La alimentación en EI, EP y en la ESO.

Los objetivos son conocer el binomio alimentación-salud; distinguir entre buena y mala alimentación; fomentar consumidores críticos en materia de calidad alimentaria; atender al cuidado e higiene personal para lograr desarrollo sano; y aprovechar las campañas institucionales para desarrollar actitudes favorecedoras de la educación para la salud. Se trabaja en las tutorías y en jornadas como la Semana de la Nutrición, del Desarrollo Mediterráneo, de la Convivencia o de la Diversidad, donde se degustan productos y recetas de diferentes culturas. Se realiza una encuesta para conocer los hábitos alimenticios, se estudia la publicidad en Navidad y se trabaja en talleres y en el huerto escolar. En Educación Infantil se organizan fiestas alrededor de los alimentos para estudiar los frutos de temporada y potenciar su consumo; en Primaria, se elaboran murales con el origen de los alimentos y la dieta equilibrada; y en Secundaria se trata, con un libro-fórum, la anorexia y la relación nutrición-deporte. Se evalúa la participación,el grado de satisfacción, el material confeccionado y el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos..

Lengua y Literatura : EP primer ciclo. Programación.

Libro guía que presenta la siguiente estructura: - Una explicación de la etapa, su integración dentro del conjunto del sistema educativo, sus objetivos, la orientación de los contenidos, los criterios de evaluación y su metodología. - Una explicación del ciclo correspondiente (objetivos, metodología y criterios de evaluación) y de las características del alumno de esta edad a las que se ha atendido en la elaboración de los materiales curriculares. - El análisis del área concreta en la etapa, con su organigrama y la distribución de los contenidos por ciclos, y en el ciclo, con su metodología específica, objetivos y programación. -Un esquema del desarrollo de las unidades didácticas (distribución de los contenidos, actividades de aprendizaje y evaluación, vocabulario, etc.).

Matemáticas : EP primer ciclo. Programación.

Libro guía que presenta la siguiente estructura: - Una explicación de la etapa, su integración dentro del conjunto del sistema educativo, sus objetivos, la orientación de los contenidos, los criterios de evaluación y su metodología. - Una explicación del ciclo correspondiente (objetivos, metodología y criterios de evaluación) y de las características del alumno de esta edad a las que se ha atendido en la elaboración de los materiales curriculares. - El análisis del área concreta en la etapa, con su organigrama y la distribución de los contenidos por ciclos, y en el ciclo, con su metodología específica, objetivos y programación. -Un esquema del desarrollo de las unidades didácticas (distribución de los contenidos, actividades de aprendizaje y evaluación, vocabulario, etc.).

Conocimiento del medio : EP primer ciclo. Programación.

Libro guía que presenta la siguiente estructura: - Una explicación de la etapa, su integración dentro del conjunto del sistema educativo, sus objetivos, la orientación de los contenidos, los criterios de evaluación y su metodología. - Una explicación del ciclo correspondiente (objetivos, metodología y criterios de evaluación) y de las características del alumno de esta edad a las que se ha atendido en la elaboración de los materiales curriculares. - El análisis del área concreta en la etapa, con su organigrama y la distribución de los contenidos por ciclos, y en el ciclo, con su metodología específica, objetivos y programación. -Un esquema del desarrollo de las unidades didácticas (distribución de los contenidos, actividades de aprendizaje y evaluación, vocabulario, etc.).

Hybrid tasks : promoting statistical thinking and critical thinking through the same mathematical activities

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La construcci?? disciplin??ria del coneixement te??ric de l'educaci?? : cr??nica de discontinu??tats en tres actes i ep??leg

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

A hybrid approach of knowledge-based reasoning for structural assessment

La idea básica de detección de defectos basada en vibraciones en Monitorización de la Salud Estructural (SHM), es que el defecto altera las propiedades de rigidez, masa o disipación de energía de un sistema, el cual, altera la respuesta dinámica del mismo. Dentro del contexto de reconocimiento de patrones, esta tesis presenta una metodología híbrida de razonamiento para evaluar los defectos en las estructuras, combinando el uso de un modelo de la estructura y/o experimentos previos con el esquema de razonamiento basado en el conocimiento para evaluar si el defecto está presente, su gravedad y su localización. La metodología involucra algunos elementos relacionados con análisis de vibraciones, matemáticas (wavelets, control de procesos estadístico), análisis y procesamiento de señales y/o patrones (razonamiento basado en casos, redes auto-organizativas), estructuras inteligentes y detección de defectos. Las técnicas son validadas numérica y experimentalmente considerando corrosión, pérdida de masa, acumulación de masa e impactos. Las estructuras usadas durante este trabajo son: una estructura tipo cercha voladiza, una viga de aluminio, dos secciones de tubería y una parte del ala de un avión comercial.

Modelling, control and supervision for a class of hybrid systems

The aim of this thesis is to narrow the gap between two different control techniques: the continuous control and the discrete event control techniques DES. This gap can be reduced by the study of Hybrid systems, and by interpreting as Hybrid systems the majority of large-scale systems. In particular, when looking deeply into a process, it is often possible to identify interaction between discrete and continuous signals. Hybrid systems are systems that have both continuous, and discrete signals. Continuous signals are generally supposed continuous and differentiable in time, since discrete signals are neither continuous nor differentiable in time due to their abrupt changes in time. Continuous signals often represent the measure of natural physical magnitudes such as temperature, pressure etc. The discrete signals are normally artificial signals, operated by human artefacts as current, voltage, light etc. Typical processes modelled as Hybrid systems are production systems, chemical process, or continuos production when time and continuous measures interacts with the transport, and stock inventory system. Complex systems as manufacturing lines are hybrid in a global sense. They can be decomposed into several subsystems, and their links. Another motivation for the study of Hybrid systems is the tools developed by other research domains. These tools benefit from the use of temporal logic for the analysis of several properties of Hybrid systems model, and use it to design systems and controllers, which satisfies physical or imposed restrictions. This thesis is focused in particular types of systems with discrete and continuous signals in interaction. That can be modelled hard non-linealities, such as hysteresis, jumps in the state, limit cycles, etc. and their possible non-deterministic future behaviour expressed by an interpretable model description. The Hybrid systems treated in this work are systems with several discrete states, always less than thirty states (it can arrive to NP hard problem), and continuous dynamics evolving with expression: with Ki ¡ Rn constant vectors or matrices for X components vector. In several states the continuous evolution can be several of them Ki = 0. In this formulation, the mathematics can express Time invariant linear system. By the use of this expression for a local part, the combination of several local linear models is possible to represent non-linear systems. And with the interaction with discrete events of the system the model can compose non-linear Hybrid systems. Especially multistage processes with high continuous dynamics are well represented by the proposed methodology. Sate vectors with more than two components, as third order models or higher is well approximated by the proposed approximation. Flexible belt transmission, chemical reactions with initial start-up and mobile robots with important friction are several physical systems, which profits from the benefits of proposed methodology (accuracy). The motivation of this thesis is to obtain a solution that can control and drive the Hybrid systems from the origin or starting point to the goal. How to obtain this solution, and which is the best solution in terms of one cost function subject to the physical restrictions and control actions is analysed. Hybrid systems that have several possible states, different ways to drive the system to the goal and different continuous control signals are problems that motivate this research. The requirements of the system on which we work is: a model that can represent the behaviour of the non-linear systems, and that possibilities the prediction of possible future behaviour for the model, in order to apply an supervisor which decides the optimal and secure action to drive the system toward the goal. Specific problems can be determined by the use of this kind of hybrid models are: - The unity of order. - Control the system along a reachable path. - Control the system in a safe path. - Optimise the cost function. - Modularity of control The proposed model solves the specified problems in the switching models problem, the initial condition calculus and the unity of the order models. Continuous and discrete phenomena are represented in Linear hybrid models, defined with defined eighth-tuple parameters to model different types of hybrid phenomena. Applying a transformation over the state vector : for LTI system we obtain from a two-dimensional SS a single parameter, alpha, which still maintains the dynamical information. Combining this parameter with the system output, a complete description of the system is obtained in a form of a graph in polar representation. Using Tagaki-Sugeno type III is a fuzzy model which include linear time invariant LTI models for each local model, the fuzzyfication of different LTI local model gives as a result a non-linear time invariant model. In our case the output and the alpha measure govern the membership function. Hybrid systems control is a huge task, the processes need to be guided from the Starting point to the desired End point, passing a through of different specific states and points in the trajectory. The system can be structured in different levels of abstraction and the control in three layers for the Hybrid systems from planning the process to produce the actions, these are the planning, the process and control layer. In this case the algorithms will be applied to robotics ¡V a domain where improvements are well accepted ¡V it is expected to find a simple repetitive processes for which the extra effort in complexity can be compensated by some cost reductions. It may be also interesting to implement some control optimisation to processes such as fuel injection, DC-DC converters etc. In order to apply the RW theory of discrete event systems on a Hybrid system, we must abstract the continuous signals and to project the events generated for these signals, to obtain new sets of observable and controllable events. Ramadge & Wonham¡¦s theory along with the TCT software give a Controllable Sublanguage of the legal language generated for a Discrete Event System (DES). Continuous abstraction transforms predicates over continuous variables into controllable or uncontrollable events, and modifies the set of uncontrollable, controllable observable and unobservable events. Continuous signals produce into the system virtual events, when this crosses the bound limits. If this event is deterministic, they can be projected. It is necessary to determine the controllability of this event, in order to assign this to the corresponding set, , controllable, uncontrollable, observable and unobservable set of events. Find optimal trajectories in order to minimise some cost function is the goal of the modelling procedure. Mathematical model for the system allows the user to apply mathematical techniques over this expression. These possibilities are, to minimise a specific cost function, to obtain optimal controllers and to approximate a specific trajectory. The combination of the Dynamic Programming with Bellman Principle of optimality, give us the procedure to solve the minimum time trajectory for Hybrid systems. The problem is greater when there exists interaction between adjacent states. In Hybrid systems the problem is to determine the partial set points to be applied at the local models. Optimal controller can be implemented in each local model in order to assure the minimisation of the local costs. The solution of this problem needs to give us the trajectory to follow the system. Trajectory marked by a set of set points to force the system to passing over them. Several ways are possible to drive the system from the Starting point Xi to the End point Xf. Different ways are interesting in: dynamic sense, minimum states, approximation at set points, etc. These ways need to be safe and viable and RchW. And only one of them must to be applied, normally the best, which minimises the proposed cost function. A Reachable Way, this means the controllable way and safe, will be evaluated in order to obtain which one minimises the cost function. Contribution of this work is a complete framework to work with the majority Hybrid systems, the procedures to model, control and supervise are defined and explained and its use is demonstrated. Also explained is the procedure to model the systems to be analysed for automatic verification. Great improvements were obtained by using this methodology in comparison to using other piecewise linear approximations. It is demonstrated in particular cases this methodology can provide best approximation. The most important contribution of this work, is the Alpha approximation for non-linear systems with high dynamics While this kind of process is not typical, but in this case the Alpha approximation is the best linear approximation to use, and give a compact representation.

Researching and designing GREAT; the extremely condensed hybrid urban block

The fact that the hybrid building is an extremely condensed urban block which increases the city’s density and contributes to the public realm of the city – horizontally as well vertically - forms one of the key interests of this documentation, research and master studio work. The “ground scraper” is not only public because of the character of its plinth facing surrounding streets, but also in regard to its interior space that is partly accessible to public. As such the European hybrid building potentially extends the city’s public domain horizontally and vertically into the building’s interior and links the public domain inside and outside. Notwithstanding, the hybrid building due to its specific and unconventional character represents a truly urban architecture that was unfortunately often rejected in the name of ‘purity’ of form and function during the twentieth century. Or with other words, its rejection demonstrates the domination of the building’s plan opposed to the section. Today, new frameworks for the city, like the “compact city,” ask for innovative interpretations and designs of building types, worthy to be investigated and proposed. The architectural type of the hybrid building, (re)defines and expresses the relation between architecture and the city in a specific manner. To begin with, the city of Rotterdam forms the first test-case of the Hybrid’s project to document and discuss statements, such as “the hybrid building has a long- standing tradition within this ‘modern city”, “it is a machine for urbanity,” “it enlarges the city,” “it innovates because of its ambitiousness but also because of necessity,” “it combines to activate,” “it asks for extraordinary design intelligence and craftsmanship.” A special way of drawing is developed to document, analyse and compare historical and contemporary representatives of the species. The method includes panoply of scales ranging from the morphological arrangement on the scale of the city, the typologies of stacking diverse programs to the architectural features that establish the mutual relationship between the public space of the city and the interior of the building. Basically the features analysed within the series of drawings are also constitutional for (the success of) every future hybrid building.

Reading hybrid texts : remarks on text/image transitions

The reading of printed materials implies the visual processing of information originated in two distinct semiotic systems. The rapid identification of redundancy, complementation or contradiction rhetoric strategies between the two information types may be crucial for an adequate interpretation of bimodal materials. Hybrid texts (verbal and visual) are particular instances of bimodal materials, where the redundant information is often neglected while the complementary and the contradictory ones are essential.Studies using the 504 ASL eye-tracking system while reading either additive or exhibiting captions (Baptista, 2009) revealed fixations on the verbal material and transitions between the written and the pictorial in a much higher number and duration than the initially foreseen as necessary to read the verbal text. We therefore hypothesized that confirmation strategies of the written information are taking place, by using information available in the other semiotic system.Such eye-gaze patterns obtained from denotative texts and pictures seem to contradict some of the scarce existing data on visual processing of texts and images, namely cartoons (Carroll, Young and Guertain, 1992), descriptive captions (Hegarty, 1992 a and b), and advertising images with descriptive and explanatory texts (cf. Rayner and Rotello, 2001, who refer to a previous reading of the whole text before looking at the image, or even Rayner, Miller and Rotello, 2008 who refer to an earlier and longer look at the picture) and seem to consolidate findings of Radach et al. (2003) on systematic transitions between text and image.By framing interest areas in the printed pictorial material of non redundant hybrid texts, we have identified the specific areas where transitions take place after fixations in the verbal text. The way those transitions are processed brings a new interest to further research.

Genetic influences on early cochlear vulnerability to noise and protection from noise by low-dose kanamycin in hybrid mice

Experiments evaluated both noise vulnerability and the extent of protection from noise by sub-chronic low-dose kanamycin in young F1 hybrids resulting from a cross between C57BL/6J and CBA/J inbred mice.

Universidades Corporativas: aportes y desafíos en una empresa ecuatoriana caso CNT EP

El conocimiento, se ha convertido en un arma en el actual mundo globalizado, que permite la creación de valor en las organizaciones; para su gestión en varias empresas a nivel mundial se han creado centros de formación internos, conocidos como Universidades Corporativas, estas pretenden desarrollar perfiles profesionales y unificar la cultura corporativa, alineándose a la estrategia como una necesidad de desarrollo y expansión. En este trabajo, se propone la creación de la Universidad Corporativa de la Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones CNT EP, como una herramienta de desarrollo integral del talento humano que alineará los procesos de capacitación y formación con los perfiles profesionales y la estrategia empresarial. En el primer capítulo, se estudia la definición de una universidad corporativa como estrategia de gestión del conocimiento y los lineamientos para su diseño e implementación. En el segundo capítulo, se diseña el modelo de gestión de la Universidad Corporativa de CNT EP, así como las normativas para su funcionamiento. Se presenta dos casos prácticos, de diseño de perfiles profesionales y su malla curricular. Finalmente en el tercer capítulo se identifican los principales aportes y desafíos en el diseño e implementación de la Universidad Corporativa de la Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones CNT EP.

Análisis de la situación de logística y distribución del segmento móvil en la Corporación Nacional de Telecomunicaciones Empresa Pública CNT EP

Ofrece conceptos básicos para encuadrar el tema de estudio. Se realiza un análisis situacional de la CNT EP, desde su nacimiento, macro y micro ambiente y planificación estratégica que contempla el Plan de Negocios 2013 y la descripción de las operaciones. Estudia los procesos de logística móvil. Presentación de la estructura orgánica y funcional de la Gerencia Nacional Financiera, la Jefatura de Logística y Bodegas y Logística Móvil, se incursiona en temas como la cultura de área, los sistemas de formalización, transaccionales que utiliza y todo el proceso integral de área. Se realiza un análisis de tiempos en el proceso de envío de muestras comerciales para liberación del lote comercial. Se analiza un caso y se aplica una encuesta con el fin de extrapolar la información, esto permite evidenciar el problema de demora en la distribución y recojo de dispositivos móviles. Realiza una entrevista con expertos y se ejecuta un diagrama de Pareto, para luego aplicar la técnica de los 5 porqués y determinar el plan de acción a ejecutarse.

Diseño de una propuesta de gestión por resultados que no afecte al talento humano del Sector Público (Caso ENAMI EP)

El presente trabajo pretende analizar metodologías y herramientas de gestión vigentes en todas las instituciones que conforman el sector público ecuatoriano, se lo contrasta con otras y se presenta una propuesta de “Gestión por Resultados” que no afecte al talento humano, tomando como caso particular la Empresa Nacional Minera (ENAMI EP). Para tal propósito, en el primer capítulo se establece y delimita el escenario donde se realiza esta investigación, la fijación de objetivos y la metodología a seguir. En el segundo capítulo se analizan los conceptos que enmarcan la investigación y se realiza un análisis situacional de la Empresa Nacional Minera. El tercer capítulo describe la propuesta de gestión por resultados enfocada en la no afectación del talento humano del Sector Público, en términos generales y en particular para el caso de la Empresa Nacional Minera (ENAMI EP). En el cuarto capítulo, se refieren los métodos que darán operatividad y medición a la propuesta de gestión por resultados, en un sentido amplio se establecerá un mecanismo que permita determinar un camino de implementación organizacional del modelo planteado.