Condições de trabalho e terceiro setor: implicações contemporâneas para o serviço social

In the contemporaneity, due to the implementation of the neoliberal project in which one verifies the withdrawal of the State in regard to the development of social policies, it is observed a new way of responding to the multifaceted expressions of the social issue, which is the emergence and expansion of a supposed "third sector" in society. Thus, the productive restructuring process has led to the deterioration of labor relations, as well as a super exploration of human labor power, also triggering structural unemployment. By being delineated in classist interests, the emergence of the "third sector" brings contradictory aspects to the society, one of these being the very concept of "third sector", more ideological than real. By seeking to answer the expressions of the social issue, demands the intervention of social workers in the institutions that "composes it". This way, arises the interest in researching what are the current conditions and labor relations of the social workers who work in the institutions of the "third sector" in Mossoró-RN. Therefore, this study is constituted by a survey for the conclusion of a Master's degree in Social Service at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Therefore, it was listed out as general objective to identify and analyze the conditions and labor relations of the social workers entered in the institutions of the "third sector" in Mossoró-RN. And by specific objectives: to map the institutions that are part of the "third sector" in the city of Mossoró, which have social workers on its professional staff, in order to profile the same; and, analyze the main challenges presented to the work of the social worker in these institutions. We used the bibliographic and documental research to enlighten the knowledge of the topic approached and the development of the field research, in which for the analysis of the data obtained, through field research, it was used the quantitative and qualitative approach. The search results confirmed that half of the institutions was identified as philanthropics, and most of them are funded by the federal government and that such organizations develop activities in several areas, particularly health and welfare. Concerning the conditions and labor relations, was highlighted the fact that half of the professionals insert themselves within the institutions by appointment; regarding the salary, 57.1% of employees receive between 3 and 4 minimum wages, which is considered relatively low. Was satisfactory the analysis related to the labor rights, because almost all offer a formal contract, which ensures, in great measure, the effectuation of such rights. Now with regard to the workload, 5 of 6 institutions implemented the Law Nº. 12.317/2010 ensuring 30 hours a week for social workers. However, it were cited many challenges relating the reality of the "third sector" to the conditions and labor relations, among them stands out: the delay of salary and non-salary adjustment; the realization of activities that do not relate to professionals, functions and duties; the development of many activities by a single professional. Two important data are the not incentive to a postgraduate and the charging of the fulfillment of the goals for the professional productivity. Here, it is worth to reflect that, although this study presents elements that provide to identify some aspects of labor relations and conditions of social workers in the "third sector" in Mossoró- RN, as well as some challenges that permeate this space of professional insertion, is meant that there is much to be unveiled, and other studies can later do so in an attempt to a better understanding of the complexity of processes that permeate the "third sector"

O vencimento e a remuneração do magistério público municipal de Natal/RN: repercussões da implementação do Fundeb (2007-2010)

Le travail suivant discute le salaire touché par les professeurs et leur rémunération, face à l’implémentation du Fond de Mantenance du Développement de l’Éducation de Base et Valorisation des Professionnels de l’Enseignement (Fundeb), au Système d’Éducation Public de la Municipalité de la ville de Natal, entre les années de 2007 a 2010. L’objectif est l’analyse des repercussions du Funeb pour la rémuneration des enseignants dans le contexte de la politique de financement de l’Éducation de Base e ses propositions de valorisation des enseignants – revennu et rémunération. L’étude s’est utilisé la recherche bibliographique et documentale, les informations relatives à : Éducatif (inscriptions), rémunération (bulletin de salaire et bulletin de paie), budgétaires (recette et dépense) au ressource – microinformations du recensement scolaire (INEP/MEC), SIOPE/FNDE et lo PCCR de la municipalité (LC nº058/2004), et comme donné comparatif on utilise la rémunération et la valeur du salaire minimum national – actualisé par le INPC. À partir de là, les études montrent que dès la Constitution Fédeérale de 1988, il y a eu des changements dans la structure du financement de l’Éducation par la politique de Fonds, iniciée par le Fundef et continuée par le Fundeb, avec des reflets pour la valorisation des enseignants, spécialement, sur la rémunération. Par rapport au revennu, l’étude montre un réajustement à chaque année qui observe, en 2007, un pourcentage de 23,74%, c’est-à´dire, la plus grande de la série historique. Par l’analyse des donnés de revennus on peut observer que les enseignants, au début de leur carrière, présente des réajustement sur leur revennu et rémunération plus petit que celui du Salaire Minimum National, et pourtant les enseignants de niveau supérieur (N1), spécialisation et maîtrise (N2) ont présenté le même pourcentage de croissance de la rémunération pendant cet étude, qui correspond à 14,7%. Le pourcentage pour le professeur docteur a été noté en 33,9%. Par rapport aux enseignants de plus de temps de service, entre 10 et 15 ans, les pourcentages de réajustement ont été différents, car ils montrent des proportions croissantes selon le niveau de formation et le temps de carrière comme enseignant. Malgré le Fundeb présente des progressions, il ne s’est pas encore configuré comme une politique d’amélioration de salaire pour les enseignants. On remarque que pendant l’analyse, il y a une diminuition de proportion entre la valeur de rémunération e la quantité de salaires minimum composant le total, ce qui configure un procès qui exige de plus grands investissements aux salaires des enseignants.

Mobilização de competências na atividade informal do vendedor ambulante em praia de Natal (RN)

The central issue of this dissertation is to investigate the labor activity of beach hawker, in order to identify the main professional competencies mobilized in this activity, traversed by both the precariousness of the means of labor exercise, as for complex and structured routines. In the town of Natal (RN) the beaches serve as workplace for thousands of informal workers, who use various professional skills, translated into the ability to mobilize and articulate knowledge, skills and behaviors to solve problems in concrete work situations. This research therefore had as main objective to investigate the work of beach hawkers, trying to identify the core competencies mobilized for facing demands and obstacles in such a context. The beach of Ponta Negra (Natal-RN) was chosen as field of observation, in which a group of hawkers took part as voluntary subjects. Methodologically, quantitative and qualitative methods of production and analysis of data were combined in three stages. In the quantitative phase an occupational questionnaire was applied to a sample of 60 subjects, generating a set of data analyzed with quantitative univariate and multidimensional descriptive statistical tools, complemented by inferential statistical analysis. The results of this phase indicate a predominance of men sellers with salary varying in a range from one to two minimum wage Brazilian salary, age and education quite heterogeneous, extended working hours and the choice of only this activity and this beach throughout the year. Concurrently with this step of analysis, unsystematic observations of the activity of vendors were held and then driven to the technique of Instruction Impersonator with four chosen subjects. This phase had a clinicalinterpretive analysis, rooted in historical-cultural Vygotskian psychological perspective and in the french approach of skills and abilities. The main results point to several strategies for overcoming obstacles, use of technics anchored in everyday work experience and practical knowledge, building rules of conduct and collective mobilization of diverse professional skills similar to those found in formal work, such as business and time management, use of communicative tools, flexibility in problem solving, creativity and teamwork competence. We conclude that informality investigated in context can not be seen exclusively as a synonym of precariousness. It also covers skills and knowledge in a complex culture that situates informal labor in a complementary way with respect to formal work. This conclusion, therefore, contributes to overcome the notion of antinomy between formal and informal labor activity, since they both can be considered as a way to achieve job satisfaction, and even a personal representation of well done job, which is an important psychological generator of identity and social place.

Promoção, vencimento e avaliação de desempenho do professor do ensino fundamental: o PCCR da rede municipal de ensino de Natal/RN (2004-2010)

This study is about the enhancement of the elementary school in Natal/RN, (PCCR - Law No. 058/2004), concerning to the horizontal promotion through the performance evaluation. It uses as reference the education policy on the legislative field hegemony and the managerial model. The analysis of the teacher´s valorization is based on the policy of Funds (Fundef and Fundeb) in the Brazilian social and educational agenda. The study focuses on the Career Plan, Career and Remuneration of teachers in the period (2004-2010).The study focuses on the Career Plan, Career and Remuneration of teachers in the period (2004-2010). The thesis argues for the necessity to adopt a direct relationship between career development and horizontal promotion for more others fifteen classes, no matter to any conditioning variables. In addition, the performance shall be evaluated by interval of 25 years to reach at least the provisions decided in the law, which determines the salary adjustment in 5% at every two years, as pointed at the PCCR, about teachers remuneration, and teachers qualifications. A work of a bibliographic and a documental review about the education funding with the purpose of enhancement of educational work, career concepts, and also promotion and evaluation performance as well was performed based on experts authors in this field. The survey was organized with the aim of articulating quantitative and qualitative information, analyzing data from the teacher's salary - payrolls and paychecks - also applying a questionnaire. After the implementation of the PCCR, it was found that the wage indices for horizontal promotion during the teaching career are tied to a strategy for evaluating the performance which disqualifies the teacher‟s salaries in a minimum percentage of 25% (up to 25 years) and there are also elements that disturb the promotion strategy. The national minimum wage was set in three salaries by the PSPN Lei nº11.738/2008 but it never reaches the three salaries at Natal/RN educational system.Otherwise, the elements that structure the horizontal promotion in fifteen classes, throughout the career, flout the minimum years of teaching work, long established in 25 years. In addition, changes in terms in the salary increase depend on individual efforts by professional development through titration. Concerning to the career, despite of the category approving its PCCR, neither this instrument nor the Funds Policy managed to establish regulations were able to cope effective rules for valuing the teachers in the educational district system. It is necessary to ensure, in percentage terms and financial, the real remuneration of teachers with the attainment of horizontal promotion, reviewing the elements that structure the career and the determinants of performance evaluation.

