Participación de los adultos mayores del municipio de Cachipay – Cundinamarca en la construcción de una política pública que responda al fenómeno del envejecimiento

El interés de esta Investigación Diagnóstica es mostrar la importancia de la participación social de los adultos mayores en el proceso de diseño de políticas públicas en el Municipio de Cachipay. Se demuestra que las necesidades sentidas y las expectativas de atención integral identificadas desde los adultos mayores, aportan información fundamental y complementaria a los diagnósticos elaborados con base únicamente en fuentes institucionales. Tomando conceptos de vulnerabilidad, exclusión social, el principio de respeto a los derechos humanos y siguiendo la norma nacional contenida en la Ley 1251 de 2008 de envejecimiento y vejez, la investigación avanza en la identificación de conceptos, instrumentos y dinámicas de participación social, para que el gobierno local diseñe políticas públicas concertadas que garanticen una vida digna a la población de la tercera edad.

Indice de competitividad para las empresas en los sectores estratégicos de Colombia

Este trabajo es un esfuerzo por hacer una calificación objetiva de la competitividad de las empresas dentro del sector estratégico de importación y comercialización de frutas en Colombia, para eso se propone un índice que analiza unas variables que aunque no son las únicas que definen si una empresa es o no competitiva, sí hacen un acercamiento importante a lo que los autores de la administración moderna proponen dentro de este tema que está tan actual, pero a la vez tan popular. Aunque generalmente se hacen juicios de valor para aseverar que una empresa es buena o no lo es, el trabajo que aquí se pretendió hacer, fue dejar de un lado la subjetividad para hacer esos juicios y optar por crear una herramienta con un fondo matemático sustentable, que aunque seguramente con errores, es susceptible a mejoras y sugerencias, pero en principio trata de sentar una base para que sobre ésta se profundice en el tema.

The “War on Terror” and the Principle of Distinction in International Humanitarian La

Las nuevas amenazas a la seguridad que han surgido en los últimos años están poniendo seriamente en juego la importancia y la implementación del derecho internacional humanitario. Este artículo investiga el impacto de la guerra del terror en el principio de distinción en el derecho internacional humanitario. Examina, de forma específica, prácticas estatales, por ejemplo, de los Estados Unidos, que han cedido frente al surgimiento de nuevas reglas relativas al principio de distinción. Para esto, se hace un análisis de dicho principio bajo dos perspectivas: blancos concretos y captura

Equilibrium Principle in Colombian Public Contracting

Public contracting in Colombia is conflicting and inefficient. It frequently leads to damage to State property. The Colombian legal system cannot assure efficient and transparent public contracting. The cause is the institutional environment characterized by high transaction costs. Colombian law worsens the process by recognizing the principle of economic equilibrium in public contracts. This principle increasese contract incompleteness and renders impossible the use of economic incentives to control the opportunism of the economic agents. The authors present the hypothesis that the economic equilibrium principle increases the conflictive nature of public contracting. They test the hypothesis empirically. The first section of the paper presents a summary of the literature on transaction costs economics, as well as the legal literature on the historical origin and the content of the economic equilibrium principle. The second section describes the methodology of the empirical study. The third section shows the empirical evidence of the effects that the economic equilibrium principle exerts over the public contracting. The last section presents the conclusions.

Exporting Culture: a Requirement for Competitive Internationalization*

his paper proposes a concept of “culture for internationalization” and “exporting culture” –a highly relevant concept for developing countries’ firms that are likely to follow a gradualinternationalization process– based on the strong relationship binding the concept proposed to strategy and systemic competitiveness. These three items are paramount to Understand the conditions underlying internationalizationas it is characterized by particular traits that make it a key alternative for a firm’s growth and successful perdurability based on competitiveness. “Culture for internationalization” and its variation, “exporting culture”, overflow the conceptsof organizational or corporate culture and involve some major interaction among the micro, meso and macro levels of a national economy in order to operationalize strategies thatpromote such culture and assure successful firm and economy internationalization. Discussion remains open as to the concept and its applicability with the hope that it contributesto the understanding and creation of appropriate conditions for firms to be able to access international markets with greater advantage and generate as much benefit as possible totheir nations, particularly in developing countries. 

Integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria

Con el siguiente proyecto se pretende explicar cómo se realiza la integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria, debido a que las organizaciones utilizan conceptos comunitarios. Se analizan las principales estrategias de mercadeo como marketing mix, geomarketing, mercadeo de servicios, mercadeo relacional y mercadeo social. Se explican las técnicas de mercadeo como mercadeo directo, diferenciación de productos, segmentación de mercado, investigación de mercados, inteligencia de mercados, optimización de canales de distribución y comercio electrónico. Adicionalmente, se exponen las estrategias comunitarias como coaliciones comunitarias, organizaciones de base, liderazgo comunitario y empoderamiento. La metodología implementada para este proyecto es de tipo teórico-conceptual y reúne los aportes de varios documentos científicos de diversas áreas del conocimiento. Las fuentes de información, conceptos y teorías se seleccionan según el criterio del investigador en función de las posibilidades descriptivas de la integración propuesta. En esta investigación se concluye que las técnicas y las estrategias de mercadeo permiten la comunicación entre las organizaciones y las comunidades. Esto posibilita que exista participación entre ambas partes y es un factor clave para el surgimiento de la relación estratégica comunitaria. Se recomienda realizar investigaciones posteriores sobre la relación estratégica comunitaria, aplicadas a organizaciones y comunidades.

