Testing prospect theory in students’ performance

This paper tests the existence of ‘reference dependence’ and ‘loss aversion’ in students’ academic performance. Accordingly, achieving a worse than expected academic performance would have a much stronger effect on students’ (dis)satisfaction than obtaining a better than expected grade. Although loss aversion is a well-established finding, some authors have demonstrated that it can be moderated – diminished, to be precise–. Within this line of research, we also examine whether the students’ emotional response (satisfaction/dissatisfaction) to their performance can be moderated by different musical stimuli. We design an experiment through which we test loss aversion in students’ performance with three conditions: ‘classical music’, ‘heavy music’ and ‘no music’. The empirical application supports the reference-dependence and loss aversion hypotheses (significant at p < 0.05), and the musical stimuli do have an influence on the students’ state of satisfaction with the grades (at p < 0.05). Analyzing students’ perceptions is vital to find the way they process information. Particularly, knowing the elements that can favour not only the academic performance of students but also their attitude towards certain results is fundamental. This study demonstrates that musical stimuli can modify the perceptions of a certain academic result: the effects of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ surprises are higher or lower, not only in function of the size of these surprises, but also according to the musical stimulus received.

Opinión de los futuros maestros sobre el diseño y uso de murales multimedia como recurso didáctico

En este artículo se presenta una investigación que muestra la opinión de los futuros docentes sobre el diseño y creación de murales multimedia como recurso didáctico en el aula. Se ha recogido la opinión de alumnos de segundo curso del Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Alicante mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario online centrado en las dimensiones: usabilidad, motivación, satisfacción en los resultados que genera, ventajas y desventajas de la herramienta, y uso e importancia del recurso. Los resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de la alfabetización tecnológica a partir de la creación de e-contenidos.

Dirección estratégica de la asignatura Dirección Estratégica de las Tecnologías de la Información

¿Se pueden utilizar las habilidades, las técnicas y los principios de la dirección estratégica en el diseño y ejecución de la programación docente de una asignatura? Esta es la pregunta que nos planteamos al diseñar la asignatura Dirección Estratégica de las Tecnologías de la Información perteneciente al Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Alicante. Estas técnicas las aplicaremos a aspectos clave de la innovación educativa: contrato pedagógico, objetivos, evaluación, trabajo en equipo y comunicación oral. Algunas de las propuestas innovadoras, que tienen el doble objetivo de ser un instrumento de la asignatura pero al mismo tiempo recoger aspectos de dirección y de mejora continua, son el SLA (“Service Level Agreement”) de aprendizaje, las actas de aprendizaje, el análisis de tendencias en las TI y el espacio para la creatividad. Tras dos cursos académicos de ajuste de la propuesta docente, en el curso 2014-2015 hemos analizado el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes con la misma y la autoevaluación crítica de los profesores que la han impartido. Los resultados han sido muy satisfactorios, con comentarios del estilo “ha sido una experiencia de aprendizaje efectivo”. Los estudiantes agradecen que los profesores prediquemos con el ejemplo. Nos hace más humanos y más creíbles.

Coach Behaviors and Athlete Satisfaction in Team and Individual Sports

The coach can have a profound impact on athlete satisfaction, regardless of the level of sport involvement. Previous research has identified differences between coaching behavior preferences in team and individual sport athletes. The present study examined the moderating effect that an athlete's sport type (i.e., individual or team) may have on the relationships among seven coaching behaviors (mental preparation, technical skills, goal setting, physical training, competition strategies, personal rapport, and negative personal rapport) for predicting coaching satisfaction. Moderated multiple regression analyses indicated that each of the seven coaching behaviors were significant main effect predictors of coaching satisfaction. However, sport type (i.e., team or individual sports) was found to moderate six of the seven relationships: mental preparation, technical skills, goal setting, competition strategies, personal rapport, and negative personal rapport in predicting satisfaction with the coach. These findings indicate that high coaching satisfaction for athletes in team sports is influenced to a greater extent by the demonstration of these behaviors than it is for individual sport athletes.

Satisfação familiar com os cuidados prestados numa unidade de cuidados intensivos : uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Caesarean Birth vs. Vaginal Delivery: Effects upon Maternal Satisfaction, Maternal Confidence and Maternal Perception of the Newborn Behaviour

