Património bibliográfico e bibliotecas na construção da identidade colectiva. Entre um conceito e o seu desenvolvimento, 1750-1800

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História Moderna

A inserção profissional dos diplomados do ensino superior: conciliação e conflito na relação entre o trabalho e outras esferas da vida social

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Sociologia, ramo de Sociologia da Cultura, do Conhecimento e da Educação

Desenvolvimento sustentável em áreas urbanas de génese ilegal

A partir dos anos sessenta do século passado o subdesenvolvimento e o desemprego nas regiões do interior do país levaram a uma onda de emigração das populações para o estrangeiro e migração para as áreas metropolitanas das grandes cidades, sobretudo de Lisboa e Porto, tendo provocado uma elevada procura de habitação. Essa procura, por sua vez, deu origem a um surto de loteamentos ilegais e respetivas construções urbanas, a que se convencionou chamar de "bairros clandestinos", embora estivessem à vista de toda a gente, desprovidos de condições urbanas básicas (ordenamento, infraestruturas e equipamentos). Passados que são mais de 50 anos sobre o seu aparecimento, este fenómeno continua presente e – ainda – em fase de resolução na maioria dos casos. Simultaneamente, neste início do século XXI, conceitos ligados ao desenvolvimento e crescimento urbano sustentável levam-nos a dever tomar e pensar outras atitudes, social, financeira e ambientalmente mais estruturadas e fundamentadas, ou seja, apoiadas em critérios de desenvolvimento sustentável, especificamente, ligados à requalificação e reconversão urbana, devidamente suportadas por documentos políticos / regulamentares ordenadores destas operações urbanísticas. Explorando o tema relacionado com a metodologia processual aplicável à reconversão das AUGI, pretende-se no âmbito da presente tese provar a viabilidade e a necessidade de implementação das novas políticas urbanas vigentes à escala europeia, apoiadas em critérios de desenvolvimento sustentável. Apoiado em experiências europeias e nacionais, ao nível de ecobairros, e suportado numa prévia análise crítica da LAUGI, a presente tese pretende propor orientações de elaboração de novas diretrizes legais para este efeito, a incluir no processo de revisão do referido diploma legal atualmente em curso, e, simultaneamente, apresentar uma proposta de modelo de boas práticas aplicável a qualquer processo de reconversão de AUGI, sistema esse direcionado para a intervenção nas áreas da Energia, Recursos Materiais e Infraestruturas, Transportes e Mobilidade, Território e Recursos Naturais, Vida em Comunidade, e, Edifícios. Esse modelo de boas práticas, aqui intitulado “ARIAS”, é aplicado num processo de reconversão de uma AUGI, e dessa aplicação são retiradas as primeiras conclusões sobre a sua pertinência. A intenção será, pois, tentar provar que este tipo de processos, não obstante a sua génese ilegal e clandestina, podem, nos tempos atuais, verem as suas reconversões urbanísticas ocorrem no contexto da sustentabilidade urbana, contribuindo para uma melhor e mais equilibrada coesão urbana.

A (in)segurança privada em Portugal

Along with the food and the comfort, safety has always been one of the human priorities. In pursuit of this objective, man developed self-preservation mechanisms, went to live in society and created rules to control the community life. In the West and in the late eighteenth century, with the creation of states as we know them today, the monopoly of security, among other powers, has been preserved untouched until the last quarter of this century. With the bankruptcy of the welfare state and the rise of the regulatory state, many of the essential tasks for the community have also been carried out by private companies or institutions, including education, health care and security. Although not easy, education and health care have been more opened to be managed by the private sector. Instead, the privatization of the security sector has seen much more resistance. Still, especially in the West, the states have delegated some of the security competences to private companies. Portugal is no exception to the rule and, after a few years of unregulated activity, in 1982 was published the first law regulating the private security. After the initial stages of development (evolution and maturation), which lasted until the early years of the 2000‘s, the private security now seems to have reached maturity. Today, now with a new legal system, composed by Law no. 34/2013, of 16 may, its regulations and complementary legislation, now private security encompasses other activities and competences - becoming, an increasingly complement to public safety. It has also increased the pre-requisites and control mechanisms for private security companies, and strengthened the rules that limit their scope of activity.

O crédito bancário

The aim of the present dissertation is the analysis of the regime established by Decree-Law No. 227/2012 of 25 October. Reflecting on the referred regime, as a measure to prevent and manage situations of failure to meet the obligations assumed by consumers, the study focuses on the plan of action for debt risk and the extrajudicial procedure to regularize situations of default. The main point is to analyze the purpose and the scope of the regime, and to discuss some key-concepts relevant to its application. In addition, another two figures presented in the regime of Decree-Law No. 227/2012 are considered, namely: the Credit Mediator and the Extrajudicial Network for Bank Clients Support, making reference to their role and the scope of their intervention. Finally, along the work on the present Decree-Law, the some international practices are also analyzed, making reference to the problem of financial illiteracy, and mentioning three foreign examples regarding the adopted solutions to the problem of different legal systems, with reference to consumers’ over-indebtedness.

A consagração dos naturais

“One cannot analyse a legal concept outside the economic and socio-cultural context in which it was applied” – such is the longstanding thesis of António Manuel Hespanha. I argue that Hespanha’s line of argument relative to legal concepts is also applicable, mutatis mutandis, to legal agents: the magistrates, advocates, notaries, solicitors and clerks who lived and exercised their professions in a given time and place. The question, then, is how to understand the actions of these individuals in particular contexts – more specifically in late 18th century and 19th century Goa. The main goal of the present thesis was to comprehend how westernized and Catholic Goan elite of Brahman and Chardó origin who provided the majority of Goan legal agents used Portuguese law to their own advantage. It can be divided into five key points. The first one is the importance of the Constitutional liberalism regime (with all the juridical, judicial, administrative and political changes that it has brought, namely the parliamentary representation) and its relations with the perismo – a local political and ideological tendency nurtured by Goan native Catholic elite. It was explored in the chapter 2 of this thesis. The second key point is the repeated attempts made by Goan native Catholic elite to implement the jury system in local courts. It was studied in the chapter 3. Chapter 4 aims to understand the participation of the native Catholic elite in the codification process of the uses and traditions of the indigenous peoples in New Conquests territory. The fourth key point is the involvement of those elites not only in the conflict of civil and ecclesiastical jurisdictions but also in the succession of the Royal House of Sunda. It was analyzed in the chapter 5. The functions of an advocate could be delegated to someone who, though lacking a law degree, possessed sufficient knowledge to perform this role satisfactorily. Those who held a special licence to practice law were known as provisionários (from provisão, or licence, as opposed to the letrados, or lettered). In the Goa of the second half of the 18th century and the 19th century, such provisionários were abundant, the vast majority coming from the native Catholic elite. The characteristics of those provisionários, the role played by the Portuguese letrados in Goa and the difficult relations between both groups were studied in the chapter 6.

A protecção jurídica do consumidor em Angola

The scope of the present work is to study the legal protection conferred upon the consumer in Angola, especially as regards electronic communication agreements. Its purpose is to promote consumers’ rights and contribute to its defence given the relatively privileged position of professionals in their relationship with consumers. With this in mind, we have made a description of the Consumer Law in Angola based on the Angolan Constitution (as the law that establishes the fundamental rights and guarantees of citizens) and on the Consumer’s Defence Law, which, as the basic law regarding consumers’ rights, provides the framework for this dissertation. We have analysed several aspects relating to consumer relationships, starting from its concept and rights of consumers and covering the legal and contractual mechanisms put in place for their protection. We have also analysed the Advertising Law with a view to better understand consumer’s rights before advertising campaigns carried out by professionals whilst promoting their goods and services and, additionally, to understand the duties and principles that shall be complied with in such campaigns with the purpose to protect the rights and interests of consumers. From a criminal point of view, we have briefly covered the crimes against consumers provided for in the Penal Code and the Law of Infractions against the Economy. In the second part of this work, we have summarised the institutions that protect the rights and interests of consumers, which include the Public Prosecutor Office, the National Institute for the Defence of the Consumers and the Consumers’ Associations. The third and last part of this work covers electronic communications agreements. Given the fact that there is no specific legislation in this matter, our analysis was based on the Civil Code – specifically the part relating to contracts – the Law on General Contractual Terms and Conditions and the Consumer’s Defence Law. We have analysed the formation of contracts, compliance and consumers’ rights resulting from contract breach. We further have appealed to the Angolan legislator to legislate certain aspects of consumer relationships, especially those where breach of consumers’ rights are blatant and facilitated by the lack of specific laws addressing such cases.

Evaluation of self-esteem before and after preceptorship experience for student nurses

seventy-eight diploma nursing students participated (from a class of 112 students) in completing the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory administered by mailed questionnaire before and at the end of the preceptorship. Also a rating form was completed by 70 preceptors to determine how the observed level of self-confidence compared to self-reported self-esteem at the end of the preceptorship program. As well, four preceptors and five preceptees completed weekly diaries and six preceptors and six preceptees participated in weekly phone interviews with the investigator. Overall, self-esteem went up after the preceptorship. A comparison was made between the pretest and posttest using the t-test (dependent paired samples). Significant difference (p=.05) was demonstrated. Self-confidence ratings by preceptors were inaccurate as they had no relation to the self-reported self-esteem level of students. The diaries and interviews of preceptors and preceptees were a rich source of data as well.

An exploration of the impact of a mandatory quality assurance program on the staff nurse's commitment to professional development /

This study explored experiences in relation to the impact of the College of Nurses of Ontario's (CNO's) mandatory Quality Assurance (QA) program on registered nurses (RNs) working in a clinical setting of an acute care hospital. A qualitative descriptive research design was used and data collection was done in 2 stages. First, a survey with open-ended questions was given to 45 nurses. Second, 8 respondents from the survey were interviewed using a semistructured format. Data were obtained from 2 groups-diploma-prepared and post diploma-prepared RNs. Findings demonstrated that the CNO's QA program had varying influences on the RNs' learning paths, and these differences appeared to be related to the educational background of the individual. The diploma-prepared nurses reported that their commitment to professional development was influenced by their level of internal motivation, the pressures associated with time, and the need for a strong external motivator, namely the obligation of management to conduct formal performance appraisals. They further reported that the QA program played a part in positively altering their commitment to continuing education. The post-diploma baccalaureate nurses reported that the QA program played a positive role in influencing their ongoing learning, along with their level of internal motivation, the work and health care environment, and the element of professionalism. Several implications for nursing practice, theory, and fiirther research also became evident.

Beyond the Veil: A Case Study of Context, Culture, Curriculum, and Constructivism at Dubai Women's College

This case study of curriculum at Dubai Women's College (DWC) examines perceptions of international educators who designed and implemented curriculum for female Emirati higher-educational students in the UAE, and sheds light on the complex social, cultural, and religious factors affecting educational practice. Participants were faculty and supervisors, mainly foreign nationals, while students at DWC are exclusively Emirati. Theories prominent in this study are: constructivist learning theory, trans formative curriculum theory, and sociological theory. Change and empowerment theory figure prominently in this study. Findings reveal this unique group of educators understand curriculum theory as a "contextualized" construct and argue that theory and practice must be viewed through an international lens of religious, cultural, and social contexts. As well, the study explores how mandated "standards" in education-in the form of the International English Language Testing System (IEL TS) and integrated, constructivist curriculum, as taught in the Higher Diploma Year 1 program-function as dual curricular emphases in this context. The study found that tensions among these dual emphases existed and were mediated through specific strategies, including the use of authentic texts to mirror the IEL TS examination during in-class activities, and the relevance of curricular tasks.

Letter - E.C. Schmon to Arthur A. Schmon, 29 March 1919

Eleanore Celeste mentions that to be a substitute teacher in Newark one must have a "normal school diploma or a certificate for those exams". She mentions that many people she knows "are being turned down right and left by the Board". The letter is labelled number 252.

Helping Youth Venture Into Volunteerism: A Resource for Ontario Secondary School Educators

This study sought to create a curriculum resource for Ontario secondary school educators that addresses the inadequate preparation of students prior to their involvement in community service. Specifically, Helping Youth Venture Into Volunteerism: A Resource for Ontario Secondary School Educators was designed to help grade 10 Civics and Citizenship teachers prepare students for the 40 hours of community service that are a prerequisite for the Ontario Secondary School Diploma. The resource discusses problems with the current unstructured program, outlines researchers’ recommendations to address such problems, and provides comprehensive unit and lesson plans to help educators meet curriculum expectations for grade 10 Civics and Citizenship. In addition, the study examined the rationale and development of the community service program and reviewed related literature corresponding both to Ontario’s community service program as well as service-learning programs in schools. Study results and the accompanying resource will help improve the community service program’s effectiveness by integrating it into school practices and curriculum and making it more relevant, structured, and meaningful to students. By improving the community service program, students will be more engaged in community service and more likely will become lifelong volunteers and active members of their community.

Les formes de l'illégitimité intellectuelle: genre et sciences sociales françaises entre 1890 et 1940

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales

Le sentiment de surqualification chez les diplômés

La majorité des auteurs qui s’intéressent à la surqualification la comprennent et l’analysent habituellement comme une situation de suréducation ou de déclassement scolaire. Ce mémoire fait l’hypothèse que le sens qu’accordent les individus au fait d’être surqualifié est beaucoup plus large. Même s’il est raisonnable de croire que la majorité des diplômés espèrent pouvoir obtenir un emploi à la hauteur de leur diplôme, le fait de définir le sentiment de surqualification de façon substantialiste, en ne considérant que le niveau de diplôme obtenu par le travailleur et exigé par l’employeur, semble quelque peu réducteur. Le sentiment de surqualification naît d’un jugement social : il est empirique, contextualisé et dynamique. À la croisée des mesures objectives et subjectives, nous explorons ainsi les facteurs explicatifs du sentiment de surqualification chez les diplômés canadiens à partir d’une analyse statistique des déterminants de ce sentiment dans les premières années qui suivent l’obtention de leur diplôme d’études postsecondaires. Nous montrons d’abord que l’utilisation de compétences en emploi et le lien entre le diplôme obtenu et l’emploi expliquent bien plus le sentiment de surqualification que la suréducation objective. Nous montrons aussi que l’impact du niveau d’utilisation d’une compétence donnée sur le sentiment de surqualification varie substantiellement selon le domaine d’études du diplômé et la nature de cette compétence.

L'étendue de la pratique chez les infirmières cliniciennes et les infirmières

Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux infirmières soignantes qui possèdent un diplôme d’études collégiales ou un baccalauréat. L’infirmière est celle ayant reçu une formation collégiale et la clinicienne, une formation universitaire de premier cycle. Au niveau législatif, selon que l’infirmière soit titulaire ou non d’un baccalauréat, le champ de pratique autorisé demeure le même. Cependant, l’étendue de la pratique pourrait varier selon la formation reçue et le poste occupé. Cette étude descriptive et interprétative de type qualitatif avait pour but de décrire l’étendue de la pratique des infirmières et des infirmières cliniciennes dans une unité de médecine et de chirurgie et d’identifier les facteurs organisationnels influençant l’étendue de la pratique. Le cadre de référence ayant été utilisé est le cadre d’analyse de l’étendue de la pratique conçu pour le Collège des infirmières autorisées de la Nouvelle-Écosse (CRNNS, 2005). Selon ce cadre, l’étendue optimale de la pratique des infirmières se divise en 4 catégories distinctes, soit le processus de soins infirmiers, les pratiques relationnelles, le leadership ainsi que l’enseignement et le transfert des connaissances. La collecte de données a été conduite au moyen d’entrevues individuelles semi-structurées auprès de 8 informateurs clés soit trois infirmières et trois infirmières cliniciennes d’une unité de médecine et de chirurgie et de deux gestionnaires. Les résultats semblent montrer que les différentes composantes de l’étendue de la pratique sont mobilisées tant chez les infirmières que chez les infirmières cliniciennes interviewées. Toutefois, les résultats semblent montrer que certaines composantes, soit le leadership et le transfert des connaissances, semblent davantage mobilisées chez les infirmières cliniciennes. De plus, l’étude a permis d’identifier les différents facteurs organisationnels qui semblent influencer l’étendue de la pratique des infirmières et des infirmières cliniciennes. La charge de travail semble être le principal facteur d’influence. Nous avons aussi pu constater l’influence certaines composantes reliées à l’environnement de travail et à la composition et aux caractéristiques des équipes de soins.