Da leitura da poesia à poesia da leitura: a contribuição da poesia para o Ensino Médio

La poésie occupe, à l école, une place réduite et, la plupart du temps, est reléguée à des dates commémoratives ou, quand utilisée, sert de pretexte à l étude de la grammaire et du vocabulaire. Cette thèse a comme objectif de réfléchir sur l importance de l enseignement de La littérature, et plus spécialement, celui de la poésie dans l enseignement secondaire. A comme principal objectif de montrer la place de la poésie dans l'enseignement secondairepour la formation socio-linguistique, cognitive et affective dês élèves. De plus, tente de démystifier l' idée qu'il est impossible de lire de La littérature et, en particuler, de la poésie, avec des adolescents.Il s agit de proposer des projets afin de travailler de manière adéquate la lecture de poésies en salle de classe par le biais de stratégies productives de lectures littéraires comme celles qui promeuvent la rencontre entre le lecteur et le texte. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une expérience dans une école publique de l état Du Rio Grande do Norte, dans la commune de Natal, avec des élèves adolescents âgés de 14 à 18 ans. L' expérience a consisté en douze cours de lecture de poésies. Nous avons utilisé, comme instruments de collectes de données, des entrevues, des cahiers de classe et des questionnaires. Les références théoriques adoptées consistent en une bibliographie qui fait référence aux études d esthétique de La réception et de la coopération interprétative comme l ont formulées Jauss (1979), Iser (1996) et Eco (2002); la conception de lecteur et le processus de lecture selon Smith (1989); le socio-interactionnisme de Vigotski (1999; 2000); la médiation (lecture par degré ou scaffolding), de Graves et Graves (1995); la psychologie de l adolescence de Becker (1999), Carvajal (2001) e Gutierra(2003). Les résultats montrent l importance de la présence du médiateur dans La formation du lecteur, sachant qu en plus de contribuer et de potentialiser l intéraction entre le texte et le lecteur, l adhésion des élèves est améliorée. L expérience de vivre la poésie en salle de classe avec dês adolescents sujets de cette recherche, a prouvé qu il est possible, dans l enseignement secondaire, et malgré les difficultés, de réaliser um travail avec la poésie

A recepção do gênero romance na escola: práticas de leitura e formas do trabalho docente

Ce travail se propose de discuter, dans les domaines de la linguistique appliquée, focalisés dans l enseignement-apprentissage de la langue maternelle, les processus didactique-pédagogique avec lesquels se construisent, interactivement, et s organisent les pratiques de lecture et d écoute du genre roman, en tant qu objet enseigné, dans le contexte du cours de langue portugaise. On cherche ici, spécifiquement, à décrire et à interpréter les différentes manières utilisées par l enseignante pour apprendre la lecture et l écoute du roman Le Petit Prince, d Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, et, par conséquent, la réception de ce genre du discours par les apprenants, résultat des échanges interactifs entre l enseignante et les apprenants pris dans le processus de transposition de savoirs à propos de ce genre. La condition d existence de ces échanges se trouve dans les procédures didactiques de l enseignant lorsqu il propose aux apprenants des activités de la lecture et de l écoute des textes. Dans ce contexte, le corpus dont nous nous occupons se constitue des enregistrements en vidéo, audio et prises de notes dans les carnets de classe des cours de Portugais, pour la période scolaire de 2005, avec un groupe de 5ème année de la formation fondamentale d une école publique fédérale de Belém (PA). Du point de vue théorique-methodologique, nous nous inspirons des contributions de Moita-Lopes (2003) et Geertz (2006), surtout à ce qui concerne la conception et les procédures de constitution et traitement des données selon les présupposés de la recherche ethnographique. Encore du point de vue théorique et pour ce qui concerne l analyse des données, nous utilisons les contributions de Bakhtin (2003), sur les études énonciatif-discoursifs sous une conception dialogique du langage, les contributions issues des domaines des études appliquées et des études en didactiques de langues, dans la section de Psychologie et Sciences de l Éducation de l Université de Genève, coordonnée par Schneuwly, Dolz et ses collaborateurs (2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 et 2005) envisageant la construction de l objet enseigné par moyen d instruments didactiques, et, finalement, Rojo (2001 et 2002), et sa discussion sur l apprentissage des capacités de lecture essentielles à la formation du lecteur et producteur à l école. L analyse des données obtenues nous a permis de relever la façon utilisée par le professeur pour enseigner le genre roman, mettant en relief l apprentissage de la lecture par les apprenants à travers les instruments didactiques capables de le faire devenir l objet enseigné

