907 resultados para Project 2004-016-A : Supply Chain Sustainability


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Tutkimus kuvaa tiedon, osaamisen ja teknologian siirtoa Suomesta ja Itävallasta Puolaan, Romaniaan ja Slovakiaan hajautetussa puupohjaisessa sähkö- ja lämpöenergian tuotannossa. Metsävaroiltaan rikas ja bioenergia-asioissa toimintatavoiltaan edistynyt Suomi toimi Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen (nykyisin Luonnonvarakeskus) johdolla tutkimuksen empiirisen aineiston tuottaneen kehittäjäverkostohankkeen pääkoordinaattorina vuosina 2011-2014. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin hankkeen dokumentaation sisällönanalyysiä. Itävalta on tunnettu edistyksellisistä bioenergia-alan tuki- ja ohjausjärjestelmistä. Suomi ja Itävalta kuuluvat EU:n viiden edistyneimmän maan joukkoon uusiutuvien energialähteiden hyödyntämisessä. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten Suomessa ja Itävallassa hyvin toimivia liiketoimintamalleja voidaan siirtää kohdemaihin puupohjaisen uusiutuvan energian tuotannossa hyödynnettäviksi. Työssä kuvataan tiedonsiirtäjämaiden eli Suomen ja Itävallan ydinosaaminen kiinteän biomassan energiantuotannossa politiikkatasolta käytännön liiketoiminnan tasolle. Lisäksi työssä analysoidaan poliittisen ohjauksen merkitystä alan kehittämisessä, missä käydään läpi maakohtaiset uusiutuvan energian toimintasuunnitelmat vuodelta 2010. Lopuksi arvioidaan tiedonsiirtäjä- ja tiedonhyödyntäjämaiden välisiä eroavaisuuksia kyseisellä liiketoiminta-alueella, ja onko olemassa sellaisia tekijöitä, mitkä estävät tiedonsiirtoa tai hyväksi todettujen liiketoimintamallien soveltamista kohdemaissa. Kussakin maassa metsänomistusolosuhteet ratkaisevat kiinteän biomassan tarjonnan toimivuuden eli tilanteen toimitusketjun alkupäässä. Tuotannon ohjauksen pyrkimys on myös hyödyntää mekaanisen puunjalostuksen sivutuotevirrat mahdollisimman tarkoin energiantuotannon tarpeisiin. Yleiset taloudelliset suhdanteet vaikuttavat ketjun toimivuuteen ja tehokkuuteen. Yksin energiantuotannon tarpeisiin puunkorjuuta ei kannata suunnitella, koska se harvemmin erikseen toteutettuna on kannattavaa liiketoimintaa. Puun käyttö energiantuotantoon tarvitsee hyvin suunniteltua tuki- ja ohjausjärjestelmää, joista kansalliset hallitukset vastaavat. Suomalainen tuotannon suunnittelun ja ohjauksen ajattelutapa sekä itävaltalainen energiapuun varastointi biomassan logistiikkakeskuksiin koettiin kohdemaiden yrittäjäkunnassa varteenotettavimpina liiketoiminnan kehittämisvaihtoehtoina paikallisissa toimintaympäristöissä. Lean-tuotantoajatteluun kuuluva hukan poistaminen toimitusketjusta liittyy mm. varastonhallinnan järjestelyihin ja sivutuotevirtojen hyödyntämiseen. Näitä piirteitä oli myös löydettävissä tiedonhyödyntäjämaiden yritysten toiminnassa hankkeen toteutuksen aikana.

