Converter Supply Transformer For LVDC Distribution System

This master’s thesis is focused on optimizing the parameters of a distribution transformer with respect to low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system. One of the main parts of low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system is transformer. It is studied from several viewpoints like filtering capabilities of harmonics caused by rectifier, losses and short circuit current limiting Determining available short circuit currents is one of the most important aspects of designing power distribution systems. Short circuits and their effects must be considered in selecting electrical equipment, circuit protection and other devices.

Supply Risk Management in Pharmaceutical

Fast development in the operating environment and fierce competition have driven companies to pursue efficiency and success through lean and global supply chains. At the same time overall uncertainty has increased in the business environment and supply chains have become a priority in risk management since their vulnerability may endanger business continuity. Although risk management should start at procurement strategy development phase, proactive contingency planning is also essential because it enables correct reaction and fast changes in process execution in the case of risk realization. This thesis is a case study conducted in the pharmaceutical industry where purchasing and materials management organizations face a number of challenges and limitations that have to be considered in supply risk management. The goal of the study was to discuss the operating environment, and identify and analyze supply risks and potential risk management practices. The study was concluded with suggestions for purchasing strategy development that take risk management considerations into account. This copy is the public version of the thesis.

Supply chain costs of a small board lot: sheet cutting and logistics

Succeeding in small board lot (0-20 tons) deliveries, is not always prosperous and failures as well as extra costs compared to standard costs arise. Failure deliveries from converting plants to customer locations tie a lot of unwanted and unexpected costs. Extra costs are handled as quality costs and more precise, internal failure costs. These costs revolve from unsuccessful truck payloads, redundant warehousing or unfavorable routing as examples. Quality costs are becoming more and more important factor in company’s financial decision making. Actual, realized truck payload correlates with the extra costs occurring, so filling the truck payload all get-out well is a key to lower the extra costs. Case company in this study is Corporation A, business segment Boards. Boards have outsourced half of their converting in order to gain better customer service via flexibility, lead time reductions and logistics efficiency improvements. Examination period of the study is first two quarters of year 2008 and deliveries examined are from converters to the customer locations. In Corporation A’s case, the total loss in failure deliveries is hundreds of thousands of Euros during the examination period. So, the logistics goal of getting the right product to the right place and right time for the least cost, does not completely realize.

Unitizing in Supply Chain – Case SECU Container

The aim of this thesis is to analyze how increasing the level of unitizing affects to the costs in the transport system of a Finnish paper and board company. The parts of the supply chain where costs are analyzed are limited to domestic inland transport and port operations. Supply Chain management is important aspect of modern day companies’ strategies. Intermodal transport and different transport systems are the key items which are studied in the theory part of this thesis. In the case study the payload simulations for SECU container (Stora Enso Cargo Unit) stuffed in mills sites are base of the cost analyze of this thesis. Thesis also makes a glance for the restrictions and development trends in Finnish railroads. In analyze SECU containers are moved up to the mill site for stuffing. This increases the level of unitizing in supply chain. Analyze is made for three variation of current traffic lines. Analyze shows that when idea of intermodalism is well used there is considerable cost savings to gather in pre-transportation and port operations. But also effects to mill sites and destination ports needs to be take under considering. In analyze the effects of increased axle weight for SECU container transportation in Finnish railroads is studied. When transport unit is stuffed in earliest possible point supply chain and unloaded the last possible point the savings made in chain can be considerable. In case study of this thesis almost 40% savings in total costs could be reached in pre transportation and port operations when unitizing level is increased in supply chain.

Changing family institution challenges family policy making in Estonia

Artikkeli perustuu Edistyksen Päivillä Turussa 11.10.2008 pidettyyn esitelmään.

Perheyrityksen strategiamalli muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia teollisuudelle aineita maahantuovan perheyrityksen toimintaympäristössä tapahtuvaa muutosta. Tutkimuksessa lähestytään yrityksen muuttuvaa toimintaympäristöä strategian näkökulmasta ja otetaan huomioon muuttuvana seikkana lainsäädäntö eli REACH -kemikaaliasetus. Tutkimuksen tutkimusongelmaa käsitellään konstruktiivisen tutkimuksen tapaan. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen tapaan keräämällä tutkimustietoa valmiista aineistosta kuten arkistoista, dokumenteista ja kirjallisuudesta. Tutkimukseen on myös käytetty havaintoja, haastatteluja ja arkikokemuksia tutkimuksen kohteesta. Tutkimuksen viitekehyksessä käytiin läpi strategian teoriaa ulkoisesta toimintaympäristöstä yrityksen sisäiseen toimintaympäristöön. Yritykselle laadittiin strategiakeskeinen malli ottaen huomioon uuden lain tuomat vaikutukset yrityksen sisäiseen ja ulkoiseen toimintaympäristöön. Lakimuutoksen vaikutuspintoja löytyi kaksi: yrityksen toimialan toimintaympäristö ja sisäinen toimintaympäristö. Toimialan toimintaympäristössä eriteltiin lakimuutoksen rajapinnat viiden kilpailuvoiman avulla. Tulokseksi saatiin, että REACH vaikuttaa vahvasti läpi koko toimitusketjun. Vaikutustavat ovat korvaavat tuotteet, ostajien vaikutusvalta ja toimittajien vaikutusvalta. Lisäksi yhtenä vaikuttajana voidaan pitää uusia tulijoita sekä kilpailua nykyisten yritysten kanssa. Yrityksen sisäisestä toimintaympäristöstä löydettiin arvoketjun avulla lisää vaikutuskohtia. Ne olivat raaka-aineiden hankinnat, dokumentointi, näytteiden lähetys, varastointi ja varastokirjanpito. Lisäksi huomioitiin tukitoiminnoista lakiasiat ja henkilöstön koulutus.