Análise e medição do processo de gestão do conhecimento e formação: o caso da La Redoute

O presente trabalho resulta do estágio curricular desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, realizado no departamento de Recursos Humanos da La Redoute – Vendas à Distância, S.A. Este relatório contém um descritivo das principais tarefas desenvolvidas na La Redoute onde a principal tarefa consistiu na elaboração de um “book” de Recursos Humanos. Contudo, este relatório também contém uma breve descrição de tarefas administrativas desempenhadas no decorrer do estágio como o controlo de assiduidade dos colaboradores, processamento salarial, gestão e resposta de candidaturas, registo de correio diverso e a elaboração de mapas de horas. Sendo que um dos temas apresentado no “book” de Recursos Humanos é a questão da formação e uma vez que este foi estudado durante o percurso académico decidiu-se focar a análise no processo de formação da organização. No decorrer da elaboração do “book” concluiu-se que os departamentos de informática eram aqueles que apresentavam maior número de formações e resolveu-se evidenciar a análise de processos de formação na área das Tecnologias de Informação. Com o objetivo de analisar e medir o processo de formação dos colaboradores optou-se por utilizar modelos de maturidade, visto que estes são reconhecidos na literatura como um dos métodos mais fortes para avaliar e medir a implementação de um processo de negócio. Este relatório detalha a análise do processo de formação na La Redoute, os níveis de maturidade resultantes da análise e aponta o caminho de melhoria sugerido para atingir níveis de maturidade mais elevados.

O tratamento dos créditos laborais no Direito Insolvencial

O presente estudo configura-se como uma proposta de análise das diversificadas consequências jurídicas que a declaração de insolvência de uma empresa pode produzir na esfera jurídica dos trabalhadores ao seu serviço. Inicia-se o trabalho com um enquadramento factual e jurídico do conceito de insolvência, que significa a incapacidade de cumprimento das obrigações, associada a critérios de “cash flow”, que não deverá ser confundido com os conceitos de insolvabilidade e incumprimento. Segue-se a apresentação das repercussões da insolvência da empresa nos contratos de trabalho de que é titular. Para o efeito, e tendo presente que esses efeitos jurídicos variarão em função do destino dado à empresa insolvente, procede-se ao estudo separado dessas mesmas consequências jurídicas na hipótese de manutenção e recuperação da empresa pelo próprio devedor, no caso de encerramento definitivo da empresa,- e ainda na eventualidade de esta recuperação ser levada a cabo por um terceiro,- a quem a empresa tenha sido transmitida no âmbito do processo de insolvência (saneamento por transmissão). Posteriormente, pensando sobretudo na hipótese da extinção do contrato de trabalho, procede-se à caracterização pormenorizada da tutela jurídica conferida aos créditos dos trabalhadores. Tutela esta que, em primeira linha, se concretiza na atribuição de privilégios creditórios aos créditos laborais que lhes confere uma preferência de pagamento no confronto com outros créditos em concurso. Dentro das garantias dos créditos laborais, apreciaremos a garantia proporcionada pelo Fundo de Garantia Salarial, distinguindo-o do FCT e do FGCT, o qual antecipa e paga, parte ou a totalidade, dos créditos que o trabalhador não consiga cobrar do empregador insolvente, visando acautelar eficazmente a função alimentar desempenhada pelo salário, ao disponibilizar em tempo útil as importâncias em dívida para que o trabalhador possa satisfazer as suas necessidades pessoais e, eventualmente, as do seu agregado familiar. Por último analisaremos os efeitos dos acordos de recuperação celebrados no âmbito do PER e do SIREVE, bem como do plano de pagamentos, nos créditos laborais.

