ASPECTOS PATOL��GICOS da INTOXICA����O DE SU��NOS POR SEMENTES DE Crotalaria spectabilis (Fabaceae)

Foram utilizados 24 su��nos desmamados, distribu��dos em quatro tratamentos, com seis animais em cada. Os su��nos dos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 receberam, durante 90 dias, ra����o com respectivamente: 0,0, 0,2, 0,4 e 0,6% de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. Os animais que morreram durante o per��odo experimental foram necropsiados logo ap��s a morte. Os sobreviventes foram sacrificados no ��ltimo dia do experimento. Durante as necropsias, foram colhidos fragmentos do f��gado, rim, pulm��o e est��mago, para realiza����o de exame histopatol��gico. Os principais sintomas da intoxica����o foram edemas subcut��neos, principalmente nos membros, na face e regi��o do pesco��o, mucosas oral e ocular p��lidas, cerdas eri��adas, caquexia e apatia. O hidroperic��rdio foi a les��o macrosc��pica mais comum, acometendo v��rios animais que receberam a ra����o contaminada. As principais les��es microsc��picas foram fibrose, prolifera����o de ductos biliares e megalocitose no f��gado, broncopneumonia e bronquite cr��nicas, megalocitose de c��lulas epiteliais tubulares renais, nefrose e nefrite cr��nica, bem como gastrite e ulcera����o g��strica. Os resultados destes experimentos indicam que ra����o contaminada com sementes de C. spectabilis, nas propor����es utilizadas, foi t��xica para su��nos.

Aspectos cl��nicos e patol��gicos em frangos de corte (Gallus gallus domesticus) infectados experimentalmente com oocistos esporulados de Eimeria acervulina Tyzzer, 1929

No presente estudo, sinais cl��nicos e altera����es patol��gicas foram avaliados por 30 dias em frangos de corte, linhagem Cobb, machos, com dez dias de idade, infectados com Eimeria acervulina. Foram utilizados 192 animais distribu��dos em 3 grupos: grupo A inoculado com 1x10(6) oocistos esporulados; grupo B inoculado com 1x10(5) oocistos esporulados; grupo C inoculado com ��gua destilada. Os sinais cl��nicos observados foram anorexia, diarr��ia e apatia. As altera����es patol��gicas macrosc��picas observadas foram: enterite, hiperemia seguido de congest��o intestinal, excesso de exsudato mucoso no l��men do intestino delgado, palidez e desidrata����o muscular, alto ac��mulo de bile na ves��cula biliar e deposi����o de gordura hep��tica. A atrofia de vilosidades e alta presen��a de c��lulas inflamat��rias foram as altera����es microsc��picas observadas no epit��lio intestinal. Na an��lise histopatol��gica do f��gado observaram-se infiltrados inflamat��rios e deposi����o de gordura. Os resultados demonstraram que frangos de corte infectados experimentalmente com E. acervulina apresentam progressivas les��es intestinais de intensidade vari��vel e que essas anormalidades s��o as principais causas de redu����o no desenvolvimento da ave.

Efeitos genéticos e n��o-genéticos sobre o intervalo de parto em f��meas su��nas no Sudeste do Brasil

The effect of environmental and genetic effects on the farrowing interval in Dalland (C-40) sows in the Southeast of Brazil was studied. Data consisting of 1,013 farrowing intervals recorded in two herds were analyzed, using a model that included the sire and the dam as random effects and the year of farrowing, the herd and the farrowing season as fixed effects, plus the covariables sow's age at farrowing, litter size at birth, lactation length and weaning-estrus interval. For the farrowing interval first only, variance components were estimated by REML, with an animal model that included, as fixed effect, a contemporary group and, as random effects, the additive genetic variance and the error. The mean farrowing interval was 140.9+5.7 days, with a 4.0% coefficient of variation. Variance analysis showed no effect of either year, season of farrowing or herd on the farrowing interval. The sire effect was not important for the farrowing interval, but the dam represented an important source of variation. The total number of piglets born and the sow's age at farrowing had no influence on the farrowing interval. The length of lactation exerted an influence on the farrowing interval, accounting for 19.4% of the total variation of this trait. Likewise, the linear regression of the weaning-estrus interval in relation to the farrowing interval was highly significant, accounting for 51.7% of the total variation. The heritability estimate was 0.00, suggesting that no genetic gain can be obtained by selection for a shorter farrowing interval.

Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre a idade �� primeira concep����o de f��meas su��nas

The genetic and environmental factors that affect age at first conception (AFC) of gilts were evaluated, using 466 observations of Dalland animals (C-40). The software program MTDFREML was used to assess the genetic parameters on an animal model that included as fixed effect, contemporary group and, as random effects, the additive genetic, the common litter and the error. Mean value of AFC was 241.12��25.9 days, with CV of 8.5 %. Variance analysis showed that year (P<0.01), season (P<0.01) and herd effects (P<0.01) were important sources of variation of AFC. The throat effect (P=0.34) was not important for the AFC, but the mother of the gilts (P<0.01) was an important source of variation. The heritability estimate was 0.44��0.14 that this trait would yield genetic gain as a response to the selection.

Par��metros genéticos entre caracter��sticas de leite, de peso e a idade ao primeiro parto em gado mesti��o leiteiro (Bos taurus x Bos indicus)

Foram estimadas as correla����es gen��ticas entre caracter��sticas de produ����o de leite (produ����o de leite, gordura, prote��na e dura����o da lacta����o em at�� 305 dias, na primeira lacta����o), caracter��sticas de peso (taxa de crescimento de novilhas entre 12-24 meses e peso m��dio de vacas) e idade ao primeiro parto, em uma popula����o de f��meas Mesti��o Leiteiro Brasileiro (MLB), por meio de metodologia REML, sob modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade das caracter��sticas estudadas na ordem acima foram, respectivamente, 0,28�� 0,08, 0,30��0,11, 0,28��0,09, 0,19��0,07, 0,18��0,06, 0,42��0,10 e 0,48��0,12. As correla����es gen��ticas entre peso m��dio da vaca e a produ����o de leite, gordura e prote��na foram, respectivamente, -0,22��0,22, -0,49��0,31 e -0,22��0,23 e da taxa de crescimento das novilhas com a produ����o de leite, gordura e prote��na foram respectivamente, -0,59��0,35, -0,73��0,44 e -0,62��0,37. As correla����es gen��ticas entre produ����o de leite, peso m��dio das vacas e taxa de crescimento das novilhas com idade ao primeiro parto foram respectivamente, 0,05��0,18, -0,05��0,18 e 0,02��0,20. A alta correla����o gen��tica (0,93��0,02) entre produ����o de leite e dura����o da lacta����o indicou que n��o se deve remover a varia����o na dura����o da lacta����o na sele����o de gado leiteiro tropical.

Par��metros genéticos de escore visual do umbigo em bovinos da ra��a Nelore

Foram utilizados 128.700, 44.227, 90.383, 47.506, 42.619, 45.057, 17.666 e 27.181 dados, respectivamente, de peso �� desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), escore de umbigo �� desmama (UD), escore de umbigo �� desmama de macho (UDM), escore de umbigo �� desmama de f��mea (UDF), escore de umbigo ao sobreano (US), escore de umbigo ao sobreano de macho (USM) e escore de umbigo ao sobreano de f��mea (USF) com o objetivo de estimar par��metros genéticos de escore visual do umbigo e as respectivas correla����es gen��ticas com as caracter��sticas de crescimento - peso �� desmama e peso ao sobreano -, em bovinos da ra��a Nelore, aplicando-se um modelo animal em an��lises uni e bicaracter��sticas. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h��) para as caracter��sticas UD, UDM, UDF, US, USM, USF, PD e PS foram de 0,14��0,01; 0,18��0,02; 0,15��0,01; 0,26��0,01; 0,32��0,03; 0,27��0,02, 0,29��0,01 e 0,27��0,02, respectivamente, em an��lises unicaracter��sticas. em an��lises bicaracter��sticas, as estimativas de h�� para UD, US, PD e PS foram de 0,15, 0,27, 0,29 e 0,45, respectivamente. As correla����es gen��ticas estimadas entre UDM e UDF, entre USM e USF e entre UD e US foram positivas e altas, as correla����es gen��ticas entre escore do umbigo e caracter��sticas de crescimento foram todas positivas e de magnitudes de baixa a moderada.

Prefer��ncia alimentar e aspectos biol��gicos de Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas,1852 (Hemiptera: Coreidae) em diferentes gen��tipos de milho

The present research was accomplished under field and laboratory conditions (T= 25[plus or minus]2[degree] C, R.H.= 70[plus or minus] 10 % and fotoperiod= 12 horas) at FCA/UNICASTELO from Fernandopolis-SP, Brazil. The feeding preference of corn bug Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas, 1852 (Hemiptera: Coreidae) was evaluated on corn genotypes AL-Bianco, AL-Manduri, AL-25 Piratininga, AL-34 e AL-Manduri in the field. Besides, some behavioral factors relative to infestation and oviposition were observed. In laboratory, the nymph's development was evaluated on ears from each corn genotype, aiming to verify the non-preference and/or antibiosis ocurrence. The females of L. zonatus preferred to oviposite on sheats from leaves. Adults and nymphs may occur in whole parts of the plants. The AL-25, AL-34, AL-Manduri and AL-Bandeirante corn genotypes were classified as moderately resistant, expressing non-preference and/or antibiosis against the corn bug. In other way AL-Bianco was the most suscetible to nymphs of the insect.

Aspectos metodol��gicos para an��lise de dep��sitos de pulveriza����es pela determina����o dos dep��sitos pontuais

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a variabilidade dos dep��sitos de tra��adores, simulando herbicidas aplicados em p��s-emerg��ncia, em popula����es de Brachiaria plantaginea e Commelina benghalensis infestantes da cultura da soja. Os dep��sitos dos tra��adores foram tamb��m avaliados em plantas da cultura, utilizando-se o pulverizador de barra tratorizado, com pontas de jato plano da s��rie 110-SF-03, aplicando o volume de 250 L ha-1 de calda preparada com 0,18% de corante Azul Brilhante e 0,18% de Amarelo Saturn Yellow. Os alvos naturais utilizados foram: plantas de soja com 150 repeti����es; B. plantaginea no est��dio de duas a oito folhas, coletadas na linha da cultura com 141 repeti����es; e B. plantaginea e C. benghalensis nas entrelinhas, com 150 e 50 repeti����es, respectivamente. Os alvos artificiais foram constitu��dos por l��minas distribu��das a 0, 12,2 e 22,5 cm da linha da cultura. Ap��s a aplica����o, os alvos foram coletados individualmente e lavados com 30, 20 e 15 mL de ��gua deionizada, para soja, l��minas e plantas daninhas, respectivamente. Estas originaram as amostras analisadas em espectrofot��metro, estimando-se o dep��sito de calda em ��L por planta e ��L cm�� de ��rea foliar. Foram ajustadas curvas de regress��o entre os dep��sitos unit��rios e as freq����ncias acumuladas, utilizando-se o modelo de Gompertz. As rela����es entre os dep��sitos m��ximos e m��nimos foram de 7, 4, 10 e 6 para soja, C. benghalensis e B. plantaginea na linha e na entrelinha, respectivamente. As plantas de B. plantaginea da entrelinha receberam, em m��dia, 34% a mais de dep��sito do que as plantas da linha.

Aspectos quantitativos da deposi����o de gotas de pulveriza����o em plantas de amendoim e Brachiaria plantaginea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of spray deposition on peanut plants (Aracahis hypogaea) and on the weed Brachiaria plantaginea, in the rows and inter rows of the culture, as well as the amount of deposition on the soil. The study was conducted in the field using the peanut cultivar IAC Tatu-ST and the treatment applications were performed at the vegetative (V1) and reproductive (R2) stages. Brilliant Blue (FD&C-1) was used as tracer in water solution, at 500 ppm. The treatments were constituted of seven spray nozzles: XR 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 6 (150 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha(-1)), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), AI11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)) and TJ60 11002 VS (150 and 200 L ha(-1)). A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The results showed that the application of a larger spray volume increased the amount of depositions on the plants IAC Tatu ST at both stages of crop development, with the exception of spray nozzles XR 110015 VS and AI11002 VS, at the vegetative (V1) and reproductive (R2) stages of the culture, respectively; the greatest loss of drops in applications on the soil at the vegetative stage (V1) was provided by the spray nozzles AI 110015 VS and AI 11002 VS; however, at the reproductive stage (R2), the spray nozzle XR 11002 VS caused the greatest loss; The spray nozzles XR 11002 VS, AI 110015 VS, and TJ60 11002 VS (150 L ha(-1)) provided higher depositions on the leaves of B. plantaginea planted in the row than between the rows in the applications at the vegetative stage (V1), while at the reproductive stage (R2), the spray nozzles showed similar results for the deposition of droplets on the weed.

Efeitos de fungicidas sobre os aspectos biol��gicos de Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em plantas de pepino