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Kuluttajien valveutuminen ja globalisaatio 2000-luvulla lukeutuvat suurimpiin taustasyihin sille, että vastuullisuus on noussut entistä tärkeämpään rooliin yritysten toiminnassa. Hankinnat ovat tämän vastuullisen toiminnan kannalta yksi kriittisimpiä osa-alueita, sillä yrityksen on hallittava hankintaketjunsa hyvin pystyäkseen takaamaan vastuullisten toimipojen ulottumisen aina sen alkupäähän asti. Tämä Pro Gradu-tutkielma kartoittaa Suomen yritysten vastuullisten hankintojen nykytilaa ja sen kehitystä viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana. Tavoitteena on selvittää, miten vastuullisia hankintoja toteutetaan tämän päivän suomalaisissa yrityksissä ja ovatko aiempien tutkimuksien havaitsemat ongelmat vielä olemassa ja jos ovat, niin missä mittakaavassa. Tämä tutkimus on toteutettu sähköisenä kyselytutkimuksena, joka lähetettiin eri alojen yrityksille ympäri Suomea. Suomalaisten yritysten hankintojen vastuullisuus on mennyt eteenpäin viime vuosikymmenen tilanteesta, mutta kasvu näyttäisi olevan enemmän määrällistä kuin laadullista. Vastuullisia hankintoja toteuttaa yhä useampi yritys, mutta samat ongelmat vaivaavat vielä suurta osaa kaikista yrityksistä. Puutteita löytyy erityisesti sopimusosaamisessa, dokumentoinnissa ja informaationkulussa.

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The purpose of this thesis is to find development areas for site operations in power plant construction projects delivered by Wärtsilä. The inspected operations are subcontractor management, site material management and work scheduling. The contractor's role in EPC project is to respond for engineering, procurement, and construction supervision. Geographical and cultural differences brings challenges for finding development areas as Wärtsilä delivers projects world-wide. Searching for development area is mainly made with survey, which answers were collected from the target company's site personnel. Based on the results, with good planning and preparation various problems would be avoided. An external view for the thesis was collected by an expert interview, which was held to three expe-rienced construction operating executives. Interviewees believed that with the se-lection of right site personnel and clearly defined areas of responsibility will great-ly affect the outcome of the project. Some of the theory has been collected from areas, which have helped to under-stand the inspected operations on site. Improving competence knowledge has been important due to the broad scope of work and the author’s inexperience of the topic. Also generally effective practices from construction projects has been col-lected to the theory part. Functionality of general practices have been reflected together with the results of empirically collected data for Wärtsilä's projects. As a result, a model was generated where development proposals and the benefits from new procedures were presented.

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Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää palveluvarastoinnin vaikutukset hankinnan kokonaiskustannuksiin ja luoda palveluvaraston toimintakonsepti. Toimintakonsepti pitää sisällään informaatio- ja materiaalivirtojen hallinta- ja ohjausprosessit toimittajan, palveluvaraston ja diplomityön kohdeyrityksen välillä. Tutkimuksen alussa tehtiin kustannusvertailu kahden vaihtoehtoisen toimittajan välillä. Toinen vaihtoehdoista edellyttää välivarastointia palveluvarastossa. Kustannusvertailun pohjalta kohdeyrityksessä päätettiin vaihtaa toimittajaa ja ottaa käyttöön palveluvarasto. Palveluvaraston toimintakonseptin luomista varten yrityksessä perustettiin projektiryhmä. Tutkimuksen kirjoittaja toimi projektiryhmän vetäjänä. Tutkimuksessa luotiin palveluvaraston toimintakonsepti, joka perustuu vendor- managed inventory-toimintamalliin. VMI-toimintaa varten kehitettiin ohjausraportti, jonka avulla kohdeyritys voi valvoa varastotasoja palveluvarastossa, ja jonka avulla toimittajat ohjaavat varastotäydennyksiä palveluvarastolle. Palveluvaraston ja kohdeyrityksen välille luotiin lisäksi RFID-teknologiaa hyödyntävä tilausprosessi. Kohdeyrityksessä voidaan tulevaisuudessa hyödyntää palveluvarastoa kansainvälisen hankinnan logistiikan hallintaan.

