950 resultados para Voltametria Cíclica (VC)


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

采前半个月应用增甘膦于树体,可以提高莱阳茌梨和砀山酥梨的含糖量,提高莱阳茌梨、砀山酥梨及鸭梨的还原性Vc含量。应用增甘膦处理的梨呼吸强度和乙烯释放量显著低于对照果。实验证明增甘膦抑制了Acc向乙烯的转化。GPS抑制了三种梨的多酚氧化酶活性,使褐变现象减轻。当鸭梨采摘后直接进入到0 ℃库时,PAL、CA4H、PPO的活性增加,于褐变前有一高峰。应用GPS使鸭梨的PAL和CA4H活性低于对照果。以鸭梨切片实验证明,未经GPS处理的切片从常温转入低温后,总酚和绿原酸含量以及多酚氧化酶活性都有所上升,而莱阳茌梨无此现象。用GPS处理过的切片,对低温不敏感。总酚和绿原酸含量以及多酚化酶活性不因低温诱导而上升。增甘膦还可以使过氧化物酶等氧化酶活性降低,从而使果实内的总还原性物质增加,提高了还原性物质水平。而还原性水平高则不易发生氧化褐变现象,还原性Vc本身既是醌的还原剂也是PPO的抑制剂。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文就中华猕猴桃采收后贮藏与后熟过程中的生理生化变化及O2、CO2的气调效用进行了初步探讨。 结果表明,在贮藏和后熟过程中,中华猕猴桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放存在明显的高峰期,两者同时到达。硬毛变种的呼吸强度与乙烯产率较软毛变种低硬度、Vc、叶绿素随着采后时间的延长逐渐下降,可溶性固形物、蛋白质、chla/chlb则增加。果肉与果心组织中,SOD、MDA及蛋白质存在明显差异,显示了两者生理状态的不同。伴随后熟进程,SOD逐渐下降,脂类过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)增加,显示了它们在中华猕猴桃的后熟过程中起着重要作用。 3% O2抑制了中华猕猴桃后熟过程中的生理生化变化,如抑制了呼吸和乙烯的上升,硬度的下降及可容性固形物的增加等。低氧保持了猕猴桃果实的良好品质。 20% CO2短期处理,抑制了呼吸作用,但刺激了乙烯的产生,同时加速了果实软化和腐烂的产生,表明中华猕猴桃对高CO2敏感,20%的浓度足可以产生伤害。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

早采的山楂果实在贮存8个月之后可售率为98.7%,而晚采的为65.4%。在贮藏过程中对它们的乙烯释放率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸、Vc、可溶性固形物、可溶性果胶和原果胶、淀粉粒、色度进行了分析、观察和测定,发现早采的果实比晚采的衰老速率慢,因此贮存期长,品质保存得好。 我们还应用高CO2处理的短期气调与MA气调相结合进行了实验。发现采收2周后用10% CO2处理2小时,效果很明显。经高CO2处理的果实贮存8个月可售率为93.4%,而对照为65.4%,而且经CO2处理的果实可滴定酸和Vc都较高,可溶性固形物较低,PPO活性在体外比对照低60%。虽然CO2处理对乙烯产生有一定的刺激作用,但对呼吸作用有所抑制。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文以我国特有的冬枣果实为试材,系统地研究了冬枣果实在室温、低温和不同O2和CO2浓度气调贮藏条件下的生理特性、风味品质和贮藏性,提出了适合于冬枣果实生理特性的气调指标和贮藏时间;分析了冬枣在不同贮藏条件下果实硬度、颜色、叶绿素和花青素、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、乙醇和乙酸乙酯等物质成分的含量变化及与果实风味品质的关系;同时也分析了多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性变化情况以及丙二醛(MDA)含量和膜透性的变化情况,揭示了它们与冬枣果实转红、酒化、褐变、软化、衰老、及耐贮性的关系。对冬枣果实在气调贮藏中的生理反应和品质变化的研究,为形成冬枣果实采后商业化贮藏的系列配套技术提供了理论依据。试验结果表明: 1、冬枣果实在不同贮藏环境下品质的变化:随着贮藏时间的延长,冬枣果实Vc含量呈明显下降的趋势,CA处理能有效地抑制果实Vc含量的下降;不同贮藏条件对冬枣果实SSC影响不大;冬枣果实花青素的含量随贮藏时间逐渐下降,高O2浓度(70%)动态气调与其它处理相比,能更有效保持冬枣果实果皮的颜色及花青素和叶绿素的含量,以及果实的亮度、颜色饱和度和色度;同时,还能降低贮藏前期冬枣果实乙醇释放量。 2、冬枣果实在不同贮藏环境下生理的变化:(1) PG 酶是影响冬枣果实软化的主要因素,冬枣果实中存在内切和外切两种PG 酶,在冬枣果实的成熟过程中,Exo-PG和Endo-PG迅速积累,并呈现较高的活性,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性与冬枣果实的软化密切相关。CA贮藏与普通冷藏相比,可有效地抑制冬枣果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶的活性和延缓果实软化,其中以5% O2的CA贮藏的效果最好。(2)膜质过氧化是造成冬枣果实褐变的主要因素,在室温下冬枣果实细胞膜透性随贮藏时间逐渐上升,CA贮藏在贮藏前中期可有效控制MDA含量的上升和果实褐变的发生,有利于降低膜脂过氧化程度,保护细胞膜结构并延缓果实衰老。冬枣果实褐变与PPO活性关系不大,但与膜透性及膜质过氧化作用的产物—丙二醛(MAD)含量变化显著相关。(3)冬枣果实采收时的SOD活性很低,在25 C下,果实SOD活性急剧上升,低温贮藏条件下,果实SOD活性出现两次高峰,第一次高峰为果实后熟的标志,第二次高峰标志着果实的衰老。(4)在不同贮藏条件下,冬枣果实PAL活性均随贮藏期的延长而呈现下降趋势。 3、影响冬枣果实贮藏性的生理因素:冬枣果实的衰老与活性氧代谢失调和防御体系活力下降有关,随着果实衰老的出现,果实的POD、CAT等保护酶活性均呈现明显下降的趋势。气调贮藏在前期能显著提高冬枣果实POD的活性,而在后期又显著抑制了POD活性的上升,说明POD在果实贮藏初期表现为保护效应,而在后期则表现为伤害效应。 4、冬枣果实适宜的贮藏条件:与普通冷藏相比,气调贮藏(CA)能明显地延缓果实衰老,减少腐烂和褐变,保持风味品质和延长贮藏时间。其中以较高O2浓度的(10% O2 + 0% CO2)气调贮藏效果最好。气调贮藏与杀菌剂配合有利于延长冬枣的贮藏期,0.1%的施保克和0.1%戴挫霉处理能有效控制冬枣果实贮藏期间的腐烂,延长贮藏时间,施保克的防腐效果好于戴挫霉。 5、拮抗菌和病原菌处理对冬枣果实抗性相关酶的诱导:接种拮抗菌+病原菌或只接种病原菌能诱导冬枣果实蛋白含量的显著升高,说明拮抗菌和病原菌处理诱导了果实病原相关蛋白的积累。在常温条件下,拮抗菌和病原菌处理抑制了冬枣果实的CAT酶活性,诱导了SOD和POD活性的上升。同时果实的蛋白含量也显著升高。在低温条件下,CAT和SOD活性受抑制,POD、PPO和 PAL活性被诱导并显著高于正常果实。这说明拮抗菌处理的冬枣果实可能通过加强氧化酶活性的方式来达到抗病的效果。拮抗菌和病原菌处理后,该部分组织的氧化酶活性加强,它们可以分解毒素,促进伤口愈合,抑制病原菌水解酶活性,从而抵抗病害的扩展。PAL是催化莽草酸途径的关键酶,可合成酚、植保素和木质素,而这些物质均与植物抗性有关。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

角质层是果实抵御外界环境胁迫的一个屏障,既能调节果实自身的生理活动,也能增加对病原菌入侵的抵抗力,在果实贮藏保鲜中具有重要的作用。本文利用傅里叶变换红外光谱检测(Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy)法,重点研究了不同贮藏条件下果实角质层和果肉细胞壁成分变化,及对果实品质和贮藏性的影响,为进一步阐明角质层在果实贮藏保鲜中的作用提供依据。研究内容包括:(1)壶瓶枣果实在冷藏和气调下软化率、品质、角质层和果肉细胞壁成分变化;(2)即时冷藏和延迟冷藏下,桃果实好果率、品质、角质层和果肉细胞壁成分变化;(3)采前喷施氯化钙或油菜素内酯对甜樱桃单果重、品质、果肉细胞壁结构以及耐贮性的影响。 试验结果表明:(1)与冷藏(-1±1 ºC)相比,气调贮藏(10% O2 + 0% CO2, -1±1 ºC)能够显著降低壶瓶枣软化率,更好地保持果实的硬度、可溶性固形物(SSC)和可滴定酸(TA)含量以及较高含量的果肉细胞壁物质和较低含量的角质层物质。(2)与延迟冷藏(25 ºC,48 h后转入0 ºC)相比,即时冷藏使“八月脆”桃果实能保持较高的果实硬度和好果率,显著减慢TA含量下降,能保持较高含量的果肉细胞壁物质和角质层物质,但对SSC和Vc含量没有显著的影响。(3)与对照相比,采前喷施CaCl2(1%,m/v)能够增加“红灯”(6.94%)的单果重,对甜樱桃果实的品质指标(硬度、SSC、TA)和细胞壁结构没有明显的影响。(4)与对照相比,采前喷施0.15 mg•L-1油菜素内酯能增加“红灯”(3.68%)和“大紫”(8.61%)的单果重,降低“红灯”果实的自然腐烂率,并不影响果实的品质指标(硬度、SSC、TA)。 这些研究结果说明:(1)与冷藏(-1±1 ºC)相比,气调贮藏(10% O2 + 0% CO2, -1±1 ºC)更利于壶瓶枣果实贮藏保鲜;(2)与延迟冷藏(25 ºC,48 h后转入0 ºC)相比,即时冷藏(0 ºC)更利于“八月脆”桃果实贮藏保鲜;(3)气调贮藏和即时冷藏通过调节果实角质层和细胞壁代谢等途径发挥作用。气调贮藏会降低壶瓶枣果实角质层物质含量,增强其透气性,减少壶瓶枣酒软发生;但即时冷藏会延缓“八月脆”桃果实角质层降解,维持角质层物质较高的含量以及结构完整性,以充分发挥角质层的保护作用,减缓果实的软化进程,维持果实硬度和品质;(4)采前适当浓度的钙或油菜素内酯处理对增加甜樱桃单果重,降低自然腐烂率有一定的作用,但在不同品种中的作用效果有差异。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)杂交的F1、F2、F3杂种后代中,果实搪、酸含量不同的实生苗叶片,进行了Vc、VB1Vpp的分析测定,并对这些植株的叶片、卷须、一年生技条扦插芽和种子播出的幼苗分别进行了过氧化物酶同功酶的聚丙烯酰胺(PO-lyacrylamide)垂直平板电泳分析。实脸结果表明:在三代的实生苗中,Vc、VB1、Vpp的含量与含糖量均呈正相关,Vc和Vpp与含酸量负相关,VB1与含酸量呈正相关,Vc与Vpp呈正相关.Vc含量低的实生苗易受冻而导致萌芽推迟,Vc在果实潜色期间呈动态变化,着色期早的Vc含量降低,正处在着色期的Vc含量最低,着色晚的Vc含量就高。叶片中Vc、Vpp含量可作为实生苗含量筛选的参考指标。 而且发现,在实生苗幼龄阶段,通过过氧化物酶同功酶能够从品质上进行单株分离与筛选。一年生枝条的扦插芽以及生长季节的卷须和叶片为材料的分离筛选效果相对稍差。F1实生苗中,抗寒、含糖量高的单株表达出双亲的酶带;F2品贡优良的单株从表达出亲本中含糖童截的酶潜并且酶带数目相对少些的单株中产生;F3品质优良的单株则从酶谱复杂、杂种谱带较多的单株产生;品质性状较劣,同功酶表现出相反的结果。这为育种工作中果实品质性状的童期鉴定提供了参考依据。在实际鉴定工作上,最好有几种方法,几种酶的功酶联合使用。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

报道分析了常用的云南3种燕窝的成分,蛋白质含量分别为45.28%, 47.78%和42.21%; 氨基酸总量分别为40.38%,40.02%和32.53%; 必需氨基酸含量分别为15.09%、14.37%和12.22%。另还分析了它们的脂肪、总糖、VA、VD、VC和常量元素与微量元素的含量, 并与进口燕窝的相应成分进行了比较, 表明常用的3种燕窝营养成分全面, 与进口燕窝的近似程度为: 短嘴金丝燕燕窝>白腰雨燕燕窝>小白腰雨燕燕窝。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The production of long-lived transuranic (TRU) waste is a major disadvantage of fission-based nuclear power. Incineration, and virtual elimination, of waste stockpiles is possible in a thorium (Th) fuelled critical or subcritical fast reactor. Fuel cycles producing a net decrease in TRUs are possible in conventional pressurised water reactors (PWRs). However, minor actinides (MAs) have a detrimental effect on reactivity and stability, ultimately limiting the quality and quantity of waste that can be incinerated. In this paper, we propose using a thorium-retained-actinides fuel cycle in PWRs, where the reactor is fuelled with a mixture of thorium and TRU waste, and after discharge all actinides are reprocessed and returned to the reactor. To investigate the feasibility and performance of this fuel cycle an assembly-level analysis for a one-batch reloading strategy was completed over 125 years of operation using WIMS 9. This one-batch analysis was performed for simplicity, but allowed an indicative assessment of the performance of a four-batch fuel management strategy. The build-up of 233U in the reactor allowed continued reactive and stable operation, until all significant actinide populations had reached pseudo-equilibrium in the reactor. It was therefore possible to achieve near-complete transuranic waste incineration, even for fuels with significant MA content. The average incineration rate was initially around 330 kg per GW th year and tended towards 250 kg per GW th year over several decades: a performance comparable to that achieved in a fast reactor. Using multiple batch fuel management, competitive or improved end-of-cycle burn-up appears achievable. The void coefficient (VC), moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and Doppler coefficient remained negative. The quantity of soluble boron required for a fixed fuel cycle length was comparable to that for enriched uranium fuel, and acceptable amounts can be added without causing a positive VC or MTC. This analysis is limited by the consideration of a single fuel assembly, and it will be necessary to perform a full core coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic analysis to determine if the design in its current form is feasible. In particular, the potential for positive VCs if the core is highly or locally voided is a cause for concern. However, these results provide a compelling case for further work on concept feasibility and fuel management, which is in progress. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

:本文以野生猕猴为实验对象,以血清皮质 醇含量为指标,研究了野生猕猴 被捕获与给予氯丙嗪、Vc等药物后上述指标的变化。结果 表明:(1)野生猕猴在被捕获 后的1~2周内,血清皮质醇一直维持在一个高水平状态(24.7 8±0.20μg/dl,24.88 ±0.58μg/dl);(2)氯丙嗪可使动物行为处于一种安静状态, 但 并不降低血清皮质醇水 平(28.73±6.16μg/dl),(3)Vc可改善动物的精神状态,使血清 皮质醇略低(21.00 ±2.90μg/dl)(P>0.05),(4)氯丙嗪和Vc合用后,血清皮质 醇与单独使用氯丙嗪无明显 差异(28.07±4.45μg/dl)。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

分别用添加1%酵母细胞壁(1号饲料)、1%酵母细胞壁+0.23%Vc+0.02%VE(2号饲料)、1%免疫多糖(3号饲料)的饲料投喂异育银鲫,并于试验后4、11、17、24、31 d测定头肾巨噬细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性和血清杀菌活性。结果表明,与对照组相比,3组饲料均能显著提高异育银鲫的头肾巨噬细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性和血清杀菌活性,其中3号饲料效果最为显著,其次为2号饲料。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

用维生素C含量为38、364和630mg/kg的三种饲料饲喂初体重为(23.19±0.58)g的长吻8个月,实验结果表明,38mg/kgVC饲料组饲喂的长吻表现出了典型的VC缺乏症状:体色发黑,脊椎侧弯,鳍边由开始的萎缩直到腐烂、贫血、特定生长率显著降低(p<0.05)。并且38mg/kgVC饲料组长吻的生理指标也受到影响:血清溶菌酶活性显著下降(p<0.05),肝脏的SOD活性及MDA含量均显著升高(p<0.05),血清皮质醇没有显著差异(p>0.05),但各处理组长吻肝脏中均未检测到诱导型HS

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> 维生素C,又称丙种维生素,VitaminumC,抗坏血酸(Ascorbic acid),简称维C或Vc。维生素C是一种酸性己糖衍生物。化学名称为L—3—氧带苏己糖醛酸内酯。分子式为C_6H_8O_6,分子量为176.1。1维生素C的性状 外观为白色结晶粉末,有酸味,久置色渐变微黄色,易溶于水,水溶液呈酸性反应。稍溶于乙醇,微溶于甘油,不溶于乙醚和氯仿。熔点为190℃。抗坏血酸钠为白色或微黄色结晶粉末,略带酸味,只溶于水,基本上不溶于乙醇、乙醚等。在220℃时分解。 维生素C是动物的重要营养成分之一

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Passive steering systems have been used for some years to control the steering of trailer axles on articulated vehicles. These normally use a 'command steer' control strategy, which is designed to work well in steady-state circles at low speeds, but which generates inappropriate steer angles during transient low-speed maneuvers and at high speeds. In this paper, 'active' steering control strategies are developed for articulated heavy goods vehicles. These aim to achieve accurate path following for tractor and trailer, for all paths and all normal vehicle speeds, in the presence of external disturbances. Controllers are designed to implement the path-following strategies at low and high speeds, whilst taking into account the complexities and practicalities of articulated vehicles. At low speeds, the articulation and steer angles on articulated heavy goods vehicles are large and small-angle approximations are not appropriate. Hence, nonlinear controllers based on kinematics are required. But at high-speeds, the dynamic stability of control system is compromised if the kinematics-based controllers remain active. This is because a key state of the system, the side-slip characteristics of the trailer, exhibits a sign-change with increasing speeds. The low and high speed controllers are blended together using a speed-dependent gain, in the intermediate speed range. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the new steering controllers with conventional vehicles (with unsteered drive and trailer axles) and with vehicles with command steer controllers on their trailer axles. The simulations show that active steering has the potential to improve significantly the directional performance of articulated vehicles for a wide range of conditions, throughout the speed range. © VC 2013 by ASME.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Myelin basic protein (MBP), as a major component of the myelin sheath, has been revealed to play an important role informing and maintaining myelin structure in vertebrate nervous system. In teleost, hypothalamus is an instinctive brain center and plays significant roles in many physiological functions, such as energy metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response. In comparison with other MBP identified in vertebrates, a smallest MBP is cloned and identified from the orange-spotted grouper hypothalamic cDNA plasmid library in this study. RT-PCR analysis and Western blot detection indicate that the EcMBP is specific to hypothalamus, and expresses mainly in the tuberal hypothalamus in adult grouper. Immunofluorescence localization suggests that EcMBP should be expressed by oligodendrocytes, and the expressing cells should be concentrated in hypothalamus and the area surrounding hypothalamus, such as NPOpc, VC, DP, NLTm, and NDLI The studies on EcMBP expression pattern and developmental behaviour in the brains of grouper embryos and larvae reveal that the EcMBP-expressing cells are only limited in a defined set of cells on the border of hypothalamus, and suggest that the EcMBP-expressing cells might be a subpopulation of oliaodendrocyte progenitor cells. This study not only identifies a smallest MBP isoform specific to hypothalamus that can be used as a molecular marker of oligodendrocytes in fish, but also provides new insights for MBP evolution and cellular distribution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

研究灌溉方式对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响,为番茄栽培过程中合理用水提供理论依据。【方法】采用棚室内小区试验,研究6种灌溉方式(Ⅰ.常规沟灌;Ⅱ.交替沟灌;Ⅲ.固定灌溉种植行;Ⅳ.固定灌溉操作行;Ⅴ.前期采用常规沟灌,结果期采用交替沟灌;Ⅵ.前期采用交替沟灌,结果期采用常规沟灌)对樱桃番茄产量与品质的影响。【结果】不同灌溉方式之间樱桃番茄产量与品质特征值达到极显著差异水平,其中处理Ⅰ和Ⅵ的果形指数、单果质量及产量均极显著高于其他4种处理,果形指数分别为1.22和1.21,平均单果质量高达14.28和14.05g;但处理Ⅱ~Ⅳ的果实糖酸比、VC含量、可溶性固形物含量及干物质含量均极显著高于处理Ⅰ、Ⅵ和Ⅴ,只是造成硝酸盐含量轻度积累。【结论】前期采用交替沟灌,而结果期采用常规沟灌,不仅提高了樱桃番茄的产量与品质,而且还有节水的效果,这种灌溉方式可以在番茄生产中加以推广应用。