The Logical Problem of Language Change

This paper considers the problem of language change. Linguists must explain not only how languages are learned but also how and why they have evolved along certain trajectories and not others. While the language learning problem has focused on the behavior of individuals and how they acquire a particular grammar from a class of grammars ${cal G}$, here we consider a population of such learners and investigate the emergent, global population characteristics of linguistic communities over several generations. We argue that language change follows logically from specific assumptions about grammatical theories and learning paradigms. In particular, we are able to transform parameterized theories and memoryless acquisition algorithms into grammatical dynamical systems, whose evolution depicts a population's evolving linguistic composition. We investigate the linguistic and computational consequences of this model, showing that the formalization allows one to ask questions about diachronic that one otherwise could not ask, such as the effect of varying initial conditions on the resulting diachronic trajectories. From a more programmatic perspective, we give an example of how the dynamical system model for language change can serve as a way to distinguish among alternative grammatical theories, introducing a formal diachronic adequacy criterion for linguistic theories.

The acquisition of expository uses of language

Objective: This study offers a description of the kinds of linguistic aids offered by adults while giving explanations to young children about different issues. During the midst of these conversations children have several opportunities to learn, not only from objects and events, but also from the utterances used to refer to them, learning how realities are named after, and in many cases, how to participate in them. Methodology: Through the analysis of eleven minutes of interaction between young child and his maternal grandparents. Results: Adults offers young child different discursive ways for helping him to add information, organize and clarify the topic that he is talking about. Conclusions: The results allow to identify different ways that the adults use for helping young child to improve his explanations.

Towards an interface of language and literature. 'Hacia una interfaz de la Lengua y la Literatura'.

Se analiza la conveniencia de usar textos simplificados o en su formato original para propositos pedagógicos dentro de la enseñanza de la segunda lengua. El autor considera que ambas clases de textos (simplificados u originales) pueden formar el nivel intermedio de aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras.

Games for language learning.

Edición revisada respecto de la de 1979, con la inclusión de nuevos juegos y con una nueva estructura que permite a los atareados profesores encontrar y seleccionar con facilidad las actividades más adecuadas para sus clases. Esta dividido en capítulos con ejemplos para practicar las distintas habilidades del lenguaje: hablar, escuchar, escribir y leer, así como, también, para enseñar, vocabulario, ortografía y gramática. El último capítulo se dedica solo a los juegos y sus hojas pueden fotocopiarse. Estas actividades se aplican a cualquier etapa del proceso de aprendizaje, se integran sin problemas en los cursos vigentes y los profesores pueden adaptarlas a distintos niveles.

Supporting children with speech and language impairment and associated difficulties : suggestions for supporting the development of language, listening, behavior and co-ordination skills.

Este recurso describe cómo una proporción significativa de niños en edad escolar tienen dificultades en el habla y cómo éstas afectan negativamente en su aprendizaje, tanto en entornos especializados como en generales. En él se esbozan las principales áreas de dificultad para los alumnos, y sugiere cómo los profesores pueden hacer que el programa sea más accesible para facilitar el aprendizaje. Se tratan el lenguaje expresivo, el lenguaje receptivo, el uso social del lenguaje y dificultades en el desarrollo de la coordinación, así como temas específicos como el plan de estudios de inglés, matemáticas y ciencias. A lo largo de la publicación hay información e ideas para apoyar a estos alumnos, y una amplia selección de sugerencias de buenas prácticas. Se incluye un programa de habilidades motoras, rimas para la producción del habla, trabajo de memoria, y páginas fotocopiables de diccionario.

Are discourse comprehension and cognitive processes influenced by the type of language language (English and Spanish)? A cross-language study based on elaborative inferences generation

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Usefulness of the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, third edition, in the early diagnosis of language disorder

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Connectivity of BA46 involvement in the executive control of language

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

The clinical evaluation of language functions (CELF): its applicability for hearing-impaired children

This paper discusses the diagnostic battery of the CELF in terms of construct validity and in administration of subtests.

The development of language and communicative behaviors in deaf/hearing twins

This paper examines language development in twins--one that is hearing and the other that is hearing impaired.

Validation of the Rhode Island Test of Language Structure with orally educated hearing-impaired students

This paper examines the Rhode Island Test of Language Structures (RITLS) and its measurement of the comprehension of syntax, and the relationship of this comprehension to the use of syntax in the production of spoken English by orally educated hearing-impaired students.

Effective parenting in terms of language development

This paper discusses means of providing extra support for parents of newly diagnosed hearing impaired children to help with language development.

The relationship of language development to theory of mind understanding in young deaf children

This paper studies cognitive development in young deaf children, specifically Theory of Mind development and its link to language abilities.