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The investments have always been considered as an essential backbone and so-called ‘locomotive’ for the competitive economies. However, in various countries, the state has been put under tight budget constraints for the investments in capital intensive projects. In response to this situation, the cooperation between public and private sector has grown based on public-private mechanism. The promotion of favorable arrangement for collaboration between public and private sectors for the provision of policies, services, and infrastructure in Russia can help to address the problems of dry ports development that neither municipalities nor the private sector can solve alone. Especially, the stimulation of public-private collaboration is significant under the exposure to externalities that affect the magnitude of the risks during all phases of project realization. In these circumstances, the risk in the projects also is becoming increasingly a part of joint research and risk management practice, which is viewed as a key approach, aiming to take active actions on existing global and specific factors of uncertainties. Meanwhile, a relatively little progress has been made on the inclusion of the resilience aspects into the planning process of a dry ports construction that would instruct the capacity planner, on how to mitigate the occurrence of disruptions that may lead to million dollars of losses due to the deviation of the future cash flows from the expected financial flows on the project. The current experience shows that the existing methodological base is developed fragmentary within separate steps of supply chain risk management (SCRM) processes: risk identification, risk evaluation, risk mitigation, risk monitoring and control phases. The lack of the systematic approach hinders the solution of the problem of risk management processes of dry port implementation. Therefore, management of various risks during the investments phases of dry port projects still presents a considerable challenge from the practical and theoretical points of view. In this regard, the given research became a logical continuation of fundamental research, existing in the financial models and theories (e.g., capital asset pricing model and real option theory), as well as provided a complementation for the portfolio theory. The goal of the current study is in the design of methods and models for the facilitation of dry port implementation through the mechanism of public-private partnership on the national market that implies the necessity to mitigate, first and foremost, the shortage of the investments and consequences of risks. The problem of the research was formulated on the ground of the identified contradictions. They rose as a continuation of the trade-off between the opportunities that the investors can gain from the development of terminal business in Russia (i.e. dry port implementation) and risks. As a rule, the higher the investment risk, the greater should be their expected return. However, investors have a different tolerance for the risks. That is why it would be advisable to find an optimum investment. In the given study, the optimum relates to the search for the efficient portfolio, which can provide satisfaction to the investor, depending on its degree of risk aversion. There are many theories and methods in finance, concerning investment choices. Nevertheless, the appropriateness and effectiveness of particular methods should be considered with the allowance of the specifics of the investment projects. For example, the investments in dry ports imply not only the lump sum of financial inflows, but also the long-term payback periods. As a result, capital intensity and longevity of their construction determine the necessity from investors to ensure the return on investment (profitability), along with the rapid return on investment (liquidity), without precluding the fact that the stochastic nature of the project environment is hardly described by the formula-based approach. The current theoretical base for the economic appraisals of the dry port projects more often perceives net present value (NPV) as a technique superior to other decision-making criteria. For example, the portfolio theory, which considers different risk preference of an investor and structures of utility, defines net present value as a better criterion of project appraisal than discounted payback period (DPP). Meanwhile, in business practice, the DPP is more popular. Knowing that the NPV is based on the assumptions of certainty of project life, it cannot be an accurate appraisal approach alone to determine whether or not the project should be accepted for the approval in the environment that is not without of uncertainties. In order to reflect the period or the project’s useful life that is exposed to risks due to changes in political, operational, and financial factors, the second capital budgeting criterion – discounted payback period is profoundly important, particularly for the Russian environment. Those statements represent contradictions that exist in the theory and practice of the applied science. Therefore, it would be desirable to relax the assumptions of portfolio theory and regard DPP as not fewer relevant appraisal approach for the assessment of the investment and risk measure. At the same time, the rationality of the use of both project performance criteria depends on the methods and models, with the help of which these appraisal approaches are calculated in feasibility studies. The deterministic methods cannot ensure the required precision of the results, while the stochastic models guarantee the sufficient level of the accuracy and reliability of the obtained results, providing that the risks are properly identified, evaluated, and mitigated. Otherwise, the project performance indicators may not be confirmed during the phase of project realization. For instance, the economic and political instability can result in the undoing of hard-earned gains, leading to the need for the attraction of the additional finances for the project. The sources of the alternative investments, as well as supportive mitigation strategies, can be studied during the initial phases of project development. During this period, the effectiveness of the investments undertakings can also be improved by the inclusion of the various investors, e.g. Russian Railways’ enterprises and other private companies in the dry port projects. However, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the participation of different investors in the project lack the methods and models that would permit doing the particular feasibility study, foreseeing the quantitative characteristics of risks and their mitigation strategies, which can meet the tolerance of the investors to the risks. For this reason, the research proposes a combination of Monte Carlo method, discounted cash flow technique, the theory of real options, and portfolio theory via a system dynamics simulation approach. The use of this methodology allows for comprehensive risk management process of dry port development to cover all aspects of risk identification, risk evaluation, risk mitigation, risk monitoring, and control phases. A designed system dynamics model can be recommended for the decision-makers on the dry port projects that are financed via a public-private partnership. It permits investors to make a decision appraisal based on random variables of net present value and discounted payback period, depending on different risks factors, e.g. revenue risks, land acquisition risks, traffic volume risks, construction hazards, and political risks. In this case, the statistical mean is used for the explication of the expected value of the DPP and NPV; the standard deviation is proposed as a characteristic of risks, while the elasticity coefficient is applied for rating of risks. Additionally, the risk of failure of project investments and guaranteed recoupment of capital investment can be considered with the help of the model. On the whole, the application of these modern methods of simulation creates preconditions for the controlling of the process of dry port development, i.e. making managerial changes and identifying the most stable parameters that contribute to the optimal alternative scenarios of the project realization in the uncertain environment. System dynamics model allows analyzing the interactions in the most complex mechanism of risk management process of the dry ports development and making proposals for the improvement of the effectiveness of the investments via an estimation of different risk management strategies. For the comparison and ranking of these alternatives in their order of preference to the investor, the proposed indicators of the efficiency of the investments, concerning the NPV, DPP, and coefficient of variation, can be used. Thus, rational investors, who averse to taking increased risks unless they are compensated by the commensurate increase in the expected utility of a risky prospect of dry port development, can be guided by the deduced marginal utility of investments. It is computed on the ground of the results from the system dynamics model. In conclusion, the outlined theoretical and practical implications for the management of risks, which are the key characteristics of public-private partnerships, can help analysts and planning managers in budget decision-making, substantially alleviating the effect from various risks and avoiding unnecessary cost overruns in dry port projects.

