Igreja N. Sra. da Santa Cruz dos Militares

O desenho do frontispício apresenta monumentalidade pela proporção dos cinco tramos no primeiro pavimento e três no segundo encimado por um triângulo frontão com uma cruz sobre o acrotério na parte central. A horizontalidade advém das duas volutas laterais sobre o entalhamento das portas que dão acesso aos corredores. O corpo da igreja tem uma porta central ladeada por nichos e o pórtico com colunas em pedra com capitéis jônicos são de mármore. Unindo a sacada e janelas do coro há quatro nichos para os santos evangelistas. Mestre Valentim que lá trabalhou entre 1805 a 1811, esculpiu dois deles em cedro: São Mateus e São João, recolhidos atualmente no Museu Histórico e Nacional. As quatro esculturas em mármore de Carrara nos atuais nichos são do escultor acadêmico Jean-Louis Despré, vindas da Itália em 1926. Internamente a surpresa está na alvura da ornamentação, com o mínimo de policromia e mesmo douramento, permitindo que a rica talha rococó se revele aos pouco a partir da capela-mor, obra de mestre Valentim. Na entrada, o arco ornamentado que sustenta o coro é surpreendente pelas guirlandas e buquês de flores que se adensam até quase a altura dos olhos emoldurando toda a nave com relevos simbólicos cristãos e maçônicos, típicos do Iluminismo.

Everything in di Dark Muss Come to Light: A Postcolonial Investigation of the Practice of Extra Lessons at the Secondary Level in Jamaica's Education System

Despite the vast research examining the evolution of Caribbean education systems, little is chronologically tied to the postcolonial theoretical perspectives of specific island-state systems, such as the Jamaican education system and its relationship with the underground shadow education system. This dissertation study sought to address the gaps in the literature by critically positioning postcolonial theories in education to examine the macro- and micro-level impacts of extra lessons on secondary education in Jamaica. The following postcolonial theoretical (PCT) tenets in education were contextualized from a review of the literature: (a) PCT in education uses colonial discourse analysis to critically deconstruct and decolonize imperialistic and colonial representations of knowledge throughout history; (b) PCT in education uses an anti-colonial discursive framework to re-position indigenous knowledge in schools, colleges, and universities to challenge hegemonic knowledge; (c) PCT in education involves the "unlearning" of dominant, normative ideologies, the use of self-reflexivity, and deconstruction; and (d) PCT in education calls for critical pedagogical approaches that reject the banking concept of education and introduces inclusive pedagogy to facilitate "the passage from naïve to critical transitivity" (Freire, 1973, p. 32). Specifically, using a transformative mixed-methods design, grounded and informed by a postcolonial theoretical lens, I quantitatively uncovered and then qualitatively highlighted how if at all extra lessons can improve educational outcomes for students at the secondary level in Jamaica. Accordingly, the quantitative data was used to test the hypotheses that the practice of extra lessons in schools is related to student academic achievement and the practice of critical-inclusive pedagogy in extra lessons is related to academic achievement. The two-level hierarchical linear model analysis revealed that hours spent in extra lessons, average household monthly income, and critical-inclusive pedagogical tents were the best predictors for academic achievement. Alternatively, the holistic multi-case study explored how extra-lessons produces increased academic achievement. The data revealed new ways of knowledge construction and critical pedagogical approaches to galvanize systemic change in secondary education. Furthermore, the data showed that extra lessons can improve educational outcomes for students at the secondary level if the conditions for learning are met. This study sets the stage for new forms of knowledge construction and implications for policy change.

Intercultural Communication Between Forensic and Clinical Psychologists

While working in clinical and forensic psychology settings, a communication difficulty between the two professions became apparent. Forensic psychologists often appeared cold and callous from the clinical psychologist’s perspective, while clinical psychologists often appeared naïve or too client centered from the forensic psychologist’s perspective. I wondered if viewing each subfield of psychology as a culture could facilitate better communication through intercultural communication. Guided by Intercultural Communication in Contexts (Martin & Nakayama, 2010) in approaching intercultural communication between the two professions, I explored factors contributing to each profession’s cultural identities. Once this was established, I attempted to explore the different ways each culture could communicate more effectively. By recognizing and utilizing the strengths from each profession and understanding the possible pitfalls of one’s own, we may become competent in intercultural communication

Arteriosclerosis carotídea subclínica en pacientes con infección por VIH: relación con el tratamiento antirretroviral

La infección por VIH asocia un riesgo cardiovascular elevado por elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en esta población, por la propia infección por VIH y por las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la propia infección por VIH y al tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR). La arteriosclerosis carotídea subclínica es un reconocido marcador de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal incluyendo varones no diabéticos con infección por VIH a partir de 18 años, clasificados de acuerdo al grupo de tratamiento: grupo Naïve y grupo en TAR. Los pacientes del grupo TAR se dividían en grupo IP, tratado con inhibidores de la proteasa (IP) y grupo NN, grupo tratado con inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no análogos de nucleósidos que nunca estuvo expuesto a IP. Los dos grupos en TAR estaban en tratamiento con inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa análogos de nucleósidos. Se evaluó por ecografía la presencia de arteriosclerosis carotídea subclínica, como aumento del grosor de íntima media (GIM) y presencia de placa carotídea, y se observó la relación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólicos y su relación con el TAR. Resultados: Se incluyeron 93 varones con edad media 42,2 ± 8,2 años, mediana de tiempo de infección por VIH 6,6[2,9-12,4] años, mediana del tiempo total de exposición a TAR 59 [33-104,5] meses. El grupo naïve lo constituían 16 pacientes y el grupo en TAR 77 pacientes: 37 en el grupo NN y 40 en el grupo IP. Las variables asociadas de forma significativa a GIM máximo y medio en ACC fueron la edad, los años/paquete, la obesidad, la hiperglucemia basal en ayunas, HbA1c, los índices de insulinresistencia, la escala de Framingham, los años de evolución de la infección por VIH. El GIM medio se asoció de forma proporcional a presencia de síndrome metabólico, niveles de proteína C reactiva ultrasensible e insuficiencia de vitamina D e inversamente proporcional a la carga viral...

La restauración de la iglesia de San Sebastián, Orihuela (Alicante)

En esta comunicación se presentan los estudios previos y las intervenciones realizadas en la iglesia de San Sebastián de Orihuela, Alicante (España) con el fin de subsanar los problemas estructurales que presentaba, con múltiples grietas en arcos y bóvedas y eliminar la humedad presente en sus fábricas, además de las sales aportadas por el agua. En el estudio histórico y arquitectónico se ha comprobado que la iglesia se construyó sobre una ermita gótica y se finalizó en 1743 pero ha sufrido numerosas intervenciones. Es una iglesia de nave única con capillas laterales cubierta mediante bóvedas. Su fachada y las pilastras interiores son de piedra vista. Para el diagnóstico se han empleado diversas técnicas (ultrasonidos, higrómetro…) que han permitido deducir las causas de las lesiones. Las intervenciones se han dirigido a reforzar la estructura mediante cosidos e inyecciones, así como a ventilar la base mediante un forjado sanitario. También se ha saneado la piedra vista, tanto en interior como en fachada y se han sacado a la luz los arcos de piedra ocultos bajo un estucado. También se han restaurado los restos arqueológicos de época gótica.

Contenidos transmedia de las teleseries españolas: clasificación, análisis y panorama en 2013

En este artículo analizamos los contenidos transmedia que tienen como “nave nodriza” las series programadas por las cadenas de televisión tanto nacionales (La 1, Antena 3, Telecinco) como autonómicas (TV3, ETB, TVG, Canal Sur) con producción propia y de estreno en 2013. Son en total 33 títulos, entre los que se encuentran Aída, Frágiles, La que se avecina (Telecinco); El barco, Bandolera, Amar es para siempre, El tiempo entre costuras (Antena 3); Cuéntame, Gran Reserva, Isabel, Águila Roja (La 1), La riera, Polseres vermelles (TV3); DHB, Goenkale (ETB); Matalobos, Padre Casares (TVG) y Arrayán y Flamán (Canal Sur). Hacemos un repaso de los sites de las series, donde se concentran los contenidos transmedia, y proponemos una clasificación de la gran variedad de formatos encontrados, recurriendo a las distintas categorías de touchpoints que permiten el contacto del receptor con la narración televisiva fuera de la pequeña pantalla. Los resultados apuntan a una presencia abrumadora de los contenidos reenvasados o adaptados al nuevo medio o plataforma y a una escasa todavía expansión transmedial con contenidos inéditos, diferenciados por medio y narrativamente relevantes.

Cabecera cuadrada renacentista con bóveda pseudo-esférica cruzada en la iglesia Santiago de Orihuela (Alicante)

Jerónimo Quijano fue uno de los ilustres arquitectos destacados del Renacimiento pleno en España. Su obra, la iglesia de Santiago en Orihuela -Alicante- posee una Capilla Mayor renacentista, de carácter funerario, de planta central y adosada a una nave gótica. Destaca su bóveda superior de 4 pares de arcos entrecruzados y revirados. Al ser dobles se reduce la superficie central de plementería y se gana en resistencia. Es de complicada geometría esférica y cuadrada a la vez: bóveda pseudo-vaída (esférica solo hasta los arcos exteriores) y plementería lateral adaptándose a la planta cuadrada. Supone la fusión de la antigüedad clásica con la tradición hispanomusulmana. Como referencia, se estudia sucintamente la Capilla Benavides en Baeza - Jaén-, obra de Andrés de Vandelvira e incluida en el tratado de arquitectura de su hijo Alonso, la cual plantea un gran espacio cuadrado cubierto por una bóveda vaída y reforzada por 4 arcos entrecruzados.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis follow up along 10 years

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Efavirenz versus Nevirapina : comparação da efectividade e do perfil de segurança, a longo prazo, no tratamento da infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1

Tese de mestrado, Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2016

Imunosenescência

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Characterization of B cells in healthy pregnant women from late pregnancy to post-partum: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND: B cells play a role in pregnancy due to their humoral and regulatory activities. To our knowledge, different maturational stages (from transitional to memory) of circulating B cell subsets have not yet been characterized (cell quantification and phenotype identification) in healthy pregnant women. Thus, the objective of our study was to characterize these subsets (as well as regulatory B cells) from late pregnancy to post-partum and to compare them with the circulating B cells of non-pregnant women. METHODS: In all of the enrolled women, flow cytometry was used to characterize the circulating B cell subsets according to the expression of IgD and CD38 (Bm1-Bm5 classification system). Regulatory B cells were characterized based on the expression of surface antigens (CD24, CD27, and CD38) and the production of IL-10 after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. RESULTS: Compared to the absolute counts of B cells in the non-pregnant women (n = 35), those in the pregnant women (n = 43) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day (immediately after delivery). The percentages of these cells on delivery day and at post-partum were significantly lower than those in the non-pregnant women. In general, the absolute counts and percentages of the majority of the B cell subsets were significantly lower in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women. However, these counts and percentages did not differ significantly between the post-partum and the non-pregnant women. The most notable exceptions to the above were the percentages of naïve B cells (which were significantly higher in the 3rd trimester and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women) and of CD24(hi)CD38(hi) regulatory B cells (which were significantly higher in the post-partum than in the non-pregnant women). CONCLUSION: According to our study, the peripheral B cell compartment undergoes quantitative changes during normal late pregnancy and post-partum. Such findings may allow us to better understand immunomodulation during human pregnancy and provide evidence that could aid in the development of new strategies to diagnose and treat pregnancy-associated disturbances. Our findings could also be useful for studies of the mechanisms of maternal responses to vaccination and infection.

Characterization of B cells in healthy pregnant women from late pregnancy to post-partum: a prospective observational study

Abstract BACKGROUND: B cells play a role in pregnancy due to their humoral and regulatory activities. To our knowledge, different maturational stages (from transitional to memory) of circulating B cell subsets have not yet been characterized (cell quantification and phenotype identification) in healthy pregnant women. Thus, the objective of our study was to characterize these subsets (as well as regulatory B cells) from late pregnancy to post-partum and to compare them with the circulating B cells of non-pregnant women. METHODS: In all of the enrolled women, flow cytometry was used to characterize the circulating B cell subsets according to the expression of IgD and CD38 (Bm1-Bm5 classification system). Regulatory B cells were characterized based on the expression of surface antigens (CD24, CD27, and CD38) and the production of IL-10 after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. RESULTS: Compared to the absolute counts of B cells in the non-pregnant women (n = 35), those in the pregnant women (n = 43) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day (immediately after delivery). The percentages of these cells on delivery day and at post-partum were significantly lower than those in the non-pregnant women. In general, the absolute counts and percentages of the majority of the B cell subsets were significantly lower in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women. However, these counts and percentages did not differ significantly between the post-partum and the non-pregnant women. The most notable exceptions to the above were the percentages of naïve B cells (which were significantly higher in the 3rd trimester and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women) and of CD24(hi)CD38(hi) regulatory B cells (which were significantly higher in the post-partum than in the non-pregnant women). CONCLUSION: According to our study, the peripheral B cell compartment undergoes quantitative changes during normal late pregnancy and post-partum. Such findings may allow us to better understand immunomodulation during human pregnancy and provide evidence that could aid in the development of new strategies to diagnose and treat pregnancy-associated disturbances. Our findings could also be useful for studies of the mechanisms of maternal responses to vaccination and infection.

Vaccines against neosporosis: what can we learn from the past studies?

Neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite, which is a leading cause of abortion in cattle; thus neosporosis represents an important veterinary health problem and is of high economic significance. The parasite can infect cattle via trans-placental transmission from an infected cow to its fetus (vertical transmission), or through the oral route via ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts that were previously shed with the feces of a canid definitive host (horizontal transmission). Although vaccination was considered a rational strategy to prevent bovine neosporosis, the only commercialized vaccine (Neoguard®) produced ambiguous results with relatively low efficacy, and was recently removed from the market. Therefore, there is a need to develop an efficient vaccine capable of preventing both, the horizontal transmission through infected food or water to a naïve animal as well as the vertical transmission from infected but clinically asymptomatic dams to the fetus. Different vaccine strategies have been investigated, including the use of live attenuated vaccines, killed parasite lysates, total antigens or antigen fractions from killed parasites, and subunit vaccines. The vast majority of experimental studies were performed in mice, and to a certain extent in gerbils, but there is also a large number of investigations that were conducted in cattle and sheep. However, it is difficult to directly compare these studies due to the high variability of the parameters employed. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances made in vaccine development against N. caninum in cattle and in mice and highlight the most important factors, which are likely to influence the degree of protection mediated by vaccination.

N-terminal fusion of a toll-like receptor 2-ligand to a Neospora caninum chimeric antigen efficiently modifies the properties of the specific immune response

Immunoprophylactic products against neosporosis during pregnancy should induce an appropriately balanced immune response. In this respect, OprI, a bacterial lipoprotein targeting toll like receptor (TLR)2, provides promising adjuvant properties. We report on the manipulation of the innate and the T-cell immune response through the fusion of OprI with the Neospora caninum chimeric protein Mic3-1-R. In contrast to Mic3-1-R, OprI-MIC3-1-R significantly activated bone-marrow dendritic cells from naïve mice. Mice immunized with OprI-Mic3-1-R induced an immune response with mixed T helper (Th)1 and Th2 properties (high levels of both immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2a and of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12(p70) and interferon-γ responses) whereas Mic3-1-R+saponin induced a clear Th2-biased response (low IgG2a and high IL-4 and IL-10). After mating and challenge with N. caninum, increased expression of interferon-γ was only found in placentas from OprI-Mic3-1-R immunized dams. However, no protection against vertical transmission and neonatal mortality was observed in either of the two groups. These results indicated that more exhaustive studies must be done to elucidate the immune mechanisms associated with transplacental transmission. Antigen linkage to TLR2-ligands, such as OprI, is a useful tool to investigate this enigma by reorienting the innate and adaptive immune responses against other candidate antigens in future studies.

Successful prevention of transmission of integrase resistance in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Prevalence of integrase inhibitor (INSTI) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) may increase with the increasing use of INSTIs. We analysed the prevalence of INSTI TDR in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (2008-2014). In 1 of 1,316 (0.1%) drug-naïve samples a major INSTI TDR mutation was detected. Prevalence was stable although INSTIs were increasingly used. We showed that this is in contrast to the introduction of previous drug classes where more treatment failures with resistant strains occurred and TDR was observed more rapidly. We demonstrated on a population-level that it is possible to avoid TDR affecting a new drug class for years.