Resolviendo problemas como los detectives del pasado.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico dedicado a la resolución de problemas y didáctica de la historia.

Educación, Violencia contra las Mujeres y DD HH en Iberoamérica.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Enseñanza de la perspectiva cónica : método en el espacio real, y su simulación en el espacio virtual.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Religi??n y espiritualidad en la formaci??n y la pr??ctica del trabajo social en el Reino Unido

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: Espiritualidad y acci??n social. Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n. Resumen en ingl??s y catal??n

??Qu?? hac??as para aprobar los ex??menes de Ciencias, qu?? aprendiste y qu?? cambiar??as? : preguntamos a futuros docentes de Educaci??n Primaria

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Formaci??n inicial de los docentes de ense??anza media : una mirada desde las universidades ??pedag??gicas?? chilenas

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Relação entre personalidade, vulnerabilidade ao stress e burnout nos elementos da polícia de segurança pública

Os polícias são profissionais expostos a diversos fatores de stress, podendo este ser percecionado de diferentes formas consoante a personalidade de cada pessoa. Tentámos conhecer a vulnerabilidade ao stress e a relação com a personalidade em elementos da Polícia de Segurança Pública, verificando também se o stress e as perturbações da personalidade estão correlacionados. A amostra utilizada neste estudo foi constituída por 119 indivíduos adultos, 13 do sexo feminino com uma média de idades de 26 anos (DP=1.53) e 106 do sexo masculino com uma média de idades de 25.31 anos (DP=2.14). Como medidas foram utilizadas, para as Perturbações da Personalidade, o Inventário Clínico Multiaxial de Millon - MCMI (Millon, 1969), para a vulnerabilidade ao stress, o 23 Q.V.S (Vaz Serra, 2000) e para a Síndrome de Burnout (exaustão, cinismo e eficácia profissional) o M.B.I-G.S. (Scaufeli; Leiter; Maslach; Jackson, 1996 ; Nunes, 2003). Os resultados confirmam as relações esperadas, designadamente entre o narcisimo e a exaustão emocional e entre o perfecionismo e o burnout. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com a literatura.

Goal sketching: towards agile requirements engineering

This paper describes a technique that can be used as part of a simple and practical agile method for requirements engineering. The technique can be used together with Agile Programming to develop software in internet time. We illustrate the technique and introduce lazy refinement, responsibility composition and context sketching. Goal sketching has been used in a number of real-world development projects, one of which is described here.

Fibre and effects on probiotics (the prebiotic concept)

The burden (economic and medicinal) of acute and chronic gut disorders continues to increase. As efficient therapies are few, attention has turned towards the use of so-called functional foods to mediate against gut disorder. These target particular genera of gