Spacecraft.

Esboza las principales características y los usos apropiados de las naves espaciales como forma de transporte contestando preguntas como qué es una nave espacial, qué aspecto tiene, cómo eran hace tiempo, qué es un transbordador espacial, qué es una estación espacial. Diseñado para ayudar a concentrarse y aprendera formular las propias preguntas sobre el mundo que nos rodea. Tiene un glosario.

La universidad en la encrucijada : universidad dual o universidad democrática y de masas.

En la universidad clásica, tanto en España como en los países de Europa occidental, la función social más importante ha sido la educación especial de la élite administrativa político- jurídica y profesional en general y la reproducción social de esa clase privilegiada. Con independencia de la adecuación escrita de sus contenidos curriculares siempre estuvo orientada hacia las profesiones superiores. Los títulos y los diplomas de estas facultades garantizaban el acceso profesional a los mejores puestos de la administración pública y se valoraban muy bien en el mercado de trabajo. pero, con la masificación de la actual universidad, se ha producido un desajuste estructural entre la enseñanza superior y el empleo público, en general y, también una desestabilización de la relación tradicional entre las cualificaciones académicas en las carreras universitarias tradicionales y el empleo privilegiado; en segundo lugar, la transición a una economía de alta tecnología, hace que las políticas universitarias de los gobiernos europeos estén reconsiderando las funciones de la universidad, con una orientación netamente tecnocrática y utilitarista. En el caso de España faltan las investigaciones sociológicas para saber a que atenerse. Pero todo apunta hacia el desarrollo de dos transformaciones fundamentales: por un lado, la constitución de un dualismo universitario que tiende a resolverse con dos tipos de universidades diferentes, una de élites, privada y pública con salida profesional más fácil y acceso a los mejores empleos, para la minoría que dispone del capital económico, social y cultural suficiente; y en una universidad pública, masificada, para la mayoría, con una salida laboral bastante más difícil y a las ocupaciones medias, para la mujer y los otros estudiantes en general. Pero a esto hay que añadir, además, la reorientación tecnológica utilitarista gubernamental, creciente de la nueva universidad de élites y de la universidad en general. En la universidad privada se da un predominio claro de las enseñanzas tradicionales: ciencias sociales y jurídicas, medicina e incluso humanidades. En cambio, las carreras técnicas correspondientes a las escalas técnicas tradicionales y a los nuevos estudios neoprofesionales superiores se estudian en la universidad pública..de ahí la insistencia, por parte de los responsables gubernamentales de la política universitaria, de la necesidad de incrementar la oferta de titulaciones científicas y técnicas y, de adaptar la oferta profesional a la demanda del mercado. Además, también se desprende una demanda de educación superior que no se corresponde ni con las previsiones realizadas, ni con la oferta universitaria, sino la jerarquización de las carrreras universitarias en función del precio de mercado de sus títulos, con la consiguiente dedicación de los mejores recursos humanos a determinadas carreras técnicas, la subvención pública de las carreras más rentables económicamente para los individuos que las cursan y la subordinación , en definitiva, del sistema universitario al mercado de trabajo. para terminar, hay que decir que la producción científica de la universidad ha mejorado notoriamente con el aumento de los recursos económicos y de los incentivos profesionales de la investigación, con independencia de lo positivo del éxito del plan I+D.

La ense??anza biling??e ingl??s-espa??ol en EE. UU. : un ejemplo de ense??anza dual en Iowa

Memoria de m??ster (Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2012)

La ense??anza de espa??ol en Estados Unidos dentro del Modelo de Inmersi??n Dual G??mez y G??mez

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Applicability of dual-route reading models to Spanish

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

A new all-round density functional based on spin states and SN2 barriers

We report here a new empirical density functional that is constructed based on the performance of OPBE and PBE for spin states and SN 2 reaction barriers and how these are affected by different regions of the reduced gradient expansion. In a previous study [Swart, Sol̀, and Bickelhaupt, J. Comput. Methods Sci. Eng. 9, 69 (2009)] we already reported how, by switching between OPBE and PBE, one could obtain both the good performance of OPBE for spin states and reaction barriers and that of PBE for weak interactions within one and the same (SSB-sw) functional. Here we fine tuned this functional and include a portion of the KT functional and Grimme's dispersion correction to account for π- π stacking. Our new SSB-D functional is found to be a clear improvement and functions very well for biological applications (hydrogen bonding, π -π stacking, spin-state splittings, accuracy of geometries, reaction barriers)

Social perception gaze patterns, symptom severity and resting brain function measured using Arterial Spin Labelling

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by qualitative alterations in reciprocal social interactions. Some recent studies show alterations in gaze patterns during social perception and rest-functional abnormalities in the ‘social brain network’. This study investigated: i) social perception gaze patterns in children with ASD and controls, ii) the relationship between autism clinical severity and social perception gaze patterns, iii) the relationship between resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and social perception gaze patterns. Methods: Nine children with ASD and 9 children with typical development were studied. Eye-tracking was used to detect gaze patterns during presentation of stimuli depicting social scenes. Autism clinical severity was established using the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R). Arterial spin labelling MRI was used to quantify rCBF. Results: The ASD group looked less at social regions and more at non-social regions than controls. No significant correlation was found between ASD clinical severity and social perception gaze patterns. In the ASD group, gaze behaviour was related to rCBF in the temporal lobe regions at trend level. Positive correlations were found between temporal rCBF and gaze to the face region, while negative correlations were found between temporal rCBF and gaze to non-social regions. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that social perception gaze patterns are altered in children with ASD, and could be related to temporal rCBF.