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IT-palvelumarkkinoilla yritykset kohtaavat entistä enemmän haasteita pyrkiessään löytämään uusia asiakkaille lisäarvoa tuottavia keinoja. Asiakaslähtöisyys on tärkeää haastavassa palveluliiketoiminnassa sen nopeasti luonteen takia. Asiakkaat vaativat nopeaa ja luotettavaa laitetoimitusta. Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on tutkia toimitus- ja asennusprojektissa käytettyä prosessia ja löytää keinoja asiakastyytyväisyyden parantamiseen etsimällä parannuskohteita käytetystä prosessista. Työn päätavoitteena on selvittää, miten IT-palvelutoimittajan toimitusprosessia voidaan kehittää vastaavanlaisissa suurissa projekteissa ja samalla toimintaa tehostamalla luoda lisäarvoa sekä asiakkaille että yritykselle. Alatavoitteena työssä on tutkia prosessia ja löytää siinä tehdyt virheet ja löytää niille parannusehdotuksia. Työ pohjautuu projektiin, jossa toimitettiin ja asennettiin asiakkaalle yli 350 kytkintä heidän eri toimipisteisiinsä ja jossa itse toimin projektipäällikkönä. Työssä käydään läpi mitä toimitusketjut ovat ja niiden ohjaus, sekä yleinen prosessin kehittämisen teoria. Lopuksi käydään läpi käytetty prosessi sekä haastatteluissa esiin tulleet ongelmakohdat siinä.

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Globalization and the developments of supply chain have made inexpensive labor and the low production costs of developing countries available to businesses worldwide. Unfortunately, these developments have also led to the exploitation of human and natural resources. The increasing supply of cheap and fashionable clothing has created a contradiction between consumers’ concerns for sustainability and their purchase behavior in the fashion industry. Since the uncovering of several sweatshop scandals in the 1980’s and 1990’s ethical fashion brands have started to emerge. Ethical fashion has sparked the interest of consumers and studies have shown promising positive attitudes towards it. However, these attitudes have failed to translate into action and purchase behavior of ethical fashion has not reached the expectations. In order to translate the positive attitudes into buying companies must understand consumer’s motivations and reasons behind the purchase decision. The objective of this study is to understand the antecedents behind young consumer’s purchase intention of ethical fashion. The study is based on the theory of planned behavior which has been widely used to study consumer behavior and purchase decisions. The theory has also been used in ethical decision-making and fashion context before. According to the theory, in order to understand purchase intentions consumer’s attitudes toward buying ethical fashion were studied. The theory also states that attitudes are formed from beliefs, thus, consumer’s beliefs about the fashion industry were studied. To contribute to existing research, the effect of sweatshop issues and environmental issues were compared. The data was collected from university students (n=617) with an online survey. The results were analyzed by statistical methods and they revealed that young Finnish consumers hold positive attitudes towards buying ethical fashion as well as positive purchase intentions of ethical fashion. A strong relationship was found between positive attitudes and positive purchase intentions. Also, the more negative consumers’ beliefs of the fashion industry were the more positive their attitudes toward buying ethical fashion were. In contradiction to previous research this study revealed that environmental issues had greater effect on attitudes than sweatshop issues. Interesting differences between consumers were found depending on their field of education. Students from humanities and social sciences held the most negative beliefs as well as most positive attitudes and purchase intentions of ethical fashion.

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Relational factors between supply chain actors have been acknowledged to contribute significantly to competitiveness. With the example of the German market for organic apples the suitability of the concept of the Relational View for explaining competitiveness was investigated. Structured interviews were conducted with selected actors of the supply chain. Actors at all levels of the supply chain proved to be highly committed and described their business relations as satisfying and trustful. Strong vertical and horizontal collaboration was found. Thus, the Relational View proved to be highly suitable to explain competitiveness in the market for organic apples.

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We present an optimal methodology for synchronized scheduling of production assembly with air transportation to achieve accurate delivery with minimized cost in consumer electronics supply chain (CESC). This problem was motivated by a major PC manufacturer in consumer electronics industry, where it is required to schedule the delivery requirements to meet the customer needs in different parts of South East Asia. The overall problem is decomposed into two sub-problems which consist of an air transportation allocation problem and an assembly scheduling problem. The air transportation allocation problem is formulated as a Linear Programming Problem with earliness tardiness penalties for job orders. For the assembly scheduling problem, it is basically required to sequence the job orders on the assembly stations to minimize their waiting times before they are shipped by flights to their destinations. Hence the second sub-problem is modelled as a scheduling problem with earliness penalties. The earliness penalties are assumed to be independent of the job orders.

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We consider the optimization problem of safety stock placement in a supply chain, as formulated in [1]. We prove that this problem is NP-Hard for supply chains modeled as general acyclic networks. Thus, we do not expect to find a polynomial-time algorithm for safety stock placement for a general-network supply chain.

