无水稀土氯化物催化下Diels-Alder反应的研究

本文研究了在无水氯化稀土催化下2－甲基呋喃和丙烯醛、呋喃和丙烯醛、呋喃和丙烯酸甲酯、2－甲基呋喃和丙烯酸甲酯，呋喃和丙烯酸乙酯以及丁二烯和顺丁烯二酸酐的Diels-Aldel反应，结果表明:（1）无水LnCl_3 (Cn=Nd, Eu, Gd, Yb)对2－甲苯呋喃和丙烯醛的反应有明显的催化作用，反应在温和条件下（25℃，常压无溶剂）顺利进行，不同LnCl_3催化活性按稀土元素原子序数递增而增加。其中，仅用0.008mol% YbCl_3就可催化反应达到85％的产品收率。本反应是连串反应，产物在LnCl_3催化下聚合成低聚物，适当降低催化剂用量是控制产物的聚合从而提高产品收率。与AlCl_3相比，YbCl_3的活性比AlCl_3高。降低反应温度也可以相对控制副反应。当丙烯醛和2－甲基呋喃的用量摩尔比为2:1时，反应能得到最好结果。用THF作溶剂时反应产率比甲苯作溶时要低得多。（2）丙烯醛和呋喃在常温下经CnCl_3催化可得到反应物摩尔比为1：1和2：1两种加成物，主要是2：1加成物。1：1加成物在LnCl_3存在下易聚合，在加热下易聚合。室温下易分角为原料。本反应在－40℃以CH_2Cl_2为溶剂YbCl_3催人时，只得到1：1加成物但收率不高.（3）LnCL_3对呋喃和丙烯酸甲酯的反应有良好的催化活性，当温度为40℃，YbCl_3 10mol%, 反应60小时可得到N/X = 17/27的产物2-carbomethoxy-7-oxabicyclo [2. 2. 1]nept-5-ene, 收率为80％。温度的降低有利地内型产物的生成，反应时间，催化剂用量对反应产物收率和立体选择性都有影响。（4）2－甲基呋喃和丙烯酸甲酯在YbCl_3催化下比（3）的反应更易进行。0℃时，6mol% YbCl_3反应67���时，收率可达88％，产物N/x达3.0。温度的降低有利于内型产物的生成，而反应时间和催化剂用量不影响产物立体选择性。（5）呋喃和丙烯酸乙酯 在10mol% YbCl_3催化下室温反应48小时，得到N／X＝Y_(1.47)的产物44％。温度的降低有利于内型产物的生成，反应时间相对处长有利于产品收率但不影响产品的立体选择性。此外，我们分离得到丙烯酸乙酯和YbCl_3的络合物，证明反应首先是通过YbCl_3和羟基氧的络合，然后再和双烯加成。（6）不同LnCl_3对丁二烯和顺丁烯二酸酐的反应具有不同催化活性，其活性按稀土元素原子序数递增而增加，即：LaCb < PrCl_3 , SmCl_3 < EuCl_3 < GdCl_3 < YbCl_3.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra lancifolia

A new nortriterpenoid, 20-hydroxymicrandilactone D (1) and a novel lignan glycoside, lancilignanside A (2) were isolated from leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia, together with three known nortriterpenoids (3—5) and nine known phenolics (6—14). The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. In addition, compounds 1—2, 6—7, and 9—11 showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activities with 50% effective concentration (EC50) in the range of 3.0—99.0m g/ml. Compound 12 was not bioactive in this assay with EC50 more than 200m g/ml.

湖南尖吻蝮(D. acutus)蛇毒出血毒素的纯化、性质和溶液构象研究

通过Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤，QAE-Sephadex A-50和CM_Sephadex C-25离子交换的步骤，我们从湖南产尖吻蝮(Dienagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素，分别称之为DaHT-1和DaHT-2。在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中均呈单一蛋白带，显示两个出血毒素皆为电泳纯。DaHT-1和DaHT-2的分子量相同，都为23,500道尔顿，具有相似的氨基酸组成，其中酸性氨基酸(Asx和GLx)分别占23%和24%。经等电聚焦(IEF)测得它们的等电点分别为5.6和5.2。两个出血毒素具有较强的出血活性(MHD���别为0.5和0.8μg)，都具蛋白水解酶活力，无精氨酸水解酶和PLA~2活性，但蛋白水解酶活性与出血活性并非正相关。DaHT-1，DaHT-2的最适温度分别为35 ℃，40 ℃；最适pH为6-9。对热不稳定，温度变高于60 ℃，活性完全丧失。在中性和碱性条件下稳定，在酸性条件下不稳定，pH<3，出血活性丧失。EDTA完全抑制，半胱氨酸部分抑制它们的出血活性，表明两个出血毒素都是依赖金属离子的蛋白酶，且二硫键对其活性是必需的。金属离子的分析表明每摩尔毒蛋白大约含0.5摩尔的Zn，1摩尔的Ca，较多的Na，K。Mg，不含Co。两者是糖蛋白，含糖总量分别为11%和7%。用远紫外CD���探讨DaHT-1和DaHT-2的溶液构象所得DaHT-1的α-螺旋，β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为36.9%，27.6%和31.4%；DaHT-2的α-螺旋，β-折迭和无规卷曲分别为23.4%，37.3%和45.3%。随着pH的增大或减少，DaHT-1和DaHT-2的峰位蓝移，在酸性条件下的变化比在碱性条件下大，计算表明：α-螺旋减少，无规卷曲增多，β-折迭基本未变。温度的影响和pH相似，50 ℃时峰位蓝移，α-螺旋减少，无规卷曲增多。EDTA对其影响很大，0.02M EDTA便导致两个出血毒素呈极度的无序状态。

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ORDERED GA0.5IN0.5P GROWN BY METALORGANIC VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY

Optical properties of ordered Ga0.5In0.5P epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy are investigated by photoluminescence (PL) in a temperature range of 10-200 K using excitation power densities between 0.35 W/cm(2) and 20 W/cm(2). It is found that the intensity of the highest-energy PL peak of the ordered Ga0.5In0.5P epilayer decreases first, then increases and finally goes down again with increasing temperature. A model of ordered Ga0.5In0.5P epitaxial layers is proposed, in which the ordered Ga0.5In0.5P epilayer is regarded as a type-II quantum well structure with band-tail states, and the dependence of PL spectra on the temperature and excitation intensity is reasonably explained. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Growth of SiGe by D-UHV/CVD at Low Temperature

The temperature is a key factor for the quality of the SiGe alloy grown by D-UHV/CVD. In conventional conditions,the lowest temperature for SiGe growth is about 550℃. Generally, the pressure of the growth chamber is about 10~(-5) Pa when liquid nitrogen is introduced into the wall of the growth chamber with the flux of 6sccm of the disilane gas. We have succeeded in depositing SiGe films at much lower temperature using a novel method. It is about 10.2 Pa without liquid nitrogen, about 3 magnitudes higher than the traditional method,leading to much faster deposition rate. Without liquid nitrogen,the SiGe film and SiGe/Si superlattice are grown at 485℃. The DCXRD curves and TEM image show that the quality of the film is good. The experiments show that this method is efficient to deposit SiGe at low temperature.

双色量子阱红外探测器大面阵芯片的研制

采用GaAs／AIGaAs和InGaAs／AIGaAs多量子阱，研制出了双色同像素读取结构的中波／长波量子阱红外探测器及160x128元中波／长波双色多量子阱红外探测器芯片。器件的材料结构生长是采用分子束外延技术，在5．08cm半绝缘GaAs衬底上完成的。发展了双色大面阵制备工艺。二维光栅的制备使用标准光刻和离子束刻蚀技术。在77K时，对量子阱红外探测器测试，得到中、长波段峰值探测率分别为D��=（1．61-1．90）x10~(10)cmHz~(1/2)W~-1和（1．54-2．67���x10^10cmHz~(1/2)W~-1)。中、长波段峰值波长分别为（2．7-3．8）μm和8．3μm。

A 12bit 300MHz Current-Steering CMOS D/A Converter

The proposed DAC consists of a unit current-cell matrix for 8MSBs and a binary-weighted array for 4LSBs, trading-off between the precision, speed, and size of the chip. In order to ensure the linearity of the DAC, a double Centro symmetric current matrix is designed by the Q2 random walk strategy. To achieve better dynamic performance, a latch is added in front of the current switch to change the input signal, such as its optimal cross-point and voltage level. For a 12bit resolution,the converter reaches an update rate of 300MHz.

一个10位、50MS/s CMOS折叠流水结构A/D���换器

在0.6μm DPDM标准数字CMOS工艺条件下,实现10位折叠流水结构A/D���换器,使用动态匹配技术,消除折叠预放电路的失调效应;提出基于单向隔离模拟开关的分步预处理,有效压缩了电路规模,降低了系统功耗.在5V电源电压下,仿真结果为:当采样频率为50MSPS时,功耗为120mW,输入模拟信号和二进制输出码之间延迟为2.5个时钟周期,芯片面积1.44mm2.

一种用于高速A/D���换器的高精度参考电压电阻网络

于2010-11-23批量导入

D���数字功率放大器电路失真分析及其负反馈方案讨论

于2010-11-23批量导入

GaAs/Al（0.33）Ga（0.67���As短周期超晶格中能带不连续性随压力的变化

于2010-11-23批量导入

JFET SOS devices: Processing and gamma radiation effects

A process for fabricating n channel JFET/SOS (junction field-effect transistors on silicon-on-sapphire) has been researched. The gate p(+)n junction was obtained by diffusion, and the conductive channel was gotten by a double ion implantation. Both enhancement and depletion mode transistors were fabricated in different processing conditions. From the results of the Co-50 gamma ray irradiation experimental we found that the devices had a good total dose radiation-hardness. When the tot;ll dose was 5Mrad(Si), their threshold voltages shift was less than 0.1V. The variation of transconductance and the channel leakage current were also little.

长白山阔叶红松林CO2收支特征

植被-大气间CO2交换研究对准确评价陆地生态系统碳收支有重要意义。本研究以我国北方典型的植被类型—长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象，以国际公认的涡度相关技术为主要手段，结合微气象观测和生物学实验，探讨了森林碳交换过程与机制，建立了CO2通量观测数据的质量评价与控制体系。主要结论： （1）长白山阔叶红松林湍流通量贡献区主要集中在0.01~2Hz频率范围内，在弱湍流条件下存在通量低估现象。经过质量控制，CO2通量数据能够反映阔叶红松林与大气间CO2交换的真实过程； （2）森林生态系统CO2通量变化范围为-1.5~1.0 mg CO2•m-2•s-1，白天主要受光合有效辐射PAR的影响，但高的空气饱和水汽压差VPD���植被光合有一定的抑制作用，夜间CO2通量主要受温度的控制； （3）5cm温度是控制土壤碳排放的主导因素，由于雨热同季，因此干旱胁迫现象并不明显。土壤呼吸Q10变化范围为3.88~4.67���其值大小与温度区间有关； （4）2003~2005年森林GPP分别为1441、1312和1502gC•m-2，NEE分别为-188、-157和-186gC•m-2，森林碳收支的年际差异是由水热条件引起。叶片和群落高的弱光利用率和较强的光合吸收能力是其作为有200多年林龄的温带原始林，仍保持较高固碳能力的重要原因之一； （5）2003~2005年生态系统碳排放量分别为1252、1155和1326gC•m-2，土壤呼吸约占生态系统呼吸排放的80%； （6）长白山阔叶红松林具有较高的碳代谢能力，但由于光合吸收和呼吸释放都很活跃，森林总体表现为一稳定、适度的碳汇。这与其温带成熟原始林在碳循环领域的生态功能相一致。