Derived control by compound and single stimuli in a matching-to-sample task in children

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Shared HLA Class II in Six Autoimmune Diseases in Latin America: A Meta-Analysis

The prevalence and genetic susceptibility of autoimmune diseases (ADs) may vary depending on latitudinal gradient and ethnicity. The aims of this study were to identify common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles that contribute to susceptibility to six ADs in Latin Americans through a meta-analysis and to review additional clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics of those ADs sharing HLA alleles. DRB1∗03:01 (OR: 4.04; 95%CI: 1.41–11.53) was found to be a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). DRB1 ¨ ∗04:05 (OR: 4.64; 95%CI: 2.14–10.05) influences autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and T1D; DRB1∗04:01 (OR: 3.86; 95%CI: 2.32–6.42) is a susceptibility factor for RA and T1D. Opposite associations were found between multiple sclerosis (MS) and T1D. DQB1∗06:02 and DRB1∗15 alleles were risk factors for MS but protective factors for T1D. Likewise, DQB1∗06:03 allele was a risk factor for AIH but a protective one for T1D. Several common autoantibodies and clinical associations as well as additional shared genes have been reported in these ADs, which are reviewed herein. These results indicate that in Latin Americans ADs share major loci and immune characteristics.

Evolution of analogical reasoning in children: follow-up from six to eleven years old

The aim of this study is to establish the time and period of development of Analogical Reasoning (AR) and evaluate its independence and performance with respect to the age. We performed a longitudinal cohort study of two age groups and six annual follow-up phases from each one (2000-2005, 2001-2006) in six to eleven years-old children in the city of Huanuco (Peru) with a sample of 167 children (first stage), and N=121 (sixth stage). The Raven’s progressive matrices test, coloured version, was applied individually without time limits. Results indicate that AR development occurs in a constant and late way from seven to eleven years-old children, and also that there is independence between the ability of AR and the children age. We discuss the importance of knowledge in the relationships between analogies topics, adjusted to the age, as a mediating factor in the development of AR.

Evaluación de la adherencia al esquema de vacunación Plan Ampliado de Inmunizaciones Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio

Introducción. La vacunación es el resultado del esfuerzo del hombre por encontrar una protección real contra las enfermedades infecciosas. Es una de las más importantes intervenciones de salud pública sobre estas enfermedades. En una acción conjunta de las naciones del mundo, se creó el Plan Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) con el fin de alcanzar el control y la erradicación de dichas enfermedades.Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo tomando los datos de todos los niños y niñas menores de 6 años de edad, usuarios del programa de Promoción, Educación y Prevención (PEP) de la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio en Bogotá, Colombia, que asistieron y fueron atendidos en el centro de vacunación de dicha institución entre el 1ro de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2005.Resultados. Se encontró registro de 7.686 menores de 6 años en la base de datos del Centro de Vacunación de la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio. El 65,7% cumplieron con el esquema PAI según la edad, mientras que un 34,2% tenía aún el esquema PAI incompleto. Los niños (as) entre los 6 meses y los 2 años de edad con el grupo con el menor número de vacunas aplicadas pertenecientes al esquema PAI (19,8%). De los 30.984 biológicos aplicados, el 87,1% pertenecen al esquema PAI, y el 12,8% restante corresponde a los biológicos complementarios.Conclusiones. Este estudio, preliminar, muestra unas cifras alarmantes en cuanto a cobertura y vacunación, empero promueve la búsqueda de las fallas que existen para que no se esté cumpliendo con el esquema de vacunación PAI, y fortalece aún más el programa de promoción, educación y prevención PEP que se realiza en la red de salud de Colsubsidio.

Long-term memory problems in children and adolescents : assessment, intervention, and effective instruction. 'Problemas en la memoria a largo plazo en niños y adolescentes : evaluación, intervención y enseñanza efectiva'.

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Identi???cation of degrees of anxiety in children with three- and ???ve-face facial scales

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Distinguishing schemes and tasks in children's development of multiplicative reasoning

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Infrahumanization in children : An evaluation of 70 terms relating to humanity

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Reading fluency in children who are deaf or hard of hearing

This literature review explores the role of reading fluency in children who are deaf or hard of hearing and the essential role reading fluency plays in reading comprehension. The information gathered in this paper supports the importance of direct instruction of reading fluency with children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Spelling errors in children who are deaf

This is a descriptive study that analyzes the spelling abilities as well as a specific spelling error made by children between the ages of 5 and 9 who are deaf and wear cochlear implants.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in children with profound sensorineural hearing losses

This paper presents information on the reliability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in children with profound sensorineural hearing losses.

Phonological awareness in children who are deaf/hard of hearing

This paper examines the phonological awareness skills of young children who are hearing impaired through rime identification and onset detection.

Latency and slope values of evoked responses in children in brain stem audiometry

This paper is a review of a study to compare latencies of early evoked responses in young children with those of adults.

Evaluating the efficacy of monaural vs. binaural FM fittings in children with auditory processing disorders

The purpose of this project was to determine whether a monaural FM or binaural FM fitting strategy is more appropriate for children with Auditory Processing Disorders.

The reassessment of central auditory processing disorders in children 7 to 12 years of age

This paper provides a review of central auditory processing disorders in children.