Saudosa Maloca, Maloca querida: um estudo morfológico da relação forma/usos do espaço em moradias autoconstruídas e construídas pelo poder público após um ano de ocupação

This study intends to enhance the existing knowledge concerning the patterns of the uses of space for low cost housing in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, by way of comparative morphological studies in spatial arrangements and articulations regarding three distinct, however inter-related, sets of social housing: (1) a development comprising 21 self-built houses erected on public routes and illegal plots within a tract of land originally designed to be an industrial development: (2) architect-designed houses built by the public authority in order to accommodate the previous 21 (plus a few additions) families occupying the self-built dwellings, and (3) modifications performed by dwellers on a total of those 24 houses built by the public authority after an occupation period of one year. The predominant uses of each room within the self-built and modified houses were represented in ground plan, based on empirical observation, surveys with dwellers and the use of analytical procedures of morphologic analysis of nature predominantly geometric (specific) and topology (space syntax analysis). A scale of priorities was identified in relation to the uses of each room, its geometrical arrangement (adjacency, front/back relations etc), and underlying structures (connectivity, depth and spatial integration) in order to establish congruencies and non-congruencies between a social-cultural order embedded in the self-built domestic space and the design logic contained in the houses offered by official agencies. The comparative analysis points towards the convivial existence of two tendencies: one that seems to reinforce a design logic inasmuch as the additions and modifications performed by the dwellers do not alter but even emphasize the original configuration of the designed houses, and another one in which those patterns are subverted in accordance with a logic which, to a lesser or greater degree, coincides with that of the self-built dwellings

UBS RN-7: proposta arquitetônica para um padrão flexível de unidade básica de saúde para a zona bioclimática 7 do RN, com ênfase na sustentabilidade ambiental

Standardization and sustainability: these two apparently antagonistic words find the challenge of uniting in a flexible architectonic proposal. This was the idea that motivated the proposal of this assignment, whose appearing is bound up with the necessity of thinking about standardized spaces that attend on functional criterias and environmental sustainability, in reply to an existing real demand. The assignment consists of an architectonic proposal for a flexible standard of a Basic Unit of Health for the bioclimatic zone 7 of RN (UBS RN-7), with emphasis in the environmental sustainability. The project contemplates innumerable involved variables, such as: obedience to the current law of the Health Ministry for the UBSs; formal/aesthetic aspects; criterias of expansiveness of the UBS I for the UBS II; relative aspects to the constructive rationality and, mainly, sustainability aspects. With the intention to unite the variables and, also, glimpsing a proposal that could reach a good functional performance, aesthetic, of environment comfort and energetic efficiency, it was also necessary to consider concepts about the flexibility of the envelopment. The elaboration of the architecture first draft was based on bibliographical research, conceptual studies and references, elaboration of the architectonic program and the draft development for the UBS port I and the UBS port II. To the end, an implantation data sheet for the project is proposed for the UBS standard project, where strategies of thermal isolation, shadowing and thermal inertia are adopted and combined to three possible types of lot, resulting in 24 possibilities of implantation

Por uma moradia termicamente confortável: proposta de habitação de interesse social com ênfase no conforto térmico

This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.

Todo Brasileiro merece nível A : habitação multifamiliar para o programa minha casa minha vida energeticamente eficiente

This thesis describes the theoretical, methodological and programmatic proposal for a multifamily residential building located in the urban expansion area of Parnamirim/RN, inserted in the program Minha Casa Minha Vida and level of energy efficiency "A", as the RegulamentoTécnico de Qualidade (RTQ-R/INMETRO) for residential buildings. The development project initially consists of procedures as the study of theoretical, architectural programming and cases studies. With the delimitation of a field solution, situated between the reference and the context, proposals are studied to determine the solution and architectural detailing of the proposal. The architectural program was built based on the method of Problem Seeking (Peña and Parshall, 2001) and research has highlighted aspects of reducing the environmental impact and of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida , among others. The design process was characterized by the incorporation of aspects reviewed and programmed, seeking them compatible and have an economically viable building, socio-spatial quality and energy efficient. The results show that it is possible to obtain a building that meets the constraints of the program that provides housing and energy efficiency level A - and many other environmental qualities and constructive, particularly through architectural design

Novo Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde (CEES)

A proposta do novo projeto arquitetônico para o Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde pertencente à Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências – UNESP Campus de Marília, visa, de forma geral, atuar como um estabelecimento de apoio para a cidade de Marília e demais cidades da região nas questões relativas ao diagnóstico e à reabilitação física, mental, motora e fonoaudiológica, através dos estágios supervisionados dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional da instituição. Dessa forma, através de uma arquitetura humanizada voltada e pensada no ser humano, a unidade auxiliar contribui para a inclusão social dos indivíduos portadores de deficiência ou com restrição à mobilidade através do restabelecimento e/ou melhora de suas capacidades, desenvolvendo uma sociedade inclusiva e uma vida saudável, além de proporcionar um ambiente eficiente e fundamental no processo de ensino superior

A participação do enfermeiro perioperatório gestor no planeamento arquitetónico dos blocos operatórios

ntrodução A razão de ser dos estabelecimentos de saúde é a prestação de cuidados de qualidade e que respeitem a integridade total daqueles que procuram a resolução dos seus problemas e/ou necessidades. Os utentes pretendem segurança e eficácia na “arte de cuidar”, a responsabilidade dos prestadores de cuidados é retribuir esse desafio com profissionalismo, competência e idoneidade. Este será o desafio constante para o profissional ao longo da sua carreira e será também e sempre o desafio que se coloca ao enfermeiro perioperatório. A sala de operações do século XXI precisa de perceção que permita a flexibilidade de escolha de equipamentos e mudança de práticas de trabalho, bem como a procura simplificada e quase futurista em planeamento arquitetónico. Embora tenha havido uma grande evolução nos últimos anos, muito ainda há por fazer na melhoria do ambiente e funcionalidade, tendo como um dos objetivos a operacionalidade e o bem-estar dos profissionais. Apesar de não existir um modelo considerado o mais eficaz, pode-se refletir sobre determinados pontos importantes que influenciam a operacionalidade do bloco. A otimização das estruturas e espaços resulta num beneficio em recursos humanos, melhor ambiente, melhor qualidade, melhores resultados e mais rentabilidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados. A relação custo/beneficio está diretamente ligada aos resultados obtidos ao longo do desempenho destes princípios. A vantagem de ter o enfermeiro perioperatório gestor, chefe ou com experiência na equipa de planeamento, programação, projeto e acompanhamento da obra, é que terá uma visão prática daquilo que se pretende vir a realizar. É necessário perceber a estrutura na planta e tentar desdramatizar essas confluências de modo a torná-las funcionais e exequíveis. Objetivos Pretende-se com esta comunicação refletir de que forma o enfermeiro com experiência na área perioperatória, poderá prevenir ou mesmo impedir a repetição de erros que empiricamente verificamos serem frequentes, principalmente erros de caracter arquitetónico, de organização e gestão do espaço. Pretendemos também refletir sobre de que forma estes erros interferem e/ou condicionam o bom funcionamento das salas operatórias e consequentemente como este facto se reflete na otimização dos cuidados. Esta otimização depende em grande parte da eficiente resposta às necessidades dos profissionais. Desenvolvimento Apesar de em Portugal existirem muitos blocos onde as salas operatórias estão afetas a uma determinada especialidade, há outros onde se verifica uma rotatividade significativa ao longo do dia de trabalho. Principalmente em unidades mais pequenas, onde o numero de cirurgias realizadas não justifica a sua sectorização. A necessidade de servir a população e os casos que que recorrem a determinado hospital/unidade, obriga ao desenvolvimento de estratégias compensatórias que não estariam comtempladas anteriormente. O impacto que este padrão de funcionamento tem nos profissionais é desgastante, uma vez que origina mudanças sistemáticas na disposição das salas e suas necessidades inerentes. Retirar e colocar equipamentos, auxiliares de posicionamento, logística anestésica e todo o ambiente ao redor do ato cirúrgico/anestésico proporciona momentos de grande stress, que hoje obrigam ao cumprimento de regras fundamentais de higiene e segurança. Os planos arquitetónicos dos blocos operatórios respeitam normas legisladas, pré-estabelecidas pela ACSS-Ministério da Saúde que, em conjunto com diversas organizações como a AESOP, UONIE, entre outras, elaborou um documento descritivo, onde se “analisa espaços e soluções organizativas de blocos operatórios assim como as respetivas instalações técnicas de apoio”. Este relatório comtempla os requisitos básicos e necessários para que sejam respeitadas as normas e condutas de segurança e qualidade espectáveis numa unidade de bloco operatório e serviços adjacentes, mas não condicionam a sua distribuição na planta. A distância entre salas e zonas de apoio e armazenamento, circuitos de corredor único ou partilhado, salas de indução, salas de preparação, articulação com a esterilização, zonas de acesso de doentes e familiares e profissionais, ficam para a imaginação e ousadia de quem executa. No entanto, com base na minha experiência pessoal, verifico que continuam a ser cometidos erros que condicionam a eficácia, rapidez e qualidade do serviço que se presta. Desacertos de caráter estrutural, funcional e operacional podem diferenciar a rentabilidade espectável, da real numa determinada fase de planeamento. Podemos ainda ser mais ambiciosos, considerando que quer arquitetos, quer administrações pretendem e preveem o melhor e o mais rentável para o seu projeto, deveriam envolver os enfermeiros gestores de cada serviço, no âmbito do planeamento arquitetónico e previsão de investimentos na área. Por outro lado, cabe aos enfermeiros mostrar essa mais valia, demonstrar que é essencial a sua participação no modelo criativo. Quem sabe se o futuro não comtempla equipas multidisciplinares onde possam englobar os enfermeiros? Pequenos Exemplos A falta de equipamentos necessários para todas as salas que funcionam em simultâneo e porque muitas vezes não está disponível aquele que é “preferido” de determinado cirurgião, obriga ao esforço dos profissionais que procuram satisfazer a equipa para que tudo corra sem problemas. A existência de equipamentos que não são adequados ou que estão muito afastados do espaço onde são utilizados, porque as salas de arrumação estão desajustadas da otimização de recursos, preocupa os profissionais que tentam dar uma resposta eficaz em tempo reduzido. Considerando que este tipo de situações é um obstáculo à rentabilização de recursos humanos e materiais, deveria ser o ponto de partida para escolha dos locais. Uniformização de equipamentos, estudos e avaliações criteriosas das necessidades de cada especialidade, discutidas com os responsáveis, onde existisse um compromisso escrito entre os intervenientes, com um dialogo consciente e refletido sobre as consequências dessa escolha, poderia ajudar o processo de seleção. A natureza relativamente flexível da atividade dos blocos operatórios está sujeita, em grande medida, ao desempenho dos profissionais e da otimização do mesmo de acordo com o planeamento. Um bloco bem delineado passa por considerações especificas sobre o que se pretende atingir. Salas operatórias com design simples, bem colocadas no espaço contiguo aos corredores e zonas de arrumos, cumprindo as normas para o Controlo de Infecção com zonas sujas amplas que permitam fácil circulação entre pessoas e materiais, com acessibilidade fácil e bem estruturadas entre áreas de doentes e pessoal, permite funcionar com destreza e agilidade. As normas indicam as medidas estruturais como pontos de luz, sistemas de ventilação e gazes, materiais utilizados, dimensões limite, áreas obrigatórias, etc mas ainda não têm preconizado o ambiente envolvente de aplicabilidade desta matéria. Serão os que lá trabalham, principalmente os enfermeiros, que devem contribuir para a harmonia deste resultado ser ou não eficaz. A presença de iluminação natural propicia uma melhor qualidade de saúde para aqueles que por razões de atividade, ali permanecem por longos períodos sem acesso ao exterior. Podem-se considerar janelas fixas, que permitam a passagem de luz natural sem visibilidade para o exterior, em zonas onde não interfira com o normal funcionamento. Segundo o relatório técnico “Atendendo a que a qualidade do ambiente hospitalar é também fortemente responsável pelo bom desempenho das pessoas que aí trabalham, não pode ser subestimada a qualidade do projeto de arquitetura. As componentes de acústica e iluminação natural/artificial assumem aqui grande importância.” (RT- Generalidades, pag. 30) Poderemos refletir sobre os equipamentos informáticos. Devem-se utilizar preferencialmente ecrãs táteis ou teclados planos, evitando os teclados tradicionais que são problemáticos no que se refere à higienização e consequente controlo de infeção. Por experiência, o uso destes ecrãs obriga à fixação eficaz, que permita uma utilização rápida, dentro dos tempos previstos para os diversos registos intraoperatórios. Situações que não são consideradas no planeamento de instalação. Assim como, têm que estar considerados nos planos de manutenção preventiva, a limpeza das ventoinhas de arrefecimento, fontes consideráveis de pó de acesso condicionado. Conclusão Consegue-se perceber a importância que o enfermeiro perioperatório, seja chefe, gestor ou com experiência, tem tido na evolução das unidades de saúde em Portugal, através da qualidade dos cuidados prestados exigidos aos profissionais de hoje. Auditorias, monitorizações, planos demonstrativos confirmam o peso que os enfermeiros têm na coordenação das instituições, por forma a garantir uma melhoria continua dos cuidados prestados. Percebemos que, em cada passo ou etapa do processo, seria importante a opinião formada daqueles que diariamente colocam em prática o seu saber. Muito haveria para abordar em relação às melhores condições /estrutura/ organização de um bloco operatório, no entanto considero essencial debruçarmo-nos sobre a mais valia da participação do enfermeiro perioperatorio na equipa de projeto. Também julgo importante, salvaguardar que este trabalho não pretender resumir ou criticar o esforço realizado na melhoria das condições dos blocos operatórios, mas sim contribuir para o seu progresso, no que respeita à funcionalidade e rentabilidade preservando a biocontaminação. O tratamento destes assuntos deve fazer sentido para todas as partes envolventes do processo. Os blocos operatórios representam, por si só, custos fixos elevados, devido às instalações e equipamentos específicos altamente complexos, bem como ao numero de profissionais especializados necessários para o seu funcionamento. Tenho a certeza que o nosso contributo e proactividade elevava a qualidade dos cuidados que prestamos no perioperatorio e a qualidade global da prestação de cuidados de saúde. Os trabalhos realizados pela ACSS, associações de enfermeiros perioperatório, arquitetos e tantos outros, contribuíram com esforço e dedicação para chegar onde estamos hoje. Mas este patamar de excelência que queremos como enfermeiros perioperatórios exige-nos um papel mais ativo, com uma intervenção ao nível do projeto. Porque o futuro também somos nós!

