1000 resultados para Matemàtica aplicada
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Comentarista: Luciana Gross Cunha (Direito SP- Escola de Direito de São Paulo)
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We developed this dissertation aiming its in the process of teaching and learning of the Principle of Mathematical Induction and we set our efforts so that the students of the first year of the high school can assimilate the content having the knowledge seen in the basic education as foreknowledge. With this, we seek to awake in the student the interest on proofs, showing how much it s needed in examples that involve contents that he is already seen
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In this work we study a new risk model for a firm which is sensitive to its credit quality, proposed by Yang(2003): Are obtained recursive equations for finite time ruin probability and distribution of ruin time and Volterra type integral equation systems for ultimate ruin probability, severity of ruin and distribution of surplus before and after ruin
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In this work we present a mathematical and computational modeling of electrokinetic phenomena in electrically charged porous medium. We consider the porous medium composed of three different scales (nanoscopic, microscopic and macroscopic). On the microscopic scale the domain is composed by a porous matrix and a solid phase. The pores are filled with an aqueous phase consisting of ionic solutes fully diluted, and the solid matrix consists of electrically charged particles. Initially we present the mathematical model that governs the electrical double layer in order to quantify the electric potential, electric charge density, ion adsorption and chemical adsorption in nanoscopic scale. Then, we derive the microscopic model, where the adsorption of ions due to the electric double layer and the reactions of protonation/ deprotanaç~ao and zeta potential obtained in modeling nanoscopic arise in microscopic scale through interface conditions in the problem of Stokes and Nerst-Planck equations respectively governing the movement of the aqueous solution and transport of ions. We developed the process of upscaling the problem nano/microscopic using the homogenization technique of periodic structures by deducing the macroscopic model with their respectives cell problems for effective parameters of the macroscopic equations. Considering a clayey porous medium consisting of kaolinite clay plates distributed parallel, we rewrite the macroscopic model in a one-dimensional version. Finally, using a sequential algorithm, we discretize the macroscopic model via the finite element method, along with the interactive method of Picard for the nonlinear terms. Numerical simulations on transient regime with variable pH in one-dimensional case are obtained, aiming computational modeling of the electroremediation process of clay soils contaminated
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Busca analisar o uso da Modelagem em um sistema escolar organizado em ciclos de formação, no que refere a configuração das barreiras que foram citadas pela literatura a partir de reflexões e análises da utilização da Modelagem em sistemas escolares organizados em séries anuais. Visamos analisar se as barreiras se mantêm, se são minimizadas, eliminadas e ainda se surgem outras, na organização escolar em ciclos de formação. Diante de tal objetivo, optamos metodologicamente por uma abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos, a partir de: leituras bibliográficas sobre os temas em questão; entrevistas semi-estruturadas; produções escritas e relatos orais dos alunos, obtidas nas atividades de Modelagem realizadas em uma escola da Rede Municipal de Belém, organizada oficialmente em ciclos de formação. Como resultado da análise dos dados a partir dessas fontes, construímos questionamentos, hipóteses, conclusões e sugestões em torno da configuração das barreiras, quando a Modelagem é utilizada na organização em ciclos de formação. Verificamos que a organização em ciclos é propícia ao uso da Modelagem de maneira ampla e efetiva, em suas diferentes maneiras de materialização, em virtude das medidas oficiais que esse sistema dispõe e suscita. Evidenciamos nesse sentido, o quanto essas medidas prescindem de consolidações e reformulações.
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This paper addresses the single stage lot-sizing problem in parallel machines. Each item can be produced on any machine, and incurs a setup time before to start the production. The objective of this paper is to obtain lower bounds of good quality for this problem. A solution method is developed based on a reformulation of the problem and the Lagrangian relaxation of a set of constraints. Some computational results are presented comparing the proposed method with a method from the literature and with a computational package.
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Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE
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The classifier support vector machine is used in several problems in various areas of knowledge. Basically the method used in this classier is to end the hyperplane that maximizes the distance between the groups, to increase the generalization of the classifier. In this work, we treated some problems of binary classification of data obtained by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) using Support Vector Machine with some complementary techniques, such as: Principal Component Analysis to identify the active regions of the brain, the periodogram method which is obtained by Fourier analysis to help discriminate between groups and Simple Moving Average to eliminate some of the existing noise in the data. It was developed two functions in the software R, for the realization of training tasks and classification. Also, it was proposed two weights systems and a summarized measure to help on deciding in classification of groups. The application of these techniques, weights and the summarized measure in the classier, showed quite satisfactory results, where the best results were an average rate of 95.31% to visual stimuli data, 100% of correct classification for epilepsy data and rates of 91.22% and 96.89% to object motion data for two subjects.
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La Estadística o Matemática Actuarial es la ciencia que proporciona las herramientas necesarias para el estudio de ciertas actividades económicas que llevan a cabo las compañías de seguros. Estas actividades aparecen ligadas al término riesgo, habitual en los escenarios actuariales. Por riesgo se entenderá cualquier suceso que pueda ocurrir y que suponga una pérdida, generalmente cuantificable en términos económicos. La clasificación más simple es la que distingue entre seguros no vida y seguros vida. Los primeros, denominados también seguros generales, cubren en su totalidad los seguros que habitualmente se contratan: seguro de automóviles, de accidentes, contra incendios, contra robos, hogar, etc. Por otro lado un contrato de vida se establece entre una empresa aseguradora y una persona, el asegurado, bajo el que la aseguradora se compromete a pagar a la muerte del asegurado una suma fija al o los beneficiaros designados por el mismo. Se denomina asegurado a la persona física o jurídica titular del bien o interés asegurado que está expuesto al riesgo. Un siniestro es un suceso que produce un daño previsto en el contrato de seguro y que da lugar al cumplimiento de las obligaciones contraídas por la aseguradora mediante la reposición del bien o la indemnización al asegurado. De acuerdo a lo anterior, este trabajo pretende realizar un estudio exhaustivo y comprensivo del análisis de la Estadística Actuarial, en donde se abordará el estudio de un modelo compuesto para el cálculo de prima, también se abordará el modelo de riesgo individual y el modelo no compuesto.
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Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.