Teaching English to children : from practice to principle. 'Enseñando inglés a los niños : de la práctica a la teoría'.

El libro comprende un total de 22 artículos escritos por diversos autores acerca de la enseñanza del inglés en distintos países, intentando partir de la práctica para llegar a sus fundamentos teóricos. Va dirigido a los profesores de lengua inglesa y ofrece una visión general sobre las ideas y la práctica de la enseñanza del inglés a los niños. Incluye un estudio detallado de técnicas, metodología, diseño del currículo y programación a partir de la práctica. En los últimos capítulos hay una amplia introducción de los aspectos teóricos del tema.

Prolongements de l'Algèbre booléenne : algèbre des opérations d'exclusion et d'incompatibilité.'Prolongamientos del Álgebra booleana: el álgebra de las operaciones de exclusión y de incompatibilidad'.

Texto en francés

Improving awareness about the meaning of the principle of mathematical induction. 'Fomentar la conciencia sobre el significado del principio de inducción matemática'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Didactics–promoting collaborative work and personal learning environment. Critical, creative and autonomous roles in a competitive society

School has evolved from a place where knowledge is provided to a place where learners are helped to develop their professional and social skills. Consequently, education must evolve through big challenges in order to face the changes of society in the XXIst century

Neoconservatism in the United States and the institutionalized exclusion of Poor Women

Public Assistance to the poor in the United States was always been reluctant and especially cruel to women. A society that from the outset prized Kantian principles of individual freedom over Rousseau’s notions of social contract and that was dominated by a puritanical morality saw poverty as self-made. If individuals had freedom of choice, bad outcomes were necessarily caused by bad choices. The poor had themselves to blame.

Museologial process : exclusion criteria

In the last few years, reflections around knowledge building in the museology area have increased considerably, allowing us to cast many gazes over our actions, and, consequently, enabling us to a wider debate around our professional action field, decreasing our exclusion from the academic environment – museologists reproducing the knowledge produced in other areas. In the present work, we shall approach some issues related to the museological process, taking as a reference several studies about the subject, which, due to the time given to us in this round table, could not be re-presented here for discussion. Besides, we have dedicated a chapter to such approach in our publication titled “Museological Process and Education: building a didactic-community museum”. So we have opted instead to carry out a reflection about exclusion, looking into the museum institution and into the application of museological processes; in other words, we shall carry out a self-criticism, in which I include myself, affecting an analysis that will be debated here, considering, additionally, that the museums and museological practices are in relation to the other social global practices, therefore, they are the result of human relations at each historical moment. Finally, based on our lived experience, we shall give continuity to our reflection process, highlighting the importance of knowledge production for the area of museology and the relevance of the theory-practice relation, punctuating some aspects we think that may contribute to the construction of a museological action that may serve as a historical elaboration in securing a space for self- determination.

What kind of European Banking Union? Bruegel Policy Contribution [2012/12?]June 25, 2012

This paper discusses the creation of a European Banking Union. First, we discuss questions of design. We highlight seven fundamental choices that decision makers will need to make: Which EU countries should participate in the banking union? To which categories of banks should it apply? Which institution should be tasked with supervision? Which one should deal with resolution? How centralised should the deposit insurance system be? What kind of fiscal backing would be required? What governance framework and political institutions would be needed? In terms of geographical scope, we see the coverage of the banking union of the euro area as necessary and of additional countries as desirable, even though this would entail important additional economic difficulties. The system should ideally cover all banks within the countries included, in order to prevent major competitive and distributional distortions. Supervisory authority should be granted either to both the ECB and a new agency, or to a new agency alone. National supervisors, acting under the authority of the European supervisor, would be tasked with the supervision of smaller banks in accordance with the subsidiarity principle. A European resolution authority should be established, with the possibility of drawing on ESM resources. A fully centralized deposit insurance system would eventually be desirable, but a system of partial reinsurance may also be envisaged at least in a first phase. A banking union would require at least implicit European fiscal backing, with significant political authority and legitimacy. Thus, banking union cannot be considered entirely separately from fiscal union and political union. The most difficult challenge of creating a European banking union lies with the short-term steps towards its eventual implementation. Many banks in the euro area, and especially in the crisis countries, are currently under stress and the move towards banking union almost certainly has significant distributional implications. Yet it is precisely because banks are under such stress that early and concrete action is needed. An overarching principle for such action is to minimize the cost to the tax payers. The first step should be to create a European supervisor that will anchor the development of the future banking union. In parallel, a capability to quickly assess the true capital position of the system’s most important banks should be created, for which we suggest establishing a temporary European Banking Sector Task Force working together with the European supervisor and other authorities. Ideally, problems identified by this process should be resolved by national authorities; in case fiscal capacities would prove insufficient, the European level would take over in the country concerned with some national financial participation, or in an even less likely adverse scenario, in all participating countries at once. This approach would require the passing of emergency legislation in the concerned countries that would give the Task Force the required access to information and, if necessary, further intervention rights. Thus, the principle of fiscal responsibility of respective member states for legacy costs would be preserved to the maximum extent possible, and at the same time, market participants and the public would be reassured that adequate tools are in place to address any eventuality.