A segurança contra incêndio em uma abordagem para edificações históricas: proposta de reuso para o antigo Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo

O seguinte trabalho apresenta como tema a segurança contra incêndio aplicada a uma edificação de interesse histórico, sendo proposto o anteprojeto arquitetônico de reuso do antigo Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo, localizado na cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, como pano de fundo para esta discussão. A proposta arquitetônica contempla a instalação do Centro de Extensão, Cidadania e Cultura da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte na referida edificação e, partiu de uma demanda real da instituição que na data da pesquisa desenvolvia o mesmo projeto em seu âmbito técnico-administrativo. No desenvolvimento do trabalho é proposto a aplicação da legislação local de proteção e combate contra incêndio e também a análise de risco de incêndio proposta pela metodologia do Programa Monumenta, a qual é adotada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) através dos seus Cadernos Técnicos. As duas questões apresentadas se diferem por se tratar a primeira de um modelo tradicional e prescritivo (aplicação estrita da lei), e a segunda de um modelo não prescritivo que procura critérios de desempenho da edificação para elencar as medidas de proteção a serem adotadas, portanto, o trabalho procura abranger na situação de projeto proposta tanto as questões legais, como também considerando o real risco que a edificação apresenta (de acordo com a metodologia escolhida). Estes riscos, no caso de prédios históricos, podem ser maiores que os normalmente associado as edificações contemporâneas devido a uma série de fatores, tais como a baixa compartimentação, falta de proteção passiva, uso de materiais com maior poder de combustão e adaptações diversas decorrente dos usos que a edificação apresentou ao longo de seu tempo. Após esta análise de risco será desenvolvido tanto o anteprojeto arquitetônico como o projeto básico de combate contra incêndio, em consonância com as interferências e demandas geradas pela questão da segurança contra incêndio e pânico na edificação de interesse patrimonial.