In order to test the hypothesis that caesarean birth has negative consequences upon newly mothers’ satisfaction and perceptions, women delivering by caesarean birth (WCB) were compared with women delivering by vaginal birth (WVB). Subjects: 180 newly mothers; 93 WCB and 87 WVB. Instruments: A Socio-Demographic Questionnaire developed for this research, the Childbirth Perceptions Questionnaire and the Mother and Baby Scales. Results: WCB had significantly lower scores in perceptions of baby as alert/responsive and nearly significant lower scores for baby as alert during feeds. WVB showed a significantly higher level of satisfaction with delivery and conduct during labour, as also had significantly lower scores for perceptions of baby as irritable during feeds and for lack of confidence in feeds. After controlling for the kind of anesthesia received in labour, three conclusions must be taken into account: 1) between WCB with regional anaesthesia and WCB with general anaesthesia there is only one significant difference, with the former having higher scores for perception of baby as alert during feeds; 2) between WVB with regional anaesthesia and WVB with no anaesthesia there are only two significant differences, with the former having higher scores for lack of confidence in feeding and having lower scores for global confidence; 3) between WCB with regional anaesthesia and WVB with regional anaesthesia four significant differences emerge, with the former having a lower level of satisfaction with delivery and conduct in labour and having lower scores for perception of baby as alert responsive, and also having higher scores of perception of baby as irritable in feeds and higher scores for lack of confidence in feeding. Data seem compatible with the hypothesis that caesarean birth has some negative consequences upon mothers’ satisfaction and perceptions and, for this reason, psychological surveys should constitute a routine procedure in maternity hospitals, especially when newly mothers pertain to families affected by risks of psychological or social nature.

Sovereign debt and its restructuring framework in the Euro area. Bruegel Working Paper 2013/05, August 2013

To compensate for the inflexibility of fixed exchange rates, the euro area needs flexibility through a system of orderly debt restructuring. With virtually no room for macroeconomic manoeuvring since the crisis onset, fiscal austerity has been the main instrument for achieving reductions in public debt levels; but because austerity also weakens growth, public debt ratios have barely budged. Austerity has also implied continued high private debt ratios. And these debt burdens have perpetuated economic stasis. Economic theory,history, and the recent experience all call for a principled debt restructuring mechanism as an integral element of the euro area’s design. Sovereign debt should be recognised as equity (a residual claim on the sovereign), operationalised by the automatic lowering of the debt burden upon the breach of contractually-specified thresholds. Making debt more equity-like is also the way forward for speedy private deleveraging. This debt-equity swap principle is a needed shock absorber for the future but will also serve as the principle to deal with the overhang of ‘legacy’ debt.

Étude longitudinale de l’impact de la satisfaction envers les avantages sociaux novateurs sur l’intention de rester chez les travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications

The objective of this thesis is to understand the impact of satisfaction with innovative benefits on the intention to stay of the information and communications technology industry (ICT) workers. In order to investigate this question, a general research hypothesis was presented based on a literature review and on Blau’s social exchange theory (1964) and Maslow’s theory of needs (1943). The general research hypothesis states that satisfaction with innovative benefits increases intention to stay through time. The data used in this thesis were collected as part of a larger research on the relationships between compensation, training and skills development and attracting and retaining key employees. The longitudinal data come from an office located in Montreal of a major international company from the ICT sector. The study population consists of workers newly hired between April 1st, 2009 and September 30th, 2010. The results confirm the research hypothesis showing that satisfaction with innovative benefits increase intention to stay through time. Among the various innovative benefits studied, the results indicate that it is the satisfaction with the gym at work that best predicts intention to stay of workers. Other innovative benefits significantly related to intention to stay are the games library, the lounge, the medical clinic and the library in the workplace. Also, longitudinal analyses reveal that it is mainly the differences between the individual characteristics of the employees who best explain intention to stay than the differences across time of the same worker. This thesis concludes by discussing the best way for industrial relations managers to use the results in order to retain their employees. Then, the limits of the study and some directions for further research are also presented.

Optimisation du promoteur CR5 inductible au cumate

Les produits biologiques représentent une avenue thérapeutique très prometteuse pour diverses maladies actuellement sans traitement, dont le cancer. La demande pour ces produits est donc très forte et des bioprocédés industriels efficaces et fiables doivent être mis en place pour y répondre. Le système inductible au cumate (CR5) développé par le groupe de Bernard Massie permet d’exprimer des protéines d’intérêt de façon finement régulable et à haut niveau dans les cellules CHO. Un travail d’optimisation est toutefois nécessaire afin de maximiser l’expression tout en améliorant l’étanchéité du système. Dans cette optique, diverses constructions du promoteur comportant des configurations différentes d’espacement entre ses constituants, des transactivateurs comportant des domaines d’activation différents, et une séquence opératrice synthétique ont été testées pour évaluer leur capacité à améliorer le rendement et l’étanchéité du CR5. Ainsi, un protomoteur comportant trois séquences opératrices avec six paires de bases entre chacune de ces dernières s’est montré plus efficace en termes de rendement et d’étanchéité que la configuration actuelle du CR5. De plus, une nouvelle configuration du CR5 où le transactivateur est régulé par le système inductible à la coumermycine a été étudiée et a montré une régulation très fine. Le travail d’optimisation effectué dans ce projet s’applique seulement dans le but d’optimiser un procédé dans des conditions spécifiques. Son application à d’autres lignées cellulaires et d’autres promoteurs reste à démontrer.