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En los últimos años, los gremios del sector agrícola en Colombia han venido haciendo grandes esfuerzos con el fin de obtener certificaciones a nivel internacional sobre los cultivos y productos derivados del Aloe Vera, que permitan cumplir con los estándares de calidad que exige el mercado industrial y también el consumidor final; pues él entiende, cada vez mejor, las bondades que este producto ofrece para su bienestar. Esto ha hecho que el extracto de Aloe Vera se presente actualmente como un mercado potencial que genera altas expectativas en cuanto al crecimiento de demanda local, y en consecuencia, motiva a llevar a cabo este proyecto de investigación con la intención de ofrecer al mercado local una alternativa para la sustitución de importaciones de extractos del Aloe Vera. La agricultura siempre será una de las locomotoras para el desarrollo de la economía de un país, en muchos casos las materias primas agrícolas se importan, cuando lo que se debe hacer es aprovechar el ecosistema que tiene el país acompañándolo con herramientas técnicas, capacitación al agricultor, programas de financiamiento, entre otras; para así lograr una integración en la cadena de abastecimiento y generar valor a los procesos para que el producto sea competitivo en el mercado local e internacional.

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Este trabajo es un acercamiento de cómo se lograría un adecuado proceso de exportación de café, vía marítima. Para ello se desarrollaron las siguientes fases. Como primera fase para la elaboración de este trabajo, se realizó una recopilación de información acerca de las características principales del café en Colombia. La segunda fase se basó en el análisis del proceso general que se debe realizar para poder exportar el café en Colombia, a nivel de documentación, tramitología y logística. Para la tercera fase, se realizó un diagnóstico de la cadena de distribución física internacional del café. Por último, como cuarta fase se procedió a generar las posibles soluciones y recomendaciones. Lo anterior, con el fin de que el café Colombiano, pueda competir en mercados internacionales, al mejorar el proceso logístico.

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En Colombia el sector pecuario, es uno de los más representativos para el crecimiento y sostenibilidad de la economía del país. El sector aporta el 9% del PIB, sus ventas al exterior representan el 21% del valor de las exportaciones totales y genera el 19% del empleo a nivel nacional y el 66% en las zonas rurales. En el contexto del municipio de Sesquilé, la producción en el sector pecuario ha generado la inconformidad por parte de los habitantes y productores del municipio. Este trabajo de grado se desarrolla bajo la Metodología de Matriz de Marco Lógico, la cual presenta una dinámica de identificación del problema central que afecta al sector pecuario y permite plantear diferentes ejes para encontrar las alternativas más óptimas de mejoramiento al mismo, con el apoyo de la Alcaldía Municipal, los Presidentes de la Juntas de Acción Comunal y los habitantes. Para cumplir con el objetivo de caracterizar el sector pecuario del Municipio de Sesquilé, se tiene en cuenta variables productivas y logísticas, para la identificación de alternativas que permitan la generación de empleo y de ingresos en la población. Se identificaron problemas de carácter social, político, económico, tecnológico y logístico, a los cuales se establecen una serie de recomendaciones con pautas de cómo mejorar y aprovechar las oportunidades potenciales que brinda el sector.

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BIO S.A.S es una organización que iniciará actividades en septiembre de 2012, y se dedicará a la producción, manipulación y distribución especial más no limitativa de Naranja Tangelo (Mineola). Nuestro producto será comercializado en Chapinero.

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El presente trabajo de grado surgió a partir de una investigación realizada semestres anteriores a la empresa ACONQUISTAR S.A.S., en donde se encontraron falencias logísticas relacionadas con el transporte de mercancías. Por consiguiente este trabajo es el resultado del análisis de la cadena de Abastecimiento y el acercamiento a la creación de un plan estratégico de logística Para dicha empresa. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se establecieron tres frentes de ejecución; la cadena de abastecimiento de la empresa, los operadores logísticos de transporte y los clientes, con el fin de obtener las bases necesaria para lograr trabajar en el diseño del plan estratégico de logística para la empresa. El cual, consistió en la aplicación del Modelo de Referencia de Operaciones para la Cadena de abastecimiento (SCOR).