Devaneio do olhar: uma experiência de produção e leitura da imagem através do vídeo na prática pedagógica

A partir de la constatación de la importancia que la imagen viene ejerciendo en la sociedad actual y, más específicamente, en el proceso educativo, el presente estudio busca dilucidar algunas cuestiones referentes a la lectura de la imagen, producción de imágenes y su utilización en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para tanto, buscó relacionar los elementos que constituyen la narrativa visual a la perspectiva de Paulo Freire, de buscar en el contexto de vida la producción de conocimiento aliándolos las tecnologías de la imagen visando la alfabetización visual y también al acceso democrático a las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación e información. El estudio fue mediado por la elaboración de un documental en vídeo, en que enfocamos las imágenes fijas del artista local Newton Navarro, con fines de experiencia en producción y lectura de la imagen. La realización del trabajo y la aplicación en aula los colocaron delante de una nueva perspectiva educativa: el cambio de la posición de espectadores para la de productores. Eso posibilitó un nuevo mirar, donde la lectura de la imagen permitió una mayor reflexión acerca de las actuales prácticas educativas

Histórias de leituras e de leitores: práticas e representações de leitura em narrativas de professores de diferentes disciplinas escolares

Nous avons pris comme point de départ le préssuposé que en exerçant ses practiques de lecture en salle de classe, les professeurs récuperent des signes de ses expériences socioculturelles par rapport à la lecture, construites au long de ses trajectoires. Indépendemment de sa discipline scolaire, la mémoire de ces expériences interviennent certainement, de manière positive ou négative, dans la médiation de la formation de l élève lecteur. C est donc, par l articulation entre les perspectives de ses études qui parlent sur l histoire de la lecture, narratives (auto)biographiques et formation du professeur que je prétends récupérer et reconstruire, par les narratives de lectures racontées par les professeurs de différentes disciplines scolaires, les processus d appropriation de la lecture en considérant ses tactiques d accès et d utilisation des matériels écrits en circulation dans les groupes sociaux auxquels ils appartennaient. Pour ça ce travail s inquérit : Quels models de lectures émergent dans les narratives de professeurs de différentes disciplines scolaires ? Comment se manifestent-elles les représentations sur sa performance pour la formation de l élève lecteur ? L objectif central est d inférer les rapports existants entre des expériences de lecture et la médiation dans la formation de lecteurs. Douze professeurs de l éducation de base des écoles de la ville de Belém y ont participé. Le corpus est constitué par les transcriptions de deux genres d instruments: douze interviews narratives et deux groupes de débats. Les analyses montrent deux grandes fases de la rencontre avec la lecture : une antérieure à l école et l autre à partir de l école. Ces fases montrent des pratiques et des représentations de lecture hétérogènes différenciés par rapport à ses aspects fonctionnaux. Elles revellent encore que la formation du lecteur professeur et élève se lie, d abord, à la constitution culturelle de l homme, marquée, fondamentalement, par son interlocution avec l autre. La famille, l école et le lieu de travail se présentent comme des espaces qui impriment des marques profondes dans le rapport avec la lecture. Malgré ça, le même matériel écrit, un fois mis en scène le lu dans ces espaces n ont pas de significat coincidents pour les différentes personnes qui s en approprient. Cette raison montre la possibilité de la construction d une histoire de la lecture, basée pas exclusivement à la description des matériels lus pendant le cours de leurs vies, mais surtout, sur les indicateurs de ses différentes manières de lire. Cette trajectoire exerce de cette façon une forte influence sur la prise de décision et les manifestations du travail du professeur en situation de salle de classe. Comme ça on peut conclure, premièrement, que les représentations et pratiques de lecture se sont constitués et se sont (re)configurés dans des différentes formes, concepts, temps et espaces, dans un entrecroisement de différents discours. Deuxièmement que la reflexion sur les mémoires de lecture a resulté un nouveau regard des participants sur son travail de professeur et a confirmé l hipothèse selon laquelle la production des narratives autoréférencées offre, à qui les narre, la possibilité de transformation des représentations du sujet avec lui-même, avec l autre et avec le monde, ce qui démontre l importance de la recherche (auto)biographique comme méthode d investigation en éducation et sa contribuition pour la formation des formateurs de lecteurs dans des différents domaines de la connaissance , comme territoires constitutifs du sujet et de ses pratiques sociales, à l école et ailleurs

Aprendendo a pertencer: uma leitura da trezena de Santo Antônio em Pradoso enquanto territorialidade humana

The Novena of St. Anthony in Pradoso, is an annual celebration that takes place between June 1 and June 13. Since its preparation to the conclusion of the celebration are employed traditional knowledges and techniques, which are shared by the community. Such knowledges, built over generations, associated with popular religion, form it into the educational processes that build, through orality, practices and experiences of everyday life, the sense of belonging. An analysis of scenes, knowledges and subjects involved in the celebration, shows the form and content of practices capable of building symbolic territories of belonging. Thus, the Novena of St. Anthony in Pradoso, while an human territoriality, is designed as a locus of learning of belonging, reaffirming community values such as solidarity, service, brotherhood, integration, among others. While empirical reference for an analysis of the importance of belonging, the Novena of St. Anthony in Pradoso, offers subsidies for the production of knowledge, focused on understanding the need for a reconnection of technical and humanistic knowledges

Literatura e educação: um caso/uma casa de inclusão

O estudo investiga as contribuições da literatura para a inclusão social na escola, explorando o potencial inclusivo do texto literário. Sua relevância consiste em fornecer ao professor subsídios para ampliar suas competências no ensino de literatura a partir do (re)conhecimento da função inclusiva do texto literário e da construção de uma comunidade de leitores que atenda à diversidade de interesses, necessidades e sentimentos dos aprendizes. Entende-se que a literatura é inclusiva em sua natureza pois, inclui o leitor no texto e permite práticas socializadoras de leitura. O estudo alinha-se à vertente qualitativa caracterizando-se como pesquisa-ação participante. Adotaram-se como procedimentos metodológicos a observação participante e a intervenção pedagógica. O estudo realizou-se em uma turma de 4º ano do ensino fundamental com 43 alunos, de faixa etária entre 8 e 13 anos, matriculados na Casa do Menor Trabalhador CMT, escola pública do município de Natal-RN (Brasil). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: gravação em áudio; diário de campo; entrevistas. Na intervenção pedagógica, realizaram-se 20 aulas de leitura de literatura de contos, fábulas, poemas e adivinhas com diferentes estratégias didáticas. As sessões de leitura foram desenvolvidas conforme os moldes da andaimagem (scaffolding) descritos por Graves e Graves (1995). Tomou-se como referencial teórico os estudos de Aiscow, Porter e Wang (1997), Amarilha (1997; 2006), Aquino (1998), Eco (2003), Caldin (2004; 2003), Cazden (1991), Chartier (1994), Culler (1999), Iser (1996), Manguel (1997), Paulino (2001), Perrenoud (2001), Petit (2008), Sartre (2006), Stainback e Stainback (1999), Stierle (1979) e Zilberman (2005). A análise aponta a relevância do diálogo entre literatura e inclusão social para democratizar a leitura literária e tornar o ambiente escolar mais inclusivo. Confirma a natureza inclusiva do texto literário, no modo como promove a entrada cooperativa do leitor no texto literário em prática socializadora de aprendizado, de compartilhamento de sentimentos, sensações, subjetividades e de acolhimento das diferenças. O estudo revela e consolida a leitura de literatura como uma atividade intelectual significativa, prazerosa e democrática, na qual o leitor, ao colaborar com a construção de sentidos e ao estabelecer relações interativas, passa por transformações que favorecem a inclusão. Ressalta-se a importância do mediador de leitura na seleção de estratégias que viabilizem a democratização da literatura e pela literatura, no pequeno universo da sala de aula, que atendam às necessidades dos educandos, desenvolvendo habilidades leitoras, incentivando o gosto pelo texto literário que educa e convida à inclusão

Política de formação de professores: uma leitura a partir da análise do programa especial de formação de professores para a educação básica PROEB/UFMA

Study of Teacher Education Policy: a reading from the analysis of Programa Especial de Formação de Professores para a Educação Básica Proeb - aims to analyze the initial teacher training developed by the Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA. Proeb is a policy of in-service training of teachers, formulated and implemented in the context of current educational policies for basic education. This work assumes that the guidelines developed in the last decades of the twentieth century are linked to international organizations that spread in Latin America continent a homogeneous model of training which has as main features to be held in service through the mode the distance and the school as a leading locus. In Brazil, these guidelines are supported on the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education No. 9.394/96 and Report 09/2001, which deals with the Syllabus Guidelines for the formation of Basic Education Teachers. To carry out the study was taken as reference, the syllabus developed for the deployment of Proeb from 1998 to 2002, specifically the proposal operationalized in the Degree Course of Mathematics in the city of Vitória do Mearim in Maranhão. To conduct the study, it was used literature as a way to deepen understanding, clarify and aim the conceptual aspect of the object researched. The documental research was consisted in the analysis of legal documents concerning the reform of education policies, teacher training and pedagogical project Proeb/UFMA and, finally, the semi-structured interviews were used to allow a better understanding of the subjects involved with research. The data analysis has shown that the curriculum designed to operationalize the course of undergraduate mathematics Proeb/UFMA, despite having guidelines that point to the separation of theory/practice dichotomy and establish as a principle work as an educational principle, has an disciplinary curriculum organization that reinforces the instrumental view of the syllabus, not enabling in practice, the execution of their initial proposal. Concerning to the view of graduates on the course, they highlight the weaknesses of the course, but also evidence that it has allowed an improvement of initial training, through the disciplines of the common core syllabus of courses and special training. It is possible seeing in graduates words, that the course have had repercussions in their teaching and improving their integration into the labor market and in the community of Vitória do Mearim. Overall, these developments have indicated evidence of teacher professionalization, although they are incipient. The work has shown that for the professionalization of teachers is introduced, the syllabus of undergraduate teacher education must overcome the traditional view of syllabus and implement contextualized curricula in a multidisciplinary approach involving, in equal proportions, the general education and training specific course. Accordingly, it is believed in need to review the role of the University in the formative process, as well as recovering as part of educational policies, the omnilateral size of teacher education

Política de democratização da gestãoescolar: um labirinto de sentidos, discursos e contradições?

Este estudio tiene por objeto investigar la política de democratización de la administración educativa de la consideración de los procesos socio-históricos que participaron en el programa de modernización de los paradigmas de administración, por la forma en que la política de descuentos y que se entiende por los sujetos dentro de la escuela. Se considera que la democracia defendida por la política de democratización de la educación por el neoliberalismo / gerencialismo, siendo el resultado de un acuerdo que aspira a dirigir la sociedad hegemónica, portador del gen, las diferentes concepciones de la democracia, por lo tanto, en su en el interior se colocan en posición, los elementos conceptuales de los diferentes proyectos de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, vamos a ver cómo, en el Estado Dom Escuela Nivaldo Monte, esta política se (re) significado y transformado por los sujetos, incluyendo las diferentes formas que se delinean en la dimensión de la democracia, autonomía, participación y representación. Aborda el tema de estudio en vista del materialismo histórico y dialéctico, por lo que consideramos que es posible examinar el objeto en sus fronteras, pero no de manera fragmentada o enajenados o la mediación de la determinación del capital económico, político, cultural y simbólica de la sociabilidad la globalización, para superar los matices asignado a estructuralista metodología de diseño teórico adoptado, usado, en el entendimiento de que considera que la macro y micro estructuras están formadas por una relación de complementariedad entre los procesos micro y macro. Entre nuestras conclusiones parciales, que argumentan que la gestión democrática y la gestión de la administración son diferentes formas de administración, antagónicos, aunque este efecto fue una especie de coincidencia, le distinguen: en primer lugar, si queremos apoyar la calidad de las escuelas públicas, y en segundo lugar que la organización de gestión crea las condiciones para la gestión democrática legal y legítimo, mientras que se establecen las condiciones que tanto impracticable y difícil como imposible y muy difícil de llevar a cabo la gestión de la administración que conduce a la conclusión de que, finalmente, la gestión democrática es imposible de llevarse a cabo por medio de la gerencia pública y la gerencia pública es imposible de llevarse a cabo por medio de la democracia. Sin embargo, la participación institucionalizada de la gerencia pública puede promover la extensión del control social sobre el estado y contribuir a la transformación social, que parece que está un reto difícil, pero no improbable, y es probable que se siga investigando.

As relações entre o público e o privado no processo de expansão do ensino superior no Brasil: democratização ou mercantilização?

The present study analyzes the expansion of Brazilian superior education, investigating how the public and the private sectors are inserted in this process, taking as analysis dimensions the philanthropic actions, the democratization and the mercantilism. The study had for general objective to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of superior education in Brazil, investigating how it configures the overlap between the public and the private in this process. More specifically was tried: a) to understand the process of participation of the non-state public, state and private sectors with lucrative goals in the expansion of superior education; b) to analyze the limits between the democratization and mercantilism in the process of expansion of superior education; c) to analyze the mechanisms that express the privatization in the process of expansion of superior education; d) to investigate, in a program of the government, how is materialized the overlap between the public and the private, in the expansion of superior education. In the development of the study, was adopted as theoretician and methodological way a historical and critical perspective, because is considered it allows to understand the mediations between the inquiry subject and the historical context in which it is developed, allowing, this way, the true explanation of the studied object. About the technician procedures, it was adopted documentary and bibliographical research. Also, secondary data were searched on the main governmental web sites (INEP, SISPROUNI, INEP, PNUD; IBGE) which produce statistics on superior education and sponsors of private institutions of superior education, as example ABMES and the Court of Accounts of the Union, amongst others. The study results had delineated a picture that allows to evidence that has been occurring, in the country, a process of expansion of superior education, marked for the articulated participation of the public state, private with lucrative ends and private without lucrative ends sectors, but it is distinguished in recent years the prevalence of the private sector with lucrative ends. In result, it is concluded that this process of expansion cannot be considered as dimension of the democratization because it occurs by means that move it away from the education as a right to be placed in the scope of the market, changing the right into a service that is appropriated by mercantile relations

Televisão universitária do RN (TVU): contribuição para a democratização da informação e a difusão do conhecimento científico produzido pela universidade

In this thesis we propose to investigate the contribution that the Universitary Television from Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil (TVU RN), offers to democratization of information and diffusion of the scientific knowledge produced by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) from the perception of their own students. We adopt the basic assumption in wich the TVU RN needs to be connected with the scope of the current UFRN policy, since plays an important role regarding democratization and social inclusion policies in UFRN. We support the thesis that TVU UFRN offers important information for those who are part of academic culture (COULON, 1995a; 1995b, CHARLOT, 2000; BOURDIEU, 2007, 2005, 1997, 1996, 1975), as well as for society in wich it is inserted, since it contributes to the dissemination of scientific knowledge and relevant information about the university. We consider TVU RN a Public Sphere (HABERMAS, 2002; 2003a, 2003b; 2003c; 1999; 1989) conducive to discussion of issues involving higher education. Researches on Universitary Television are recent and some studies on it advanced in the way to define it and present it as a means of dissemination of scientific knowledge (ROCHA, 2006; COUTINHO, 2006; CALLIGARO, 2007; AIRES, 1999; PORCELLO, 2002; PRIOLLI, 2003, 2008, 2009; MAGALHÃES, 2002, 2008; RAMALHO, 2008; 2010; CARVALHO, 2006). For our investigation we chose the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, both equally valid and accepted by many authors (FLICK, 2009; BAUER; GASKELL, 2002; RICHARDSON, 1999; LAVILLE; DIONNE, 1999). We developed a questionnaire initially with objective questions ending up with open questions of free text. The questionnaire was developed and hosted from a tool of Google Docs and the link to the webpage containing those questionnaires was sent by e-mail by the Permanent Commission of Vestibular of UFRN, COMPERVE, for all university students who were with their registration (status) active in the COMPERVE registers of the second half of 2010. The analysis of this material was performed using the techniques of content analysis and, within this mode was chosen thematic analysis considered appropriate for both qualitative and quantitative research (BARDIN, 2004; MINAYO, 2002). The investigation found that although most students consider that the TVU RN contributes to the democratization of information and dissemination of scientific knowledge produced in university, and moreover to arouse the interest of the academic community, still has not yet become an object of interest of the entire academy. Therefore, the research highlights the relevance and abrangency of further studies on the TVU RN due to the strategic role it plays in this new reality of public universities in the country. In addition, we suggest to the UFRN managers that they put TVU within the hall of discussions in order to receive the so much needed investment for any university organ

O livro de leitura da campanha de pé no chão também se aprende a ler/RN: um estudo dos pressupostos histórico-culturais

This work is about the historical and cultural assumptions inserted in the contents of literacy of the Campanha de Pé no Chão Também se Aprende a Ler, a movement of culture and popular education, developed in the State of Rio Grande do Norte in the period between 1961 and 1964. The hypothesis is the one of the existence of a romantic-political ideology which permeated a national developmentalist conception sited in its didactic-pedagogic instrument of literacy, the Book of Lecture of De Pé no Chão Também se Aprende a Ler/RN (1963). It has the aim to understand how the popular critical consciousness marked by conceptions of culture and popular education in its social, cultural and ideological relations, happened. Analyses the object of study by the symbolical cartography, methodological procedures which have as principles to retire from an antecedent source implicit meanings that can discover new realities, articulating the keywords of that document to the ideology that surrounded the Campanha de Pé no Chão Também se Aprende a Ler /RN. As results, the research showed that, considering the historical-cultural assumptions of the national developmentalist thought sited in the studied Book of Lecture, the conditions of the political-cultural context and of the advance of the Brazilian national industry on the beginning of the 1960th , admitted a process of social integration lavished by the popular literacy on the Campanha de Pé no Chão/RN, linked with the possibility of transition of the popular conscience, in a romantic-political perspective of the culture and the popular education

A função mediadora do planejamento na aula de leitura de textos literários

This dissertation sutdies the mediative function in the planning of literary text reading classes of Portuguese. Its main central focus proposes that planning favors the pedagogical reading work of literary texts in the teaching of Portuguese, for they are regarded as one of the mediative elements the teaching-learning process. It also allows for its subjects to rethink the practice, theorizing it. As a theoretical basis the studies on participative planning are used, especially the studies concerning dialogic planning. The language/literature teaching perspective adopted in this work is guided by the socio-interactive conception of language, in a way that reading is seen as a comprehensive and interactive activity. Given the research process, the analysis of the reading process involved the Reader s Response, once that this theory considers the role of the reader and her/his interaction with the text. The study is grounded upon the following research question: which role(s) does the pedagogical planning play as a mediator of the reading teaching-learning process? The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the pedagogical planning activity as a mediative instrument in the practice of reading in the Portuguese classes. The study is constituted of three stages, the third being emphasized (2002/2005) in which the direction of the participative action-research was used, as a way of acknowledging the pedagogical role in the teaching plan, as an instrument capable of rendering reorganization in the teaching-learning process of reading classes. We have as participants teachers of Portuguese in the elementary school (Ensino Fundamental, 3º ciclo), besides other segments of public schools, in the city of Pau dos Ferros RN, in which the previous studies were developed. The results point to the relevance in the role of the teacher, as a more experienced reader, in developing of pedagogical strategies that may come to favor the teaching of reading, having in the pedagogical sphere an instrument of theoretical reflection and sistematization of activities to be implemented in the classroom. The conclusions highlight the class plan as the mediative instrument to be incorporated and internalized into the teaching practice, amplifying and modifying the teacher s intervention forms, favoring, thus, her/his pedagogical mediation

A leitura de literatura na escola: por uma educação emocional de crianças na educação infantil