Biblioteca dual : de biblioteca escolar a biblioteca pública

Este trabalho de investigação assenta num estudo comparativo da realidade das Bibliotecas Escolares e das Bibliotecas Públicas, procurando quer os pontos de contacto, quer as divergências entre ambas. No âmbito da nova filosofia de edificação das bibliotecas construídas pela empresa pública Parque Escolar, EPE, prevê-se a implantação das mesmas junto à entrada das escolas, de forma a servir não só a população escolar, sua principal razão de ser, mas também facilitar a abertura à comunidade. Tendo em conta este duplo papel das bibliotecas, foram analisadas as implicações ao nível da Selecção, do Tratamento e da Difusão da Informação nas mesmas, bem como as políticas de funcionamento e os recursos humanos que a situação exige. O estudo desta nova realidade faz-se a partir da análise dos dois casos concretos de Bibliotecas Escolares duais, em funcionamento efectivo, em Portugal. Complementarmente, são também objecto de análise as directrizes nacionais e internacionais que sustentam o funcionamento das Bibliotecas Escolares e das Bibliotecas Públicas, procedendo-se ainda à investigação da existência deste tipo de realidade a nível internacional, como ponto de partida para comparativamente analisar a situação portuguesa, face à realidade internacional. A identificação de pontos fortes e de pontos fracos a nível nacional e internacional, permite perceber as implicações que esta política organizacional pressupõe, quer para os seus utilizadores, quer para os professores bibliotecários, quer para o eficaz funcionamento destas bibliotecas, que procuram cumprir um duplo papel de Biblioteca Escolar e de Biblioteca Pública.

The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Project

This paper reports on a new satellite sensor, the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) experiment. GERB is designed to make the first measurements of the Earth's radiation budget from geostationary orbit. Measurements at high absolute accuracy of the reflected sunlight from the Earth, and the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth are made every 15 min, with a spatial resolution at the subsatellite point of 44.6 km (north–south) by 39.3 km (east–west). With knowledge of the incoming solar constant, this gives the primary forcing and response components of the top-of-atmosphere radiation. The first GERB instrument is an instrument of opportunity on Meteosat-8, a new spin-stabilized spacecraft platform also carrying the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared (SEVIRI) sensor, which is currently positioned over the equator at 3.5°W. This overview of the project includes a description of the instrument design and its preflight and in-flight calibration. An evaluation of the instrument performance after its first year in orbit, including comparisons with data from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite sensors and with output from numerical models, are also presented. After a brief summary of the data processing system and data products, some of the scientific studies that are being undertaken using these early data are described. This marks the beginning of a decade or more of observations from GERB, as subsequent models will fly on each of the four Meteosat Second Generation satellites.

Dual citizenship or dual identity? Does 'transnationalism' supplant 'nationalism' among returning Trinidadians?

In this article we focus on the dual identities of relatively young Trinidadians who have decided to return to the island of their birth, or of their parents, while still in their thirties and forties. Highly-educated professional transnational migrants mostly make tip our sample of 36; 26 possess dual citizenship. We focus on our informants' narratives about their transnational experiences, self-appraisals of their dual identities and how they value dual citizenship. More generally, we ask does transnationalism supplant nationalism among our returning informants? Unsurprisingly, the diverse responses we document do not support the commonly held explanatory relationship between return adaptations, 'national belonging' and the expected dominance of 'transnational belonging'. Family, relations intervene significantly, both to encourage transnationalism and to strengthen nationalism. Feelings of notional belonging often accompany transnationalism. Notably, we view dual citizenship strategically and pragmatically as advantageous to the continuation of transnational practices.

Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in-situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes

We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO3-) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an in situ optical NO3- sensor and discrete sampling during a 5-day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO3- isotopes (delta N-15(NO3) and delta O-18(NO3)) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (delta O-18(DO)) were measured over 2 days to assess NO3- sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time-scales. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and delta O-18(DO) were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O-2 exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge. Surface water NO3- concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5-day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of delta N-15(NO3) and delta O-18(NO3) isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO3- variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO3- variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time-varying physical transport of NO3- from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River. The application of an in situ optical NO3- sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.