Crisis of work as a social integration factor

This article analyzes the process of deterioration of the work as a source of social rights and as a social integration element. The context of this process is the passage of a wage-labour society with stable employment to other where the labour relations are deregulated. This aim was tackled by means of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Secondary sources of statistical information were used together with interviews to experts of the institutional sphere. The results of this research show the emergence of a new exclusive model of social cohesion based on intensification and generalization of social inequalities and job insecurity. In this new model of social cohesion, it is noted that the integration strategies of people have less and less support from Government and people are neglected. This process appears in the four spheres that classify the social exclusion risks factors: the structural, the institutional, the relational and the individual.

Waged domestic work in Argentina: the regulation of care provision

This paper addresses the condition of domestic work in Argentina, in a perspective that draws from the literature on care work. In this approach, domestic work can be interpreted as one of the mercantile forms in which care work is socially organized, due to the persistence of the traditional sexual division of labor and the weakness of public policies. From these considerations, I develop a quantitative study on the levels of informality, precarity, and wage inequality that characterize domestic work in that country. Thereafter, I discuss the main measures adopted by the Argentine government since 2003, with the goal of reducing legal discrimination of domestic workers and promoting their formalization. On this basis, the paper highlights the advances in the recognition of domestic workers’ labor rights, while emphasizing how social and cultural restraints still permeate labor relations in this sector.

Respuestas sindicales ante el desafío de la empresa-red: sector petroquímico y nuclear

El modelo de empresa-red constituye un desafío para los sistemas de relaciones laborales. Dicho modelo cuestiona el papel de las instituciones colectivas de trabajo, concebidas históricamente en el marco de una organización integrada verticalmente según el modelo fordista. En efecto, la empresa dispersa o el recurso a la subcontratación son contextos cada vez más habituales, en los cuales la organización del trabajo se encuentra disociada de la empresa en sentido jurídico y patrimonial, y donde se establecen relaciones de trabajo triangulares de facto entre empresa principal, empresa de servicios y trabajadores. La búsqueda de respuestas a esta problemática apunta a la reconstrucción de solidaridades entre los trabajadores, pasando por la acción de los representantes de los trabajadores. A partir de un estudio de casos llevado a cabo en dos industrias de flujo, la industria nuclear y la petroquímica, este artículo se propone analizar los efectos de la triangulación de la relación salarial a nivel de planta, y dos procesos experimentales de organización sindical y de negociación colectiva territorial que buscan dar respuesta a la problemática de la subcontratación. El artículo analiza los resultados y límites de dichas experiencias para reconstruir una “comunidad de trabajo” inclusiva de los trabajadores subcontratistas.

Crisis, educación y precariedad-afluencia. El rol de la educación en las condiciones de vida de la población española

El objeto de este artículo es estudiar la influencia del nivel educativo (capital cultural) en los procesos de precariedad-afluencia de la población española entre los años posteriores a la crisis de inicio de la década de 1990 y los años más duros de la crisis de 2007. A partir de los datos de las encuestas PHOGUE y ECV del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) se han construido cuatro indicadores para medir la precariedad laboral, de ingresos, de salud y de vivienda y su distribución según distintas variables demográficas. Se pretende contrastar la hipótesis de que más educación significa más protección frente a la precariedad, estudiando diferentes condiciones de las condiciones de vida y existencia en momentos tanto de crecimiento como de crisis económica. Mediante un análisis multivariable se intenta determinar el nivel de impacto del capital cultural, alcance, evolución y, sobre todo, si sus efectos positivos o negativos están en proceso de expansión o desaceleración. El resultado tiene una doble aportación: de un lado, metodológica, consistente en la construcción de los indicadores; de otro lado, los resultados, con los que se puede reevaluar algunas generalizaciones sobre la pérdida de importancia del rol de la educación en las sociedades contemporáneas.