Recanto do vale do pium: condomínio de habitações com ênfase no baixo impacto ambiental e no desempenho térmico do ambiente construído

This work describes the design process of a small recreational gated community in Pium, Nísia Floresta/RN, from concept to final design stages, with emphasis on low environmental impact, thermal comfort and the spatial quality of housing. The process consisted in a review of the literature and relevant standards, studies of design references and architectural programming. The project development was initially focused on the project’s feasibility, with the definition of the number of units, implantation, size and location of the dwellings and the common areas of the development. Two types of houses (four low rise and five duplex units) have been proposed in order to attend the premises of architectural programming. The conception of the architectural design began with the rooms’ zoning according to the lots. This resulted in the pre-selection of three alternatives that were evaluated in terms of spatial quality and environmental performance. The development of sketches focused on the envelope consistent with the bioclimatic guidelines and on the language of the compatible proposal with the lowest possible environmental impact of the building system, which resulted in the selection of the eucalyptus wood type. During the working drawings, the Quality Technical Regulation for the Level of Energy Efficiency Residential Buildings (RTQ -R) was adopted for the evaluation of the envelope, which resulted in "B" level of efficiency for the first case. After minor adjustments, mainly in frames, the efficiency level rose to "A", demonstrating that early project decisions contributed to the envelope energy performance. Besides the design of the two types of units, the final proposal of the gated community includes the design of the equipment for the common areas (entrance, multipurpose room and support and service sector), and the descriptive texts explaining the project and construction’s details.

Repercussão da integração de conteúdos das disciplinas nos trabalhos finais de graduação de CAU-UFRN (2003 a 2010)

The changes in the teaching of Architecture in Brazilian Universities, from the 1990s onwards, with the upgrading of the Architecture project as an object of research and scientific knowledge and more specifically, the adoption by the Architecture and Urbanism Course (CAU) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) of the principle of content integration of the disciplines, aroused the interest in research on issues related to the Design process and the teaching of design in this context. After 20 years of its implementation and recognized as being a major step forward in teaching the teaching/learning process, the integration is the central focus of this research, which will seek to identify changes in the teaching design and its refutation in projects developed by students at the end of their course. In general, it is understood that the need to integrate knowledge from diverse areas of Architect’s professional activity, who seeks through an exercise of summary, identify solutions to the issues involved in a project. On the assumption that the integration of content of disciplines fosters the teaching/learning of Architecture project, which can be evident in the Final Course Assignment (FCA), it becomes necessary to understand, in the light of theories of education, such as the principles of curriculum organization, such as interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and transversality are related to the term integration, is more understood and disseminated among the professors of the Architecture courses. The object of this study is consequently the relationship between the integration of subject content and Architecture projects developed by students from CAU-UFRN, in the context of Final Graduation projects (FCAs) completed in the period of duration of the Teaching Project A5-from 2003. The study has the main objective of investigating to what extent the integration of disciplinary content affects the development of the Final Assignment of UFRN, from the analysis of drawings and texts of the projects of the learners and the testimonies of teachers and undergraduate students. From a methodological point of view, the research “Architecture, Project and Knowledge Production: Academic Production – FCAs, Thesis and dissertations in PA/Brazil” carried out by the PROJETAR/UFRN team has been adopted as the basis for the construction of the analytical instruments. In order to identify aspects of their experience by various actors which were not recorded in FCA, electronic forms were applied between teachers and students, through the internet. The integration of subject content based Teaching Project of CAU-UFRN institutionalises the interdisciplinarity, organizing the curriculum by thematic semesters, in which the disciplines work the same focus and at the same site. The integrated work which derives from there tries to articulate the content of each discipline of the period and represents a general practice and has been evaluated by teachers and students, and considered as a facilitator of the teaching/learning process. The analysis of the data collected from the textual content and graphic of the sample of FCAs of CAU-UFRN suggests that the content of the various areas of knowledge are assimilated by the student and used as a resource for the design and development of Architecture projects. In other words, there is in the end product of the students record of the integration of content, whether in speech or in drawing, reaffirming the importance of the convergence of various knowledge in the Architectonic project. However, the integration of content from the point of view of their articulation and operationalization, which involves teachers and students in the same period, has as a condition sine qua non for the success of this educational principle, the provision of these to work as part of a team, for the dialogic practice, which creates areas of intersection not only between disciplines, but between the knowledge of each of the participants.

