604 resultados para Membranas fetais
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Enquadramento: Com a redução global da mortalidade infantil no Brasil, o componente perinatal passou a exercer maior influência neste indicador, sendo necessário, portanto, um maior enfoque nas análises dessa componente. Objectivo: Levantar o perfil da mortalidade infantil e fetal e a evitabilidade destes óbitos, no município de Surubim, Pernambuco, no período de Junho de 2011 a Dezembro de 2014. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com enfoque descritivo, cuja a amostra foi de 56 óbitos investigados com base em 53 Fichas de Investigação da Secretaria de Saúde de Surubim. Este número corresponde a 66,66% dos casos entre 2011 e 2014 em fetos e menores de um ano, residentes de Surubim, Pernambuco. Utilizados como fontes de dados, os Bancos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) do Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS), ambos com boa cobertura e qualidade satisfatória das informações, e Fichas usadas pelo Grupo Técnico de Investigação do Óbito do Município. Resultados: Em 2011, 23 óbitos (11 fetais e 12 infantis), 07 investigados, 1 fetal e 6 infantis; em 2012, 26 óbitos (12 fetais e 14 infantis), 23 investigados, 9 fetais e 14 infantis; em 2013, 17 óbitos (11 fetais e 6 infantis), 14 investigados, 9 fetais e 5 infantis; e em 2014, 19 óbitos (7 fetais e 12 infantis), 12 investigados, 4 fetais e 8 infantis. A Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil e Fetal para o período foi de 13,8/1000nv e 12,6/1000nv(2011), 15/1000nv e 13/1000nv(2012), 7/1000nv e 12,7/1000nv(2013),13/1000nv e 8/1000nv(2014)nv. 60,61% dos óbitos fetais e 91,3% dos óbitos infantis foram por causas evitáveis. Inconclusivos 06, não evitáveis 02 fetais e 07 Infantis. Conclusão:Consideram-se necessárias mudanças no processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde, capacitação da equipe multidisciplinar na perspectiva de trabalho colaborativo de maior equidade e efetividade clínica de forma a dotar a assistência à mulher fértil, à mulher grávida, à puérpera,ao feto e ao recém-nascido,com vistas à redução da mortalidade infantil e neonatal precoce por causas evitáveis. Palavras-chave: mortalidade infantil, mortalidade neonatal precoce, evitabilidade.
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As coberturas são um elemento fundamental na maioria dos edifícios. A evolução das técnicas e dos materiais, e das exigências funcionais e arquitetónicas, permitiram o apareci-mento das coberturas planas. A evolução dos materiais e das técnicas fez também com que se começasse a ter em conta os impactes ambientais que a produção dos materiais a utilizar nos edifícios provocam. Nesta dissertação, pretende-se fazer uma comparação do ciclo de vida de várias soluções de impermeabilização que se pode utilizar em coberturas planas, a nível ambiental. Existem atualmente declarações ambientais que auxiliam essa comparação, nomeadamente as Declarações Ambientais de Produto (DAP) individuais ou médias, que podem ser encontradas em bases de dados a nível Europeu. No entanto, também é possível encontrar dados relevan-tes para este tipo de estudos em bases de dados genéricas. Depois de recolhidos os dados disponíveis, fez-se uma avaliação dos impactes ambientais de cada solução de impermeabilização. Teve-se em conta as categorias de impacte ambiental definidas e posteriormente tratou-se os dados das três categorias com mais relevância ambiental. Após a recolha dos custos dos vários tipos de material de impermeabilização, fez-se ainda a avaliação económica. Nesta fase, foi necessário ter em conta que cada membrana apresenta uma durabilidade diferenciada, obrigando a substituições em momentos diferentes. Utilizou-se o Valor Atualizado Líquido para prever o custo do ciclo de vida das membranas, incluindo os custos de aquisição, de aplicação e de substituição. Para finalizar, conciliou-se as avaliações ambiental e económica. Na vertente ambiental, teve-se em consideração apenas as duas categorias de impacte mais importante. Utilizando uma análise multicritério, foi possível ordenar as soluções de impermeabilização para cada tipologia de cobertura plana. No caso de estudo, propôs-se a aplicação da solução com melhor desempenho ambiental e económico, para determinado tipo de cobertura.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz
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Mode of access: Internet.