Caracterização da economia solidária à luz do ambiente isonômico de Guerreiro Ramos: um estudo no Grupo Mulheres Decididas a Vencer

The Solidary Economy is an area that has shown unusual traits to what is preached in the traditional economic organizations, even organizations that have very similar principles, as some cooperatives. This trait is approaching the concept of isonomy proposed by Ramos (1989). Given this context, and the notion that the isonomy is like a ideal type, the objective this work was to evidence particulars of isonomic environment the in economic and solidarity experiences, taking as an empirical research area the Grupo de Mulheres Decididas a Vencer, considered a solidary economic enterprise. For this, we used the descriptive-exploratory research of qualitative nature, where the object of such research is the know enterprise, therefore, also characterized as a case study, which were taken as research subjects six associates, they being the most active in the enterprise. From the five categories that characterize isonomy - minimum standards prescribing, self-gratifying activity, activities undertaken as a vocation, wide system of making decision and primaries interpersonal relations - and from the traits of a solidary economic enterprise the data analysis was built, through content analysis, specifically the categorial analysis. Given this context and reality in which it is Grupo de Mulheres Decididas a Vencer, with minimal rules and procedures for conducting activities, comparing them to a therapy, women choosing to insert in that environment, faced with a democratic space and unfettered bureaucracy in professional interpersonal relationships, in others words, an organizational space where they were shown signs of substantive rationality was possible to conclude that the Group will share experiences and characteristics of isonomy. This disclosure meets the multidimensional social that presupposes Paraecomomic Paradigm, enabling man to enter in different social environments of the economy in order to search for self-actualization

L’impact des formations formelles sur le revenu et la durée du chômage des immigrants qualifiés dès l’arrivée au Québec

Cette étude évalue l’impact des formations formelles sur le revenu et la durée du chômage des immigrants de la classe des travailleurs qualifiés résidant dans la province de Québec. En effet, elle cherche à vérifier l’adéquation entre les formations formelles et les caractéristiques observables de ces immigrants d’une part, puis l’adéquation entre ces formations et la situation économique des immigrants d’autre part. Après avoir effectué une analyse descriptive de la base de données, la méthode d’appariement multiple basée sur les scores de propension généralisés est utilisée pour estimer l’effet causal des formations formelles sur le revenu et la durée du chômage des immigrants. De plus, la méthode de régression par quantile est utilisée pour faire ressortir l’effet causal de ces formations par quantile. En moyenne, les résultats de l’étude montrent que les formations formelles diminuent la durée de chômage des participants, avec une baisse de 580 jours pour les participants aux formations linguistiques. Les effets quantiles des formations professionnelles et académiques sont plus élevés sur le 75è quantile des distributions de la durée du chômage, avec des baisses respectives de 491 et 495 jours. Cependant, les formations formelles n’augmentent pas le revenu des participants. C’est pourquoi le gouvernement du Québec doit bien clarifier ses objectifs d’immigration selon l’augmentation de l’employabilité d’une part ou selon l’augmentation du niveau salarial d’autre part. Pour une optimisation des ressources, il est recommandé au gouvernement d’orienter les immigrants vers les formations linguistiques car elles diminuent plus la durée du chômage et de chercher la meilleure politique qui permettrait de rattraper l’écart salarial entre les participants et les non-participants des formations.

Retención del talento humano en tiempos de cambio

"Retención del talento humano en tiempos de cambio” tiene como principal objetivo encontrar los factores más importantes en este aspecto que tienen nueve empresas representativas de Antioquia con presencia en Colombia y otros lugares de la geografía mundial; además, abordar estas empresas para conocer el estado actual de los procesos de gestión del talento humano como motor para fortalecer la retención y encontrar tendencias en las prácticas de estas organizaciones -- Se parte de una revisión bibliográfica, que considera variables intrínsecas y extrínsecas (que analizan los impactos hacia el ser y el hacer, respectivamente) -- Posteriormente se realizan entrevistas con los líderes de gestión humana de esas empresas, de las cuales se puede concluir que: primero, la gestión continua y de muchos años para fortalecer el liderazgo de los jefes redunda en un clima laboral que permite la retención de sus trabajadores; segundo, es importante permitir al trabajador desarrollarse dentro de la organización entendiendo la transición que empiezan a afrontar estas empresas por la necesidad de contratar jóvenes a los que motivan la alta exposición y el asumir retos evitando trabajos monótonos y repetitivos; tercero, se deben considerar aspectos como la diversidad y la inclusión, los beneficios que ofrece la empresa, y los paquetes de beneficios que cada día son más dinámicos e intentan ser totalmente flexibles para todos los trabajadores, y en menor escala el factor salarial -- Se hace claridad en que cada una de las compañías abordadas ofrecen a sus trabajadores salarios competitivos acordes a los cargos, roles y el sector en el cual trabajan, además de un salario emocional que los impacta directamente y también beneficia sus familias -- El presente estudio se realizó sobre una población de nueve empresas: Grupo Argos, Grupo Bancolombia, Grupo EPM, Organización Corona, Protección, Servicios Nutresa, Sura Asset Management, Sofasa-Renault y la Universidad Eafit -- Todas ellas generan un impacto alto en la tasa de empleo de la ciudad de Medellín y de Colombia, son altamente reconocidas en Colombia, América Latina y otras partes del mundo