This dissertation examines the contributions of juvenile literature reading for the problematization of the emotional experiences and conflicts of children at infant education. Its importance consists in providing useful information for the pedagogic work orientated to literature reading at the initial series of basic education, in order to increase the teacher s ability to explore the literary text from its instigating and enriching nature in view of the child s emotional experiences and conflicts. It is methodologically based on the principles of the qualitative research, what characterizes it as a case study. The research focused a level V-infant education class with 28 students in 5-6 age group, at a public school of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). The used resources were: audio recording, field diary, and interviews. Seventeen classes were carried out and they consisted in reading sessions of classic and contemporaneous tales, fables, and legends which used different didactic strategies. These sessions were developed in accordance with the reading experience through scaffolding instructions as it was described by Graves & Graves. The theoretical references were the studies of Amarilha (1997/ 2006), Bettelheim (2004), Coelho (1987/2000), Damásio (2005), Del Nero (2003), Eco (1994/2006), Held (1980), Iser (1996), Jauss (2002), Stierle (2002), Wallon (2007), Telles (2006), Yunes (2003), and Zilberman (1987). The analyses showed that literary reading in class is a special environment for inclusion of the reader s subjectivity; as well as the inclusion of their emotional experiences and their conflicts within the story by way of helping children think and become suitable for dealing with their inner feelings. The literary reading is presented as an experiential and formative activity which helps children understand their emotions through a process of identification, exteriorization, and catharsis; what implies that the esthetic experience from the text makes possible the reader s self-knowledge and increases the perception of his inner feelings and objective reality so that this reader has emotional capital to deal with life difficulties. It is important to highlight that the discussions carried out in the class represented a field of sharing experiences through which each reader had the chance to present their experience of life to the others, including their sorrows and sufferings, in order to help them to develop best strategies to deal with the social environment

Já li muita coisa, então, eu posso inventar mais! A leitura literária e o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo na infância

This study investigates the contributions of reading literature for the development of creative thinking in childhood. Its relevance consists in exploring practices that contemplate the creative thinking development in apprentices at school space and understanding the literature like a significant way to promote the creative thinking. The study is connected to the qualitaty strand. The exploratory observation and the intervention were adopted as research techniques. The field diary and the audio and video recording of the reading sections were adopted as methodological instruments. The research was conducted in the application s college from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in a 1th grade class, with 18 students between 6 and 7 years old. During the intervention, 8 readind class happened, with varied strategies and literary genres. The reading sessions were conducted through the principles of scaffolding, defended by Graves and Graves (1995). The corpus is made of speaks episodes, whose encoding semantics allowed the grouping into two central categories: divergent thinking and coauthoring of literary reader. It was taken as a theoretical framework the studies of Amarilha (2011; 2006; 2001; 1991; 1993; 1994), Alencar (2001), Coelho (2000; 1997), Culler (1999), De Masi (2005), Gallo (2000), Guilford (1977), Iser (1996), Jouve (2002), Kneller (1978), Martínez (1997), Smith (2003), Stierle (1979), Vigotski (2009; 1998), Wechsler; Nakano (2003; 2002). The analysis points to the formation of creative individuals in the classroom, through the reading of literature. Reposition the literary education front of the new social demands. Resizes the function of school in children s development, considering the children s skill in exploring, testing hypotheses and making use of their creative thinking, in climate of freedom mental. It signals, in this way, the teacher like a mediator, promoting a favorable to the development of creative thinking environment, a stimulating atmosphere, which enhances the expression of creative thinking in community

Os conselhos como mecanismos de democratização da política educacional :participação e poder de decisão nas ações do Conselho de Controle Social do FUNDEF no município de Parnamirim/RN

This study board the FUNDEF social control council implementation in Parnamirim/RN city, concerning their representatives participation in the accompaniment (decision power) in resort, in front of governmental politics of decentralization, unleashed in 90´s, seen in decentralization process needs the society participation in decisions of educative institutions and represent an efficient way of solve the problems difficult the educational management actions. For this, the council creation of Brazil manager configure, since the 80´s, detaching, and the single characterizing, in actual context. The objective is raise pertinent questions of thematic of representatives members participation of collegiate organs, evidencing the decision power of these, in public resource control. The theory-methodological referential the literature treat the participation and power decision of FUNDEF social control decision, such as politics directrix that rules this council. It utilizes as proceeding of collecting data the semi-structured interview and analyze of meeting register to understand the empirics of council implantation in this city, in view of that the electoral process configured in 2003, showed as a innovation, because the counselor is indicated by the local public power representatives (in this case the education municipal secretary). The research result show the representatives have difficult, to accompany the FUNDEF resources amount, particularly in concern in the financial resources (ratio) over plus. Finally, emphasize the importance of democratization in the relations between the state and civil society, elucidating and exciting reflections a: democratic participation in control of public recourses for education, educational management and civil society mobilization in access of public and cultural cash which the citizen has rights