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

T�� estin An��mnesis? uma an��lise da an��mnesis no m��non de Plat��o

Cette th��se a pour objectif principal examiner comment les M��non, Platon listes l'an��mnesis avec les autres th��ories qui sont abord��s dans ce dialogue et, par cons��quent, essayer de comprendre ce que c'est. Cette recherche vise dans un premier temps situ��es dans d'autres dialogues de Platon la survenance du terme anamn��sis �� veifique les points qui relient ces oeuvres �� clarifier la compr��hension d'un plus appropri�� dans le M��non. Jetez-y aussi, quels sont les ��l��ments de la platonicienne th��orie de la connaissance sera reliant le dialogue afin de prouver que le M��non, qui est la question centrale aret��, garde un conflit dans la sophistique et la philosophie. Ce choc entre ce qui se passe papapep indirectement par l'interm��diaire de son M��non enseign��, et Socrates qui conteste la th��se de l'��thique et le relativisme ��pist��mologique. Nous voyons aussi, de quelle mani��re le dialogue est donn��e de prendre une voie d'acc��s au savoir qui est configur�� comme s��rs, �� savoir an��mn��sis. L'interrogatoire de M��non depuis le d��but dans les appels d'enqu��ter ��ristique cet int��r��t, que lorsqu'ils sont confront��s �� des int��r��ts les am��nerait �� l'��tat apor��tique initial et qui est progressivement remplac�� par l'aporie fondamental de connaissance, ce n'est point pour aporie la compr��hension de an��mnesis. En prenant la dialectique comme m��thode d'enqu��te dans le dialogue, il est n��cessaire de la part de Socrates et M��non, de quitter le didaskein et en profiter pour math��sis que la construction des connaissances. Il ouvre de mani��re un des principaux enjeux dans ce travail examine si le an��mnesis permettre l'acc��s aux moyens et si elle a un statut similaire �� mn��me. �� un moment o�� Socrate explique dans le dialogue qui est le an��mnesis par monstration monstration fait avec esclave de M��non il est l'utilisation d'��l��ments mythiques que, selon notre analyse, permettre �� comprendre le sens de dialogue les connaissances qui montre l'opportunit�� d'apprendre, qui est la an��mnesis

Aspectos din��micos da ��gua versus ��lcool e acetona por t��cnicas de congelamento

Water still represents, on its critical properties and phase transitions, a problem of current scienti&#64257;c interest, as a consequence of the countless open questions and of the inadequacy of the existent theoretical models, mainly related to the di&#64256;erent solid and liquid phases that this substance possesses. For example, there are 13 known crystalline forms of water, and also amorphous phases. One of them, the amorphous ice of very high density (VHDA), was just recently observed. Other example is the anomalous behavior in the macroscopic density, which presents a maximum at the temperature of 277 K. In order to experimentally investigate the behavior of one of the liquid-solid phase transitions, the anomaly in its density and also the metastability, we used three di&#64256;erent cooling techniques and, as comparison systems, we made use of the solvents: acetone and ethyl alcohol. The &#64257;rst studied cooling system employ a Peltier plate, a device recently developed, which makes use of small cubes made up of semiconductors to change heat among two surfaces; the second system is a commercial refrigerator, similar to the residential ones. Finally, the liquid nitrogen technique, which is used to refrigerate the samples in a container, in two ways: a very fast and other one, almost static. In those three systems, three Beckers of aluminum were used (with a volume of 80 ml, each), containing water, alcohol and acetone. They were closed and maintained at atmospheric pressure. Inside of each Becker were installed three thermocouples, disposed along the vertical axis of the Beckers, one close to the inferior surface, other to the medium level and the last one close the superior surface. A system of data acquisition was built via virtual instrumentation using as a central equipment a Data-Acquisition board. The temperature data were collected by the three thermocouples in the three Beckers, simultaneously, in function of freezing time. We will present the behavior of temperature versus freezing time for the three substances. The results show the characterization of the transitions of the liquid

Efeitos da estimula����o ambiental sobre os aspectos motores, cognitivos e neuronais em um modelo farmacol��gico progressivo da doen��a de Parkinson

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Sele����o de atributos em comit��s de classificadores utilizando algoritmos genéticos

Classifier ensembles are systems composed of a set of individual classifiers and a combination module, which is responsible for providing the final output of the system. In the design of these systems, diversity is considered as one of the main aspects to be taken into account since there is no gain in combining identical classification methods. The ideal situation is a set of individual classifiers with uncorrelated errors. In other words, the individual classifiers should be diverse among themselves. One way of increasing diversity is to provide different datasets (patterns and/or attributes) for the individual classifiers. The diversity is increased because the individual classifiers will perform the same task (classification of the same input patterns) but they will be built using different subsets of patterns and/or attributes. The majority of the papers using feature selection for ensembles address the homogenous structures of ensemble, i.e., ensembles composed only of the same type of classifiers. In this investigation, two approaches of genetic algorithms (single and multi-objective) will be used to guide the distribution of the features among the classifiers in the context of homogenous and heterogeneous ensembles. The experiments will be divided into two phases that use a filter approach of feature selection guided by genetic algorithm

Utilizando programa����o orientada a aspectos no projeto de sistemas hardware desenvolvidos com SystemC

New programming language paradigms have commonly been tested and eventually incorporated into hardware description languages. Recently, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has shown successful in improving the modularity of object-oriented and structured languages such Java, C++ and C. Thus, one can expect that, using AOP, one can improve the understanding of the hardware systems under design, as well as make its components more reusable and easier to maintain. We apply AOP in applications developed using the SystemC library. Several examples will be presented illustrating how to combine AOP and SystemC. During the presentation of these examples, the bene&#64257;ts of this new approach will also be discussed