O registro de procedimentos metodológicos em projetos de intervenção arquitetônica no patrimônio edificado: o caso de Natal-RN

In the midst of growing preservationist awareness, regarding methods of architectural intervention of buildings with a recognized heritage value, there are numerous approaches on how the original heritage value can be protected. However, can these intervention projects be differentiated? Is it possible to identify how they differ (if in fact they do) from an architectural project not related to preservation? Although there are numerous theoretical studies regarding methods utilized in architectonical projects, there appear to be a lack of studies focused on an architectural intervention exclusively focused on areas or edifications that have a recognized heritage value, thereby requiring a reflection on which methodological procedures in an architectonical project serve the purpose of the preservation of the historical aspects. This discussion is of even greater importance because, at the national level, some recent discussions on this type of architectural design seem arbitrary and lack methodological rigor. Therefore, this research attempts to focus equally on the theoretical-methodological practices of preservation as well as the architectural project methods. In an attempt to address these aspects, the focus of this research centers on the case studies of the intervention projects of the maritime passenger terminal of Natal (Terminal Marítimo de Passageriros de Natal), the old government hall (Palacio do Governo - EDTAM) and the old central hotel (Hotel Central) which are situated in the area known as the historic downtown of the city of Natal, within the federal heritage protection polygon. The analyses of these is intended to identify what methodological procedures were recorded in the final product (in the graphical representation of the architectural design and other documents) delivered to IPHAN / RN, the body responsible for review and approval of these architectural projects, noting whether such procedures appear, in some way, in the final product, and if an understanding of the complexity of preservation is evident. The analyses of these projects corroborate the hypothesis that there are unique characteristics, which must be addressed in the intervention project for preservation when compared to new project design. The main characteristic to be addressed is related to the very nature of the project. It is inherent in the dialectical relationship between the need to preserve (the identified heritage values) and the need to modernize (making adaptations to contemporary life). This relationship, denominated in this dissertation as "radical restraint", must, or at least should, guide the actions in the project as well as the technical analyses of the preservationist organization. However, this radical restriction appears more evident in the guidelines put forth by legislators than in the decisions of designers. These legislators require the presentation of documents, aimed at identifying and contextualizing intervention (Ordinance No. 420 of December 22, 2010), that grant (or should grant) assistance in the decision making process. It was evident in the analyses of these documents that there existed a disconnect between the documents produced and the decisions made in the project. This fact can be seen in the total absence of dialogue about theoretical-methodological preservationist principles, which, in our view, is an essential element of the methodological procedures of the intervention project needed to guide the legislative and project design discussions.