Estonia in the eurozone - a strategic success. OSW Commentary No. 53, 2011-06-20

The adoption of the euro in January 2011 topped off Estonia’s integration policy. In the opinion of Estonian politicians, this country has never been so secure and stable in its history. Tallinn sees the introduction of the euro primarily in the political context as an entrenchment of the Estonian presence in Europe. The process of establishing increasingly close relations with Western European countries, which the country has consistently implemented since it restored independence in 1991, has been aimed at severing itself its Soviet past and at a gradual reduction of the gap existing between Estonia and the best-developed European economies. The Estonian government also prioritises the enhancement of co-operation as part of the EU and NATO as well as its principled fulfilment of the country’s undertakings. It sees these as important elements for building the country’s international prestige. The meeting of the Maastricht criteria at the time of an economic slump and the adoption of the euro during the eurozone crisis proved the determination and efficiency of the government in Tallinn. Its success has been based on strong support from the Estonian public for the pro-European (integrationist) policy of Estonia: according to public opinion polls, approximately 80% of the country’s residents declare their satisfaction with EU membership, while support for the euro ranges between 50% and 60%. Since Estonia joined the OECD in 2010 and adopted the euro at the beginning of 2011, it has become the leader of integration processes among the Baltic states. The introduction of the euro has reinforced Estonia’s international image and made it more attractive to foreign investors. The positive example of this country may be used as a strong argument by the governments in Lithuania and Latvia when they take action to meet the Maastricht criteria. Vilnius and Riga claim they want to adopt the euro in 2014. The improving economic situation in the Baltic states will contribute to the achievement of this goal, while an excessively high inflation rate, as in 2007, may be the main impediment1.

Democratic Contestation, Accountability, and Citizen Satisfaction at the Regional Level. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 04.2, 2004

Democratic theory tells us that competition between political parties fosters more responsive government by disciplining elected leaders. Yet party competition may not always attain the levels desirable for holding leaders accountable, notably at the sub-national level. This paper hypothesizes that variations in competition-induced accountability affect regional, or state, government behavior, and that this variation is reflected in citizen satisfaction with regional government performance. The hypothesis is confirmed using survey data from sixty-eight German state election studies. Specifically, a widening of the gap between the two main parties of each state is shown to affect subsequent individual-level satisfaction negatively. This finding presents a conjecture that should be generalizable to other countries with strong sub-national units.

The EU power sector needs long-term price signals. CEPS Special Report No. 135/April 2016

By 2030, half of the EU’s electricity demand will be covered by renewables and will need to be accompanied by flexible conventional back-up resources. Due to the high upfront costs inherent to renewables and the progressively lower running times associated with back-up capacity, the cost of capital will have a proportionately greater impact on total costs than today. This report examines how electricity markets can be designed to provide long-term price signals, thereby reducing the cost of capital for these technologies and allowing for a more efficient transition. It finds that current market arrangements are unable to provide long-term price signals. To address this issue, we argue that a system for long-term contracts with a regulated counterparty could be implemented. A centralised system where capacity or energy or a combination of both is contracted, could be introduced for conventional and renewable capacity, based on a regional adequacy assessment and with a competitive bidding system in place to ensure cost-effectiveness. Member states face a number of legislative barriers while implementing these types of systems, however, which could be reduced by merging legislation and setting EU framework rules for the design of these contractual agreements.

O papel de mediação das necessidades psicológicas na associação entre o suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de fitness

Tendo por base a teoria da autodeterminação, este estudo objetiva a análise do papel mediador da perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness e indicadores de bem-estar psicológico, em praticantes de exercício. Participaram neste estudo 984 praticantes de fitness em ginásios, de ambos os géneros (531 femininos; 453 masculinos), com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 70 anos (M= 31.7; SD= 11.2). Todos os praticantes foram avaliados ao nível da sua perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness, perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas (competência, autonomia e relação) e bem-estar psicológico (vitalidade subjetiva, satisfação com a vida e autoestima global). Os resultados obtidos, com recurso à análise de equações estruturais, corroboram o papel mediador das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico. Estes resultados clarificam o mecanismo de promoção do bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de exercício, auxiliando no processo de delineamento de intervenções futuras no contexto do fitness com este propósito.