Sustaining competitive advantage in changing environment: Case small and medium sized sawmills

The aim of this study is to examine how small and medium sized (SME) sawmills sustain their competitive advantage in the changing environment. Firstly, this study researches what changes affect SME sawmills’ competitiveness and what factors construct their competitive advantage. Secondly, this study examines how SME sawmills sustain their competitive advantage in the future and how agile and flexible they are. The theoretical part of this study represents the existing literature related to changes and competitive advantage in changing situations. The empirical part was executed as a qualitative research and it consists of thematic interviews with two SME sawmills. The results of the study indicate that several change factors affect the competitiveness of SME sawmills and therefore it is crucial to be alert on them. SME sawmills sustain their competitive advantage in the future by specialization and by being agile.

Energy Supply of Detached Houses in Russia and Finland

The problem of choosing the heating system is always relevant when building new houses. Type of energy source (solid fuel, liquid fuel, gas, electricity, alternative sources) is the main issue in choosing the heating system. The work gives a comprehensive overview of heating methods, determines their advantages and disadvantages taking into account economical and ecological situations in Finland and Russia. Quantitative contribution of single Finnish and Russian detached houses in the overall level of carbon dioxide emissions is estimated when using each method. Comparison of Russian and Finnish energy markets and their impact on electricity pricing is made in the work. The influence of air pollution on environmental offsets according to Russian and Finnish legislative and normative acts is determined.

Jakelukeskuksen tiedonhallinnan optimointi

Vuoden 2008 lopussa alkaneen talouslaman johdosta myös Polar Electrolla lähdettiin hallitsemaan kuluja aiempaa tehokkaammin. Eri toimintojen kustannukset otettiin tarkempaan ja entistä kriittisempään tarkasteluun. Tällä tavoin pyrittiin löytämään kohtia, joissa toimintoja ja prosesseja pystyttäisiin tehostamaan. Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena oli löytää ratkaisuja Polar Electron ja logistiikkaratkaisuja tarjoavan Geodis Wilsonin väliseen kommunikaatioon sekä yhtiöiden väliseen tiedonhallintaan. Optimoimalla näiden osa-alueiden toimintaa pystytään saavuttamaan kustannussäästöjä sekä parantamaan toimitusketjun tehokkuutta jakelukeskuksen toiminnan osalta. Ensimmäisenä vaiheena projektissa tunnistettiin nykyiset prosessit ja kuvattiin ne hyödyntäen SCOR-mallin standardikuvaustyyppejä. Näiden kuvausmallien avulla Polarilla voidaan tarkastella logistista ympäristöä uudesta näkökulmasta. Konkreettisena tuloksena työssä saavutettiin viisi kehitysehdotusta, joiden pohjalta prosesseja pystytään muokkaamaan ja edelleen kehittämään.

Frequency converter protection against supply network phenomena

This master’s thesis is focused on power supply network disturbances and their effects on the frequency converter – one of the components of modern process crane electrical system. The most critical disturbance types, their causes and the effect they bring to crane electrical system was determined in this work. Variety of protective devices used for mitigation of disturbances is investigated. Device protection solutions for the frequency converter used in crane applications are presented. Analyses of the power supply requirements for frequency converter and various components of crane electrical system were carried out and as a result the crane power supply requirements list that guarantees normal crane operation was built. This list is to be included in crane projects for troubleshooting purposes in order to determine potentially dangerous network.

Supply chain cost saving potential analysis

Target of this study was to examine the current supply chain with focus on external part and identify the cost potential areas which lie there. The goal was to evaluate the cost save potential and give estimate what would be required in order to realise it. Base data related to study was searched and examined with using company’s enterprise resource planning system. In case feasible two types of scenarios were built in order to describe the scale of save potential. First scenario was theoretical and achieving it would require further investments and second scenario was realistic approach where more limitations were taken into account. The results clearly show that there is high save potential in supply chain costs linked to balance between internal and external operations. Realising of it would require at least minor investments as current internal capacity is not on a level to fully absorb the additional volumes which are needed in order to realise the potential. This study can be used as a basis when starting new projects related to investment needs.

The role of power relations in strategic supply management – A value net approach

Supplier relationships are key elements of supply management and thus have attracted substantial research interest among academics and practitioners. The collaborative nature of relationships has been the focus of the mainstream research, and limited interest has been channelled towards power in buyer–supplier relationships. However, power is one of the key factors determining the outcomes in many business relations. Hence, one of the main objectives of this dissertation is to clarify how power may influence the nature of buyer–supplier relationships and, moreover, the depth of collaboration. Another main objective is to clarify the role of power relations in strategic supply management. Given the different nature of relationships, the firm needs divergent strategies in its supply management in order to handle them efficiently. Power has been identified as one of the factors that affect the nature of buyer–supplier relationships, and firms should thus develop strategies for handling power relations. Three research questions are addressed in pursuit of these objectives, the aim being to clarify the sources of power, the influence of power on collaboration, and the role of buyer–supplier relationships in the firm’s supply strategy. This dissertation has two parts. The first part provides a synthesis of the overall dissertation, and the second part comprises five complementary research papers. The qualitative research method is applied in an empirical case study from the Finnish food industry. The main contribution of this dissertation is that it clarifies the role of power relations in strategic supply management in value nets, and discloses the nature of power as an influencing factor in supplier relationships. It extends the discussion on power in buyer– supplier relationships in highlighting the context of networks and raising the question of network effects on power relations. It also illustrates how power positions and power relations in value nets can be determined based on the sources of power of the network actors, and shows their influence on collaboration.