz en Excel que permitió registrar variables como estilos de liderazgo, resultados, años de publicación, revistas y autores. De acuerdo con los resultados se evidenció que el tema ha sido estudiado de forma significativa pero aún son pocas las conclusiones que permiten esclarecer el liderazgo como concepto en Colombia. Sin embargo, hay hallazgos importantes como los estilos de liderazgo predominantes: transformacional y transaccional; se encuentran variables psicológicas asociadas al estudio de liderazgo más comunes como inteligencia emocional, clima organizacional, cultura organizacional y los instrumentos más utilizados: entrevistas y cuestionarios. Se concluye que Colombia es un país que si investiga sobre esta temática, sin embargo, no hay acuerdos y hallazgos unificados. Se espera que en el futuro se continúe promoviendo una co-contrucción del concepto.