Suplementos alimentares para gestão de peso corporal:

Os suplementos alimentares para emagrecer são um apelo irresistível para quem procura uma forma de perder peso “sem sacrifícios” e “sem esforço”. Com efeito, estamos perante um mercado sazonal em expansão em que a menção “natural” parece tranquilizar os consumidores esquecendo que a eficácia e segurança destes produtos necessita ser avaliada. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo efetuar a caraterização dos consumidores de suplementos alimentares para emagrecer, da zona centro de Portugal, avaliar o seu grau de satisfação com os produtos e ainda o possível risco que envolve o consumo destes produtos sobretudo quando ingeridos concomitantemente com medicamentos. Recorreu-se a um questionário anónimo, confidencial e de preenchimento voluntário, distribuído em farmácias, parafarmácias e dietéticas e/ou ervanárias maioritariamente do concelho de Viseu e Figueira da Foz. A recolha dos dados decorreu entre os meses de abril e julho de 2014. E tinha como critérios de inclusão ser maior de 18 anos, ambos os sexos e saber ler e escrever. Acorreram 304 indivíduos. A análise dos dados foi feita recorrendo a testes estatísticos adequados a cada caso. O presente estudo ao caracterizar o perfil de consumidores de suplementos alimentares encontrou uma população, maioritariamente feminina (88,5%) com grau de instrução elevado, secundário e superior, nas faixas etária dos 25-44 anos (59,4%), casados ou em união de facto. Apresentavam excesso de peso e obesidade (54%), sem hábitos de prática de exercício físico e com alimentação desequilibrada. Estes preferem adquirir os suplementos alimentares para emagrecer nas farmácias embora a decisão de consumir estes produtos seja pessoal (32,7%). Para aconselhamento preferem o farmacêutico (17,6%) e apenas 4,2% recorrem ao médico. Revelaram ainda consumir estes produtos por um período de tempo limitado, entre 1-3 meses e estarem satisfeitos com os resultados obtidos após o consumo de suplementos alimentares (63,1%). Constituindo os efeitos secundários dos suplementos alimentares uma preocupação legítima verificamos que a maioria dos inquiridos (93,3%) não refere qualquer efeito indesejável, os restantes indivíduos que revelaram aparecimento de ações indesejáveis disseram ter-se dirigido ao farmacêutico para reportar a situação. As patologias com maior prevalência entre os consumidores foram doenças endócrinas, nutricionais e metabólicas, seguida das perturbações mentais e comportamentais e por fim as doenças cardiovasculares a que correspondem os principais grupos terapêuticos encontrados: psicofármacos, medicamentos usados em patologias do sistema endócrino e antihipertensores. Cerca de 25,8% dos inquiridos que consumiam suplementos alimentares para emagrecer utilizavam concomitantemente estes fármacos. A análise dos cinco suplementos alimentares para emagrecer maioritariamente consumidos pela amostra (57,8%) evidenciou a existência de possíveis interações com os grupos de fármacos mais utilizados. Os resultados obtidos mostram por um lado, a necessidade de esclarecer o conceito de que nem tudo o que é natural é inócuo e por outro lado, ressaltam a importância no ato de venda do aconselhamento individual, adaptado a cada consumidor (com ou sem medicação), por um profissional de saúde com conhecimentos no âmbito da gestão e fisiologia de peso corporal e conhecimento sólido sobre a eficácia e segurança destes suplementos.

Satisfação dos utentes do Centro de Saúde da Guarda

Enquadramento: A satisfação dos utentes com as instituições de saúde apresenta-se na actualidade como um indicador fundamental na determinaçãodos aspetos a melhorar e a aperfeiçoar de forma prioritária ou seja na implementação de parâmetros contributivos para a qualidade dos serviços prestados. A fonte de preocupação dos profissionais em geral alicerça-se nas experiencias vividas na “primeira voz”, do seu dia-a-diae por isso se torna imperioso o conhecimento dos níveis e determinantes da satisfação dos utilizadores com vista à excelência dos cuidados. Objetivos: Avaliar a Satisfação dos utentes do Centro de Saúde da Guarda e verificar associações existentes entre esta satisfação e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, e psicossociais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, transversal, descritivocorrelacional e de caráter quantitativo, que envolveu 303 utentes do Centro de Saúde da Guarda. Para o efeito foi utilizado um questionário que contém variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e psicossociais e ainda a escala “EUROPEP” para avaliar o grau de satisfação. Resultados: Constatámos que a satisfação global da amostra é elevada uma vez que oscila entre um valor mínimo de 63 e um máximo de 275, correspondendo-lhe uma média de 218,92.Verificámos ainda que a dimensão com maiores níveis de satisfação(85.6%) dizem respeito á relação/comunicação, e inversamente os utentes estão mais insatisfeitos com aorganização do serviço. Os utentes com maiores rendimentos mensais e que percepcionam maiores benefícios nos programas de reabilitação são também aqueles que se apresentam mais satisfeitos. Conclusão: O nosso estudo reforça o paradigma de que a satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados prestados tem um carácter abrangente e multidimensional, depende de factores também variáveis no tempo, no espaço e nas populações, tratando-se portanto de um processo dinâmico e subjectivo em constante construção. Palavras-chave- Satisfação, Utentes, Centro de Saúde, Reabilitação, Qualidade.