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The need to preserve the environment has led to the search for new materials for efficient disposal of chemical compounds that alter the stability of our natural resources. Among these resources, stands in first place the water, as a precious commodity and scarce, leading to the proper use and reuse. As a result, the World Health Organization has established maximum permissible values in drinking water, such as: 50 mg/L, 0, 1 mg/L and 0, 5 mg/L to at-3, at-2, NH 4, respectively. For these reasons, assesses the implementation of new materials and water treatment processes aiming at the removal of these compounds, such as alumina, in the form of powder or as a support for a catalytic system using inorganic membranes capable of supporting more severe conditions of temperature and pressure by opening new possibilities for applications of membrane reactors; and also for electrochemical treatments with doped diamond bobo electrodes (BDD) as anode and copper as cathode. For such purpose, was conducted the study of adsorption of nitrate in different times to assess the time required to achieve equilibrium by employing three commercial alumina called: acidic, basic and neutral alumina, with subsequent treatment only in the acidic alumina impregnating metals (PdCu/Al2O3) for the catalytic reaction. The materials were previously characterized by XRD, SEM techniques and ABET. Aluminas presented a considerable adsortive capacity of nitrate in the first thirty minutes, equivalent to 50% of removal reaching equilibrium in that time. After treatment, using alumina as catalyst for the reaction in batch reactor (Pd-Cu/Al2O3), the results were more favourable, totalling 64% reduction of ion NO3-at the end of three hours. On the other hand, the results for the catalytic reaction using the catalytic support Pd-Cu/TiO2 in membrane reactor proved to be low. -if, in this way, improve the conditions of catalytic system to optimize the process. Already, for the electrochemical tests using DDB1 electrodes as anode, and Cu, as cathode, there was a fairly significant nitrate reduction, approximately 80% of ion removal during three hours and cost viable applications.
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Industrial activities like mining, electroplating and the oil extraction process, are increasing the levels of heavy metals such as Cu, Fe, Mg and Cd in aquatic ecosystems. This increase is related to the discharge of effluents containing trace of this elements above the maximum allowed by law. Methods such as ion exchange, membrane filtration and chemical precipitation have been studied as a means of treatment of these metals contamination. The precipitation of metals using anionic surfactants derived from carboxylic acids emerged as an alternative for the removal of metals from industrial effluents. The reaction between bivalent ions and these types of surfactants in aqueous solution leads to the formation of metal carboxylates, which can precipitate in the form of flakes and are subsequently removed by a process of decantation or simple filtration. In this work the metals extraction is performed by using the surfactant sodium hexadecanoate as extracting agent. The main purpose was to study the effect of temperature, solution pH, and concentration of surfactant in the metal removal process. The statistical design of the process showed that the process is directly dependent to changes in pH and concentration of surfactant, but inversely proportional and somewhat dependent to temperature variation, with the latter effect being considered negligible in most cases. The individual study of the effect of temperature showed a strong dependence of the process with the Kraft point, both for the surfactant used as extracting agent, as for the surfactant obtained after the reaction of this surfactant with the metal. From data of temperatures and concentrations of the surfactant was possible to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction between sodium hexadecanoate and copper ions. Later, thermodynamic parameters were determined, showing that the process is exothermic and spontaneous.