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

A influência de decisões arquitetônicas na eficiência energética do Campus vol. 1/UFRN

Building design is an effective way to achieve HVAC energy consumption reduction. However, this potentiality is often neglected by architects due to the lack of references to support design decisions. This works intends to propose architectural design guidelines for energy efficiency and thermal performance of Campus/UFRN buildings. These guidelines are based on computer simulations results using the software DesignBuilder. The definition of simulation models has begun with envelope variables, partially done after a field study of thirteen buildings at UFRN/Campus. This field study indicated some basic envelope patterns that were applied in simulation models. Occupation variables were identified with temperature and energy consumption monitoring procedures and a verification of illumination and equipment power, both developed at the Campus/UFRN administration building. Three simulation models were proposed according to different design phases and decisions. The first model represents early design decisions, simulating the combination of different types of geometry with three levels of envelope thermal performance. The second model, still as a part of early design phase, analyses thermal changes between circulation halls lateral and central and office rooms, as well as the heat fluxes and monthly temperatures in each circulation hall. The third model analyses the influence of middle-design and detail design decisions on energy consumption and thermal performance. In this model, different solutions of roofs, shading devices, walls and external colors were simulated. The results of all simulation models suggest a high influence of thermal loads due to the incidence of solar radiation on windows and surfaces, which highlights the importance of window shading devices, office room orientation and absorptance of roof and walls surfaces

Saudosa Maloca, Maloca querida: um estudo morfológico da relação forma/usos do espaço em moradias autoconstruídas e construídas pelo poder público após um ano de ocupação

This study intends to enhance the existing knowledge concerning the patterns of the uses of space for low cost housing in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, by way of comparative morphological studies in spatial arrangements and articulations regarding three distinct, however inter-related, sets of social housing: (1) a development comprising 21 self-built houses erected on public routes and illegal plots within a tract of land originally designed to be an industrial development: (2) architect-designed houses built by the public authority in order to accommodate the previous 21 (plus a few additions) families occupying the self-built dwellings, and (3) modifications performed by dwellers on a total of those 24 houses built by the public authority after an occupation period of one year. The predominant uses of each room within the self-built and modified houses were represented in ground plan, based on empirical observation, surveys with dwellers and the use of analytical procedures of morphologic analysis of nature predominantly geometric (specific) and topology (space syntax analysis). A scale of priorities was identified in relation to the uses of each room, its geometrical arrangement (adjacency, front/back relations etc), and underlying structures (connectivity, depth and spatial integration) in order to establish congruencies and non-congruencies between a social-cultural order embedded in the self-built domestic space and the design logic contained in the houses offered by official agencies. The comparative analysis points towards the convivial existence of two tendencies: one that seems to reinforce a design logic inasmuch as the additions and modifications performed by the dwellers do not alter but even emphasize the original configuration of the designed houses, and another one in which those patterns are subverted in accordance with a logic which, to a lesser or greater degree, coincides with that of the self-built dwellings

UBS RN-7: proposta arquitetônica para um padrão flexível de unidade básica de saúde para a zona bioclimática 7 do RN, com ênfase na sustentabilidade ambiental

Standardization and sustainability: these two apparently antagonistic words find the challenge of uniting in a flexible architectonic proposal. This was the idea that motivated the proposal of this assignment, whose appearing is bound up with the necessity of thinking about standardized spaces that attend on functional criterias and environmental sustainability, in reply to an existing real demand. The assignment consists of an architectonic proposal for a flexible standard of a Basic Unit of Health for the bioclimatic zone 7 of RN (UBS RN-7), with emphasis in the environmental sustainability. The project contemplates innumerable involved variables, such as: obedience to the current law of the Health Ministry for the UBSs; formal/aesthetic aspects; criterias of expansiveness of the UBS I for the UBS II; relative aspects to the constructive rationality and, mainly, sustainability aspects. With the intention to unite the variables and, also, glimpsing a proposal that could reach a good functional performance, aesthetic, of environment comfort and energetic efficiency, it was also necessary to consider concepts about the flexibility of the envelopment. The elaboration of the architecture first draft was based on bibliographical research, conceptual studies and references, elaboration of the architectonic program and the draft development for the UBS port I and the UBS port II. To the end, an implantation data sheet for the project is proposed for the UBS standard project, where strategies of thermal isolation, shadowing and thermal inertia are adopted and combined to three possible types of lot, resulting in 24 possibilities of implantation

Por uma moradia termicamente confortável: proposta de habitação de interesse social com ênfase no conforto térmico

This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.