Distribución factorial del ingreso en el Perú 1940-2013

El estudio reconstruye y analiza la evolución de la distribución factorial del ingreso en el Perú, durante 1940 y 2013. La evaluación de dichas relaciones se desarrolla en tres etapas: 1) la reconstrucción de las series históricas de la estructura del empleo y la distribución factorial, 2) el análisis de la composición de la participación salarial en tres elementos fundamentales (productividad, tasa media de salario y tasa de asalarización) y 3) la utilización de estas series en comparación con los resultados para algunos países de Latinoamérica y de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Los resultados muestran que la participación salarial en el ingreso nacional ha venido cayendo desde inicios de los años sesenta y que la participación de las ganancias la ha superado desde la década de los noventa. Se explora la relación entre crecimiento económico y participación salarial, a partir del análisis histórico de las series estimadas.

L’association Duterimbere et la promotion du crédit aux femmes rwandaises : cas de la préfecture de la ville de Kigali

Depuis longtemps, les femmes du monde entier en général et rwandaises en particulier sont restées et restent encore, sauf quelques rares exceptions, en marge des activités de développement économique ou s'y sont intéressées tardivement. Dépourvues de propriété et de biens, les femmes n'ont que le droit de l'usufruit sur le patrimoine familial dont seuls les garçons sont héritiers. Retenues par les travaux domestiques et agricoles non rémunérateurs, les femmes ne disposent pas d'argent, à part de petites sommes qui leur sont remises par leur mari, destinées à défrayer les dépenses courantes (achat de sel, pétrole, savon etc.). Depuis un certain temps, la terre arable se fait plus rare et de plus en plus improductive. Les femmes deviennent chefs de famille suite au veuvage, à l'abandon du toit conjugal par les hommes, à la tolérance des enfants illégitimes. Pour ces raisons certaines femmes abandonnent les activités agricoles ou les associent au petit commerce, à l'artisanat et aux divers métiers non structurés apportant un revenu monétaire immédiat pour faire vivre leurs familles. Cependant l'accès aux ressources de production n'est pas facile. Malgré la possession d'une capacité de travail admirable, les femmes se heurtent à l'acquisition des ressources naturelles et du capital de risque qui constitue une base importante pour la réussite de ce genre d'activité d'appoint. La majorité des femmes n'ayant pas de revenu salarial ou autres revenus permanents, l'accès au crédit se présente comme un tabou. Cela est dû à plusieurs facteurs dont les plus fréquents se résument par le manque de garantie, l'absence ou l'insuffisance d'information et de formation en matière de crédit, la sous-estimation par les banquiers des femmes dans les affaires, etc. Pour faire face à cette situation, les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) extérieures ayant des projets de développement dans le pays octroyaient de temps en temps des crédits aux femmes ou les avalisaient auprès des banques. Mais une fois que le projet en question arrive à terme, cette activité d'appui aux femmes s'arrête sans laisser aucune structure de continuité. Le Centre de formation et de recherche coopératives et le ministère de la Jeunesse et du Mouvement associatif prennent la relève en avalisant les coopératives et les groupements (y compris ceux des femmes) auprès des banques populaires. Toutefois leur soutien reste encore insignifiant face au problème. C'est dans cette optique qu'en mai 1987, pour tenter de briser ce mythe à l'égard des femmes en matière d'accès au crédit, l'association «Duterimbere» («Allons de l'avant») fut créée par un groupe de femmes intellectuelles, en tant qu'organisation locale sans but lucratif. Celle-ci vient se joindre à d'autres intervenants qui déploient des efforts pour relever le défi d'inaccessibilité des femmes au crédit. Préoccupée par ce problème, nous partirons de l'analyse des services de l'association Duterimbere à l'égard des femmes pour pouvoir apprécier en quoi Duterimbere se distingue d'autres ONG ou structures d'appui aux femmes. Le projet de création d'un service d'épargne et de crédit que nous nous proposons d'intégrer parmi les services de Duterimbere serait, à notre avis, d'un apport non négligeable et viendrait parachever le soutien de Duterimbere aux femmes, au moins en ce qui concerne les petits crédits.