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Despite the numerous advantages resulting from the use of membrane filters technology, intrinsic limitations fouling process become relevant to its applicability. The control of operating conditions is an important tool to mitigate fouling and achieve good levels of efficiency. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transmembrane pressure and concentrate flow in the performance of ultrafiltration, applied to the post-treatment of domestic sewage. The process was evaluated and optimized by varying the pressure (0.5 and 1.5 bar) and the concentrate flow (300 and 600 L/h), using a 22 factorial design, in order to investigate the effects on the permeate flow and quality of effluents generated at each operating condition. We evaluated the following quality indicators for permeate: pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, calcium and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In all tests, we observed marked reduction in the permeate flux at the early stages, followed by a slow decline that lasted until it reaches a relatively constant level, around 120 minutes of filtration. The increased pressure resulted in a higher initial permeate flux, but the decrease of the flow with time is greater for tests at higher pressure, indicating a more pronounced fouling process. On the other hand, increasing the concentrate flow resulted in a slower decline in permeate flux with the filtration time. Regarding the quality of permeate, the transmembrane pressure of 0,5 bar was the one that allowed better results, and was statistically confirmed through the two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures, significant effect of pressure on the turbidity of the permeate. The concentrate flow, in turn, showed no significant influence on any of the quality parameters. Thus, we conclude that, from an economic and environmental point of view, it is more interesting to operate ultrafiltration membrane system with a lower concentrate flow associated with a low transmembrane pressure, since under these conditions will produce less waste, and the permeate will present lower concentrations of the analyzed constituent, especially lower turbidity.
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CHAPTER II - This study evaluated the effects of two different types of acute aerobic exercise on the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and on different hematological and biochemical variables that are associated with this membrane property. The study population consisted of 20 healthy and active men. Participants performed single sessions of two types of exercise. The first session consisted of 60 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). The second session, executed a week later, consisted of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) until exhaustion. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration (1/H50) at the midpoint of the sigmoidal curve of dependence between the absorbance of hemoglobin and the NaCl concentration. The values of 1/H50 changed from 2.29 ± 0.1 to 2.33 ± 0.09 after MICE and from 2.30 ± 0.08 to 2.23 ± 0.12 after HIIE. In MICE has occurred an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, probably due to in vivo lysis of older erythrocytes, with preservation of cells that were larger and more resistant to in vitro lysis. The study showed that a single bout of acute exercise affected the erythrocyte osmotic stability, which increased after MICE and decreased after HIIE.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfologicamente as membranas de PES preparadas a partir do uso de misturas de polivinilpirrolidona (PVP K-30 e K-90), visando ajustar as condições de síntese para a obtenção de uma membrana isenta de macroporos.
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Introduction - After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a remodeling process, wich leads to horizontal and vertical bone loss. These resorption processes complicate dental rehabilitation, particularly in connection with implants. Various methods of guided bone regeneration have been described to retain the original dimension of the bone after extraction. Most procedures use filler materials and membranes to support the buccal plate and soft tissue, to stabilize the coagulum and to prevent epithelial ingrowth. It has also been suggested that resorption of the buccal bundle bone can be avoided by leaving a buccal root segment (socket-shield technique) in place, because the biological integrity of the buccal periodontum remains untouched. This method has also been decribed in connection with immediate implant placement. Objective - This literature review aim enumerate and describe the different treatments and tissue reactions after tooth extraction, immediate and delayed implantation. The socketshield technique, the evolution in tooth extraction and immediate implantation with high esthetic results due to the preservation of hard and soft tissues by leaving a buccal root segment in place. Materials and methods - For this purpose a research has been done and data was obtained from on-line resources: Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme, Bon, books and specialized magazines which was conducted between January 2016 and May 2016. A number of articles have been obtained in English and French ,published between 1997 and 2015 . The key words used were implantology, dental implant, hard/soft tissue, tooth extraction, immediate implantation, delayed implantation, socket-shield. Conclusion - In socket-shield technique, there were neither functional nor aesthetic changes in soft and hard tissues. It’s already a routine practice in the arsenal of highaesthetic immediate implantology and should be used when indicated. Although this technique is quiet promising, we should be aware of the incoming publications about a larger follow up and the predictability of leaving a fragment inside the socket after an extraction.