Integration of repositories in elearning systems

The wide acceptance of digital repositories today in the eLearning field raises several interoperability issues. In this paper we present the interoperability features of a service oriented repository of learning objects called crimsonHex. These features are compliant with the existing standards and we propose extensions to the IMS interoperability recommendation, adding new functions, formalizing message interchange and providing also a REST interface. To validate the proposed extensions and its implementation in crimsonHex we developed a repository plugin for Moodle 2.0 that is expected to be included in the next release of this popular learning management system.

Design a computer programming learning environment for Massive Open Online Courses

Teaching and learning computer programming is as challenging as difficult. Assessing the work of students and providing individualised feedback to all is time-consuming and error prone for teachers and frequently involves a time delay. The existent tools and specifications prove to be insufficient in complex evaluation domains where there is a greater need to practice. At the same time Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are appearing revealing a new way of learning, more dynamic and more accessible. However this new paradigm raises serious questions regarding the monitoring of student progress and its timely feedback. This paper provides a conceptual design model for a computer programming learning environment. This environment uses the portal interface design model gathering information from a network of services such as repositories and program evaluators. The design model includes also the integration with learning management systems, a central piece in the MOOC realm, endowing the model with characteristics such as scalability, collaboration and interoperability. This model is not limited to the domain of computer programming and can be adapted to any complex area that requires systematic evaluation with immediate feedback.

The role of literature: english textbooks and literature in secondary teaching in Portugal

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Inglês

Relatório de estágio em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Relatório E1CEB - Relatório de estágio em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: Atualmente, a sociedade encontra-se em constante mutação, pelo que urge formar profissionais de educação capazes de responder aos seus desafios, assim como formar cidadãos críticos e responsáveis e estimular a sua participação ativa na sociedade. Desta forma e, no âmbito das unidades curriculares (UC) de Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada na Educação Pré – Escolar e no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), parte integrante dos 1.º e 2.º anos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º CEB, respetivamente, surge o presente relatório que apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional da mestranda. Assim, o presente documento pretende ser uma reflexão crítica sobre o processo formativo da formanda, revelando mobilização de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos e uma metodologia construtivista de Investigação – ação, que sustentou as práticas educativas e permitiu um conhecimento sólido e sustentável. Realça, ainda, o desenvolvimento da prática em díade de formação que estimulou o crescimento e a reconstrução de novos conhecimentos enriquecidos por uma reflexão sistemática e contínua. Este trabalho colaborativo promoveu um ambiente educativo profundo, significativo e agradável, contribuindo para a formação individual e coletiva dos vários intervenientes do contexto educativo. Acresce que, ao longo das práticas, a mestranda teve em consideração tudo o que foi aprendendo e desenvolvendo nas diversas UC’s, construindo a sua conceção de educadora e de professora, num contexto relacional e de consciência reflexiva que permitiu uma formação articulada com a ação pedagógica e organizacional, a partir da experiência e transformação dos saberes, eixos fundamentais para a profissionalidade docente.

Relatório de estágio

O presente relatório – requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico – reflete os conhecimentos desenvolvidos, assentes num quadro teórico e concetual construído ao longo do ciclo de estudos, e explana as aprendizagens decorrentes da prática pedagógica supervisionada desenvolvida em nos contextos de estágio: Educação Pré-Escolar e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este foi erigido numa perspetiva de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional, promovendo uma postura indagadora e reflexiva face à prática educativa. Com efeito, a mestranda teve como objetivo descrever, compreender e refletir acerca do seu processo de formação relevando o desenvolvimento de capacidades e competências substanciais à prática docente, e a construção de aprendizagens que permitiram uma tomada de consciência do compromisso e responsabilidade do papel do docente. O período de estágio, a par das aulas da unidade curricular: Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada apresentou-se como uma oportunidade fulcral para o desenvolvimento e experimentação de métodos e estratégias, questionando conceções e preconceitos inerentes ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Conforme a metodologia de investigação-ação, a ação da mestranda desenvolveu-se ciclicamente, e de forma articulada, numa perspetiva socio construtivista e holística do desenvolvimento, com enfoque na criança. Também o processo colaborativo constituiu um processo eficaz na elaboração e reflexão sobre a prática estimulando momentos de aprendizagem e de recriação da prática. Assim, este mestrado contribuiu fortemente para a construção da identidade profissional da futura docente. Concludentemente, a conceção teórica e prática conseguida no decorrer dos estágios, nos dois níveis educativos, iniciaram a edificação de uma postura profissional, reflexiva e investigativa, reafirmando competências profissionais e pessoais e valorando-se a formação ao longo da vida para aquele que se constitui, nesta formação, um docente generalista.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Behavior and the Brain

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology, Neuroscience

English Language Learning Inside and Outside the Classroom in Portugal

This study investigates the way of learning the English language in Portugal. First-year students of the faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of New University of Lisbon were selected as participants in the case study. As data collection tools a questionnaire and focus-groups were used. 115 students completed the designed questionnaire and after that 12 students were selected for the more detailed focus-group discussions. Results of the research show that most part of the students´ English knowledge is received from outside the classroom by means of movies, songs, computer games, the Internet, communication with friends and other sources. Also, the results show that motivation is very important in language learning process and motivated students acquire the language faster and easier.

Essays in health economics: Volume-Outcome Effect, upcoding behaviour and the evaluation of a short-term intervention program

Evidence in the literature suggests a negative relationship between volume of medical procedures and mortality rates in the health care sector. In general, high-volume hospitals appear to achieve lower mortality rates, although considerable variation exists. However, most studies focus on US hospitals, which face different incentives than hospitals in a National Health Service (NHS). In order to add to the literature, this study aims to understand what happens in a NHS. Results reveal a statistically significant correlation between volume of procedures and better outcomes for the following medical procedures: cerebral infarction, respiratory infections, circulatory disorders with AMI, bowel procedures, cirrhosis, and hip and femur procedures. The effect is explained with the practice-makes-perfect hypothesis through static effects of scale with little evidence of learning-by-doing. The centralization of those medical procedures is recommended given that this policy would save a considerable number of lives (reduction of 12% in deaths for cerebral infarction).

The World Health Organization Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum : implementation of key modules and its impact on patient safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes of medical students at the University of Algarve

ABSTRACT - Objectives: We attempted to show how the implementation of the key elements of the World Health Organization Patient Safety Curriculum Guide Multi-professional Edition in an undergraduate curriculum affected the knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards patient safety in a graduate entry Portuguese Medical School. Methods: After receiving formal recognition by the WHO as a Complementary Test Site and approval of the organizational ethics committee , the validated pre-course questionnaires measuring the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to patient safety were administered to the 2nd and3rd year students pursuing a four-year course (N = 46). The key modules of the curriculum were implemented over the academic year by employing a variety of learning strategies including expert lecturers, small group problem-based teaching sessions, and Simulation Laboratory sessions. The identical questionnaires were then administered and the impact was measured. The Curriculum Guide was evaluated as a health education tool in this context. Results: A significant number of the respondents, 47 % (n = 22), reported having received some form of prior patient safety training. The effect on Patient Safety Knowledge was assessed by using the percentage of correct pre- and post-course answers to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables and by applying Fishers’ test (two-tailed). No significant differences were detected (p < 0.05). To assess the effect of the intervention on Patient Safety skills and attitudes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated for the pre and post-course responses, and independent samples were subjected to Mann-Whitney’s test. The attitudinal survey indicated a very high baseline incidence of desirable attitudes and skills toward patient safety. Significant changes were detected (p < 0.05) regarding what should happen if an error is made (p = 0.016), the role of healthcare organizations in error reporting (p = 0.006), and the extent of medical error (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The implementation of selected modules of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum was associated with a number of positive changes regarding patient safety skills and attitudes, with a baseline incidence of highly desirable patient safety attitudes, but no measureable change on the patient safety knowledge, at the University of Algarve Medical School. The significance of these results is discussed along with implications and suggestions for future research.

Peer interaction and learning opportunities in cohesive and less cohesive L2 classrooms

The present study investigates peer to peer oral interaction in two task based language teaching classrooms, one of which was a self-declared cohesive group, and the other a self- declared less cohesive group, both at B1 level. It studies how learners talk cohesion into being and considers how this talk leads to learning opportunities in these groups. The study was classroom-based and was carried out over the period of an academic year. Research was conducted in the classrooms and the tasks were part of regular class work. The research was framed within a sociocognitive perspective of second language learning and data came from a number of sources, namely questionnaires, interviews and audio recorded talk of dyads, triads and groups of four students completing a total of eight oral tasks. These audio recordings were transcribed and analysed qualitatively for interactions which encouraged a positive social dimension and behaviours which led to learning opportunities, using conversation analysis. In addition, recordings were analysed quantitatively for learning opportunities and quantity and quality of language produced. Results show that learners in both classes exhibited multiple behaviours in interaction which could promote a positive social dimension, although behaviours which could discourage positive affect amongst group members were also found. Analysis of interactions also revealed the many ways in which learners in both the cohesive and less cohesive class created learning opportunities. Further qualitative analysis of these interactions showed that a number of factors including how learners approach a task, the decisions they make at zones of interactional transition and the affective relationship between participants influence the amount of learning opportunities created, as well as the quality and quantity of language produced. The main conclusion of the study is that it is not the cohesive nature of the group as a whole but the nature of the relationship between the individual members of the small group completing the task which influences the effectiveness of oral interaction for learning.This study contributes to our understanding of the way in which learners individualise the learning space and highlights the situated nature of language learning. It shows how individuals interact with each other and the task, and how talk in interaction changes moment-by-moment as learners react to the ‘here and now’ of the classroom environment.

Dynamic group formation in mobile computer supported collaborative learning environment

Forming suitable learning groups is one of the factors that determine the efficiency of collaborative learning activities. However, only a few studies were carried out to address this problem in the mobile learning environments. In this paper, we propose a new approach for an automatic, customized, and dynamic group formation in Mobile Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (MCSCL) contexts. The proposed solution is based on the combination of three types of grouping criteria: learner’s personal characteristics, learner’s behaviours, and context information. The instructors can freely select the type, the number, and the weight of grouping criteria, together with other settings such as the number, the size, and the type of learning groups (homogeneous or heterogeneous). Apart from a grouping mechanism, the proposed approach represents a flexible tool to control each learner, and to manage the learning processes from the beginning to the end of collaborative learning activities. In order to evaluate the quality of the implemented group formation algorithm, we compare its Average Intra-cluster Distance (AID) with the one of a random group formation method. The results show a higher effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in forming homogenous and heterogeneous groups compared to the random method.

O ensino experimental das ciências: mudança concetual a partir das conceções alternativas dos alunos do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Perceções de docentes do ensino básico e secundário sobre o papel da supervisão pedagógica enquanto contexto de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores de geografia

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Supervisão Pedagógica)

Desenvolvendo a qualidade em parcerias: a voz de um grupo de educadoras

Tese de Doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (Especialidade de Metodologia e Supervisão em Educação de Infância)

A cooperar é que se aprende?: a aprendizagem cooperativa e educação intercultural: um contributo na construção da autonomia do aluno

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Inglês e Espanhol no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário