A organização do trabalho pedagógico na escola e o sistema apostilado de ensino: estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Gestão escolar democrática, participação e autonomia: realidade ou utopia?

This paper analyzed the relation between participation and school autonomy, observing Director actions and School Council actions and if school has pedagogic, administrative and financial autonomy. This is a descriptive search, with quantitative approach, realized in 47 state schools in Rio Grande do Norte, and composed by 292 participants, divided in 3 groups (Direction, Coordination and School Council). The instrument to catch data was a questionnaire and the data treatment realized by way descriptive statistic and inferences using X 2 test. The results show that school administration is composed in great part by women with specialization grade. All schools have School Council and Financial Council, but have not Parents and Masters Association and just one of them has Student Guild. The direction choose process is, in 83% of the schools, by elective way. The indicators show that the relation involving family, society and school stays weak, but Directors, Coordinators and School Council members develop their functions with coherence. About autonomy, it is limited and presents correlation with participation, but the educational system stays rigid and centralizer

La concurrence entre écoles accroît-elle les effets de composition ?

La ségrégation entre écoles se caractérise par des différences dans la composition des établissements qui peuvent être analysées à partir d’une diversité de points de vue. Dans ce texte, les auteurs s’intéressent en particulier aux effets de composition, c’est-à-dire à l’influence sur chacun des élèves des caractéristiques globales de l’ensemble des élèves de leur établissement. Ils y proposent un schème d’interprétation qui a pour but de raisonner sur les conditions institutionnelles favorables à l’émergence des effets de composition. Ce schème vise à rendre compte de la diversité des résultats de recherches relatives aux effets de composition, en posant l’hypothèse que ceux-ci sont maximisés dans un environnement institutionnel qui combine une latitude dans le choix de l’école et une autonomie importante des établissements.

La concurrence entre écoles accroît-elle les effets de composition ?

La ségrégation entre écoles se caractérise par des différences dans la composition des établissements qui peuvent être analysées à partir d’une diversité de points de vue. Dans ce texte, les auteurs s’intéressent en particulier aux effets de composition, c’est-à-dire à l’influence sur chacun des élèves des caractéristiques globales de l’ensemble des élèves de leur établissement. Ils y proposent un schème d’interprétation qui a pour but de raisonner sur les conditions institutionnelles favorables à l’émergence des effets de composition. Ce schème vise à rendre compte de la diversité des résultats de recherches relatives aux effets de composition, en posant l’hypothèse que ceux-ci sont maximisés dans un environnement institutionnel qui combine une latitude dans le choix de l’école et une autonomie importante des établissements.

Tobias Feldhoff: Schule organisieren, Der Beitrag von Steuergruppen und Organisationalem Lernen zur Schulentwicklung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Tobias Feldhoff: Schule organisieren, Der Beitrag von Steuergruppen und Organisationalem Lernen zur Schulentwicklung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2011 (322 S.; ISBN 978-3-531-18100-4)

No crisol das lógicas de territorialização educativa nas escolas portuguesas se frágua a ação do poder político local e das parcerias

Abordamos hermenêuticamente a descentralização e a territorialização educativa em Portugal, numa tríade de relações: ‘escola-comunidade educativa’, parceria socioeducativa e política educativa local. A intervenção do poder local na educação processa-se numa perspetiva instrumental virada para o desenvolvimento e coesão social. As autarquias são os parceiros responsáveis pela educação e os professores valorizam a relação escola-comunidade educativa, principalmente na promoção da qualidade. A relação ’escola-poder local’ efetua-se numa interação participativa dos laços redutores e promotores da administração e gestão escolar, com lógicas de ação e racionalização das parcerias.

Que alternativa ao currículo regular no ensino básico?

