Higher arithmetic Chow groups

We give a new construction of higher arithmetic Chow groups for quasi-projective arithmetic varieties over a field. Our definition agrees with the higher arithmetic Chow groups defined by Goncharov for projective arithmetic varieties over a field. These groups are the analogue, in the Arakelov context, of the higher algebraic Chow groups defined by Bloch. The degree zero group agrees with the arithmetic Chow groups of Burgos. Our new construction is shown to be a contravariant functor and is endowed with a product structure, which is commutative and associative.

Adolescent's suicide attempts: populations at risk, vulnerability, and substance use.

Adolescence corresponds to a transition period that requires adaptation and change capacities and skills. Most young people succeed with this challenge, whereas a minority fail. In order to identify with the teenage culture, become autonomous, and differentiate from their parents, some adolescents choose to use drugs, beginning with the use of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, followed by other illicit drugs such as opiates and stimulants. A high proportion of these adolescents attempt suicide, which is the primary cause of death during adolescence in many European countries. Who are the "vulnerable" adolescents? What are the mechanisms that can explain the varieties of drug-use initiation or suicide attempts? Can "protective factors" be identified? What kind of strategies might be developed at a social and political level in order to prevent or to minimize drug abuse and suicide attempts, among other harmful behaviors? These issues will be discussed on the basis of the recent literature and in the light of a recent study carried out in the French-speaking part of Switzerland on large cohorts of adolescent drug users. Unresolved critical issues are noted and future needed research is suggested.

Identificación de variedades de vitis vinifera procedentes de diferentes regiones del mundo mediante tècnica de biologia molecular de los microsatéllites

El objetivo de este estudio se centró en analizar una colección privada de germoplasma de Vitis vinifera L., de 338 cultivares procedentes de 24 países, para caracterizarlas creando una base de datos, utilizando 11 marcadores microsatélites o SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Como resultado se encontraron que algunas de las muestras analizadas presentaron un perfil idéntico de SSR, indicando que se trata de una sinonimia (la misma variedad pero con diferente nombre). Se detectaron 293 perfiles únicos. Adicionalmente, 15 pares de variedades presentaron diferencias en un solo locus y otros 7 grupos difieren en 2 loci, lo cual indicaría la alta proximidad genética entre esas variedades, sin llegar a ser la misma. El germoplasma analizado cuenta con una compleja biodiversidad varietal que se debe preservar. El estudio se realizó programando para el primer año la revisión bibliográfica detallada, recolección de las hojas y el inicio de la puesta a punto de la metodología, en el segundo año se completa la puesta a punto de la metodología, se trituran las hojas y se realiza la extraccinón del ADN. El tercer año se emplea para amplificar los fragmentos de ADN por medio de la PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa), obtener la longitud de los fragmentos con un secuenciador ABI PRISM 310, valorar resultados y realizar repeticiones. El último año se analizan los resultados obtenidos, se realizan repeticiones pertinentes y se comienza la redacción de artículos científicos.

A New open economy macroeconomic model with endogenous portfolio diversification and firms entry

This paper provides a new benchmark for the analysis of the international diversi…cation puzzle in a tractable new open economy macroeconomic model. Building on Cole and Obstfeld (1991) and Heathcote and Perri (2009), this model speci…es an equilibrium model of perfect risk sharing in incomplete markets, with endogenous portfolios and number of varieties. Equity home bias may not be a puzzle but a perfectly optimal allocation for hedging risk. In contrast to previous work, the model shows that: (i) optimal international portfolio diversi…cation is driven by home bias in capital goods, independently of home bias in consumption, and by the share of income accruing to labour. The model explains reasonably well the recent patterns of portfolio allocations in developed economies; and (ii) optimal portfolio shares are independent of market dynamics.

L'intercanvi de llavors com a mecanisme per a la conservació de l'agrobiodiversitat. Estudi de cas: Vallès Oriental

En les últimes dècades hi ha hagut un interès creixent en la conservació de les varietats locals. En relació amb això, s’argumenta que els horts domèstics tenen un paper fonamental en el manteniment de la diversitat genètica. Pel que fa a l’objectiu, consisteix a analitzar la conservació de l’agrobiodiversitat a la comarca del Vallès Oriental mitjançant una anàlisi de la xarxa d’intercanvi, el nombre de varietats locals i el coneixement que hi està associat. Aquest còmput d’informació ha permès realitzar un inventari de totes les varietats locals, el seu coneixement associat, una anàlisi del context social dels hortelans i una anàlisi de les xarxes d’intercanvi, que evidencien si aquests factors afecten de forma directa o indirecta la millora i el manteniment de l’agrobiodiversitat.

Homologia de Lawson i descens

La meva recerca en els tres anys de gaudiment de beca s'ha centrat en l'estudi de teories semitopològiques definides a través d'espais de cicles algebraics, introduïts per Friedlander i Lawson. Hem estudiat propietats de descens d'aquestes teories i hem construït una successió espectral que calcula explícitament la cohomologia mòrfica d'una varietat tòrica. D'altra banda, estem treballant en l'estudi de propietats d'invariància homotòpica per la cohomologia mòrfica, així com en l'estructura algebraica dels grups d'homologia de Lawson.

Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Evidence Review

The current report reviews the scientific evidence on standardised or “plain” packaging, and the extent to which plain packaging regulations would help Ireland to achieve its tobacco control objectives.   Plain packaging is a form of marketing restriction that prohibits the use of logos, colours, brand images and promotional information on tobacco packaging. Under plain packaging regulations, the colour of the pack is uniform across different brands and varieties. Regulations may also standardise the size and shape of packages. Download the report here here

Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Evidence Review

16.6.2014 Standardized Packaging of Tobacco Products Evidence Review March 2014 The current report reviews the scientific evidence on standardised or "plain"Âù packaging, and the extent to which plain packaging regulations would help Ireland to achieve its tobacco control objectives.   Plain packaging is a form of marketing restriction that prohibits the use of logos, colours, brand images and promotional information on tobacco packaging. Under plain packaging regulations, the colour of the pack is uniform across different brands and varieties. Regulations may also standardise the size and shape of packages. Download the report here here  

Fruit and Vegetables

This review showed that, based on the balance of current scientific evidence, organic fruit and vegetables are no safer or more nutritious than conventionally produced varieties.

Inteins in pathogenic fungi: a phylogenetic tool and perspectives for therapeutic applications

Inteins or "internal proteins" are coding sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking sequences (exteins). After translation, the inteins are excised by an autocatalytic process and the host protein assumes its normal conformation and develops its expected function. These parasitic genetic elements have been found in important, conserved proteins in all three domains of life. Most of the eukaryotic inteins are present in the fungi kingdom and the PRP8 intein is one of the most widespread inteins, occurring in important pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans (varieties grubii and neoformans), Cryptococcus gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The knowledge of conserved and non-conserved domains in inteins have opened up new opportunities for the study of population variability in pathogenic fungi, including their phylogenetic relationships and recognition or diagnoses of species. Furthermore, inteins in pathogenic fungi should also be considered a promising therapeutic drug target, since once the autocatalytic splicing is inhibited, the host protein, which is typically vital, will not be able to perform its normal function and the fungal cell will not survive or reproduce.

De la fil·loxera a la Denominació d'Origen Pla de Bages : L'evolució de la vinya a la comarca del Bages al segle XX

Des de l'aparició de les primeres vinyes fil·loxerades al Bages, el 1889, a Navàs, fins a la creació de la DO Pla de Bages el 1995 ha passat un segle. Al llarg d'aquest període la comarca ha passat de ser una terra amb un conreu exclusiu i especialitzat, la vinya, a veure com aquest conreu gairebé desapareixia. Així, el motiu i l'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi és analitzar i comprendre l'evolució del conreu de la vinya al llarg d'un segle, per entendre les transformacions en l'àmbit de la viticultura.

Assaig d’ aclarida química en raïm de vinificació garnatxa negra

La Garnatxa negra és la varietat negra autòctona i majoritària a la Denominació d’OrigenEmpordà. La facilitat actual per obtenir rendiments elevats (selecció clonal, terrenys fèrtils, pràctiques agrícoles, ...) obliga a regular-ne la producció per obtenir collites de qualitat. L’eliminació d’una part de la collita mitjançant l’aclarida manual ha estat una pràctica efectiva i àmpliament utilitzada per la millora de la qualitat en situacions puntuals de sobreproducció. Però els seuselevats costos de mà d’obra la fan privativa per a la majoria de productors. L’aclarida química amb Etefon es perfila com una bona alternativa a l’hora de regular la producció amb uns costos d’execució acceptables. L’objectiu del treball era provar l’eficàcia de l’Etefon com a aclaridor químic en vinya per a la varietat Garnatxa negra com a alternativa a l’aclarida manual tradicional

Molecular and immunological characterization of gluten proteins isolated from oat cultivars that differ in toxicity for celiac disease.

A strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only currently available therapeutic treatment for patients with celiac disease (CD). Traditionally, treatment with a GFD has excluded wheat, barley and rye, while the presence of oats is a subject of debate. The most-recent research indicates that some cultivars of oats can be a safe part of a GFD. In order to elucidate the toxicity of the prolamins from oat varieties with low, medium, and high CD toxicity, the avenin genes of these varieties were cloned and sequenced, and their expression quantified throughout the grain development. At the protein level, we have accomplished an exhaustive characterization and quantification of avenins by RP-HPLC and an analysis of immunogenicity of peptides present in prolamins of different oat cultivars. Avenin sequences were classified into three different groups, which have homology with S-rich prolamins of Triticeae. Avenin proteins presented a lower proline content than that of wheat gliadin; this may contribute to the low toxicity shown by oat avenins. The expression of avenin genes throughout the development stages has shown a pattern similar to that of prolamins of wheat and barley. RP-HPLC chromatograms showed protein peaks in the alcohol-soluble and reduced-soluble fractions. Therefore, oat grains had both monomeric and polymeric avenins, termed in this paper gliadin- and glutenin-like avenins. We found a direct correlation between the immunogenicity of the different oat varieties and the presence of the specific peptides with a higher/lower potential immunotoxicity. The specific peptides from the oat variety with the highest toxicity have shown a higher potential immunotoxicity. These results suggest that there is wide range of variation of potential immunotoxicity of oat cultivars that could be due to differences in the degree of immunogenicity in their sequences.

Identification and in vitro reactivity of celiac immunoactive peptides in an apparent gluten-free beer.

Gluten content from barley, rye, wheat and in certain oat varieties, must be avoid in individuals with celiac disease. In most of the Western countries, the level of gluten content in food to be considered as gluten-free products is below 20 parts per million measured by ELISA based on specific anti-gluten peptide antibody. However, in beverages or food suffering complex hydrolytic processes as beers, the relative proportion of reactive peptides for celiac patients and the analytical techniques may differ, because of the diversity of the resulting peptide populations after fermentations. A beer below 20 parts per million of gluten but yet detectable levels of gluten peptides by anti-gliadin 33-mer antibodies (G12 and A1) was analyzed. We identified and characterized the relevant peptides for either antibody recognition or immunoactivity in celiac patients. The beer was fractionated by HPLC. The relative reactivity of the different HPLC fractions to the G12/A1 antibodies correlated to the reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 14 celiac individuals. Peptides from representative fractions classified according to the relative reactivity to G12/A1 antibodies were identified by mass spectrometry. The beer peptides containing sequences with similarity to those of previously described G12 and A1 epitopes were synthesized and confirmed significant reactivity for the antibodies. The most reactive peptides for G12/A1 also confirmed the highest immunogenicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation and interferon γ production from celiac patients. We concluded that preparative HPLC combined with anti-gliadin 33-mer G12/A1 antibodies were very sensitive and specific methods to analyze the relevant immunogenic peptides in hydrolyzed gluten.