Encaramos o currículo como um projeto em constante transformação, que tendo por referência o currículo nacional, é adequado ao seu públicoalvo, os alunos. No contexto de cada comunidade onde a escola está inserida, a definição das ofertas educativas/curriculares assume maior pertinência, podendo contemplar componentes locais e regionais do currículo, valorizando as caraterísticas de cada região e, sobretudo, engrandecer os talentos dos alunos, de acordo com as suas especificidades individuais. A reflexão, realizada em torno das dificuldades que muitos alunos têm em realizar as aprendizagens previstas no currículo oficial, deu origem a uma questão central: Que alternativa ao currículo regular no ensino básico? Na procura de respostas à questão, abordamos o nascimento da escola e conceitualização de currículo, a evolução da formação para o mundo do trabalho, a diversificação curricular e a autonomia da escola. O estudo empírico seguiu uma metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso e centrou-se: na análise documental do Projeto Educativo do Agrupamento; inquérito por questionário aos alunos do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico, regular e cursos vocacionais; inquérito por entrevistas semiestruturadas ao Presidente do Conselho Geral do Agrupamento, Diretora do Agrupamento, Coordenadoras de Departamento, Coordenador dos Cursos Vocacionais e representante no Conselho Pedagógico dos Serviços de Psicologia e Orientação. Expomos as conclusões da investigação através da triangulação dos dados obtidos com os instrumentos de recolha. Como resposta à questão inicial, apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao currículo regular do ensino básico, que procura diversificar a oferta.

Prioritizing social and moral learning amid conservative curriculum trends: spaces of possibility

Conservative trends across western schooling contexts are signalling an explicit devaluing of social and moral learning within their official curriculum mandates. These mandates are increasingly privileging the ‘academic rigour’ of traditional subject disciplines. This paper draws on interview and observation data from a case study of a large and highly diverse English secondary school to explore this school’s prioritizing of social and moral learning. Such prioritizing is supported at this school by its ‘Academy’ status—which in the English context allows schools a measure of freedom over curriculum as part of broader government moves to increase school autonomy. The paper’s focus is on how these conservative trends are understood and disrupted to support a critical view of existing curriculum and a desire to modify and re-shape it to support more relevant and connected learning for students. The paper describes particular examples of practice at the school in the areas of Citizenship and Religious Education to illustrate this approach. Engaging with social and moral learning along these lines is argued as productive in working within and against the constraints of current conservative curriculum priorities.

The dynamics of individual teacher autonomy: A case study of teachers' work in a Queensland secondary school

The emphasis on collegiality and collaboration in the literature on teachers' work and school reform has tended to underplay the significance of teacher autonomy. This thesis explores the dynamics of teachers' understandings and experiences of individual teacher autonomy (as contrasted with collective autonomy) in an independent school in Queensland which promoted itself as a 'teachers' school' with a strong commitment to individual teacher autonomy. The research was a case study which drew on methodological signposts from critical, feminist and traditional ethnography. Intensive fieldwork in the school over five months incorporated the ethnographic techniques of observation, interviews and document analysis. Teachers at Thornton College understood their experience of individual autonomy at three interrelated levels--in terms of their work in the classroom, their working life in the school, and their voice in the decision-making processes of the school. They felt that they experienced a great deal of individual autonomy at each of these three levels. These understandings and experiences of autonomy were encumbered or enabled by a range of internal and external stakeholder groups. There were also a number of structural influences (community perceptions, market forces, school size, time and bureaucracy) emerging from the economic, social and political structures in Australian society which influenced the experience of autonomy by teachers. The experience of individual teacher autonomy was constantly shifting, but there were some emergent patterns. Consensus on educational goals and vision, and strong expressions of trust and respect between teachers and stakeholders in the school, characterised the contexts in which teachers felt they experienced high levels of autonomy in their work. The demand for accountability and desire for relatedness motivated stakeholders and structural forces to influence teacher autonomy. Some significant gaps emerged between the rhetoric of a commitment to individual teacher autonomy and decision-making practices in the school, that gave ultimate power to the co-principals. Despite the rhetoric and promotion of non-hierarchical structures and collaborative decision-making processes, many teachers perceived that their experience of individual autonomy remained subject to the exercise of 'partial democracy' by school leaders.

Construction and modification of the autonomy of school mathematical knowledge in Portugal

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Maternal support for autonomy : relationships with persistence for children with Down syndrome and typically developing children

Maternal behaviors and child mastery behaviors were examined in 25 children with Down syndrome and 43 typically developing children matched for mental age (24–36 months). During a shared problem-solving task, there were no group differences in maternal directiveness or support for autonomy, and mothers in the two groups used similar verbal strategies when helping their child. There were also no group differences in child mastery behaviors, measured as persistence with two optimally challenging tasks. However, the two groups differed in the relationships of maternal style with child persistence. Children with Down syndrome whose mothers were more supportive of their autonomy in the shared task displayed greater persistence when working independently on a challenging puzzle, while children of highly directive mothers displayed lower levels of persistence. For typically developing children, persistence was unrelated to maternal style, suggesting that mother behaviors may have different causes or consequences in the two groups.

Advance Directives and the Promotion of Autonomy: a Comparative Australian Statutory Analysis

Legislation regulating advance directives exists in six Australian jurisdictions. In all of these jurisdictions, legislation was enacted to enshrine the common law right of a competent adult to refuse treatment in advance, even if that treatment was required to sustain life. It was thought that enshrining the common law would also enshrine the principle of autonomy on which the common law was based. This article explores whether this is the case by examining the legislative restrictions that are imposed on a competent adult who wishes to complete an advance directive refusing treatment. The article reviews the legislation in all Australian jurisdictions and concludes that, while many of the legislative restrictions can be justified, many cannot as they effectively erode rather than promote the right of a competent adult to refuse treatment.

Advance Directives Refusing Treatment as an Expression of Autonomy: Do the Courts Practise What They Preach?

The principle of autonomy is at the heart of the right of a competent individual to make an advance directive that refuses life-sustaining medical treatment, and to have that directive complied with by medical professionals. That right is protected by both the common law and, to an extent, by legislation that has been enacted in the United Kingdom and many jurisdictions in Australia. The courts have a critical role in protecting that autonomy, both in those jurisdictions in which the common law continues to operate, and in those jurisdictions which are now governed by statute, and in which judicial determinations will need to be made about legislative provisions. The problem explored in this article is that while the judiciary espouses the importance of autonomy in its judgments, that rhetoric is frequently not reflected in the decisions that are reached. In the United Kingdom and Australia, there is a relatively small number of decisions that consider the validity and applicability of advance directives that refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. This article critically evaluates all of the publicly available decisions and concludes that there is cause for concern. In some cases, there has been an unprincipled evolution of common law principles, while in others there has been inappropriate adjudication through operational irregularities or failure to apply correct legal principles. Further, some decisions appear to be based on a strained interpretation of the facts of the case. The apparent reluctance of some members of the judiciary to give effect to advance directives that refuse treatment is also evidenced by the language used in the judgments. While the focus of this article is on common law decisions, reference will also be made to legislation and the extent to which it has addressed some of the problems identified in this article.

Dragline automation - a decade of development : shared autonomy for improving mining equipment productivity

Draglines are massive machines commonly used in surface mining to strip overburden, revealing the targeted minerals for extraction. Automating some or all of the phases of operation of these machines offers the potential for significant productivity and maintenance benefits. The mining industry has a history of slow uptake of automation systems due to the challenges contained in the harsh, complex, three-dimensional (3D), dynamically changing mine operating environment. Robotics as a discipline is finally starting to gain acceptance as a technology with the potential to assist mining operations. This article examines the evolution of robotic technologies applied to draglines in the form of machine embedded intelligent systems. Results from this work include a production trial in which 250,000 tons of material was moved autonomously, experiments demonstrating steps towards full autonomy, and teleexcavation experiments in which a dragline in Australia was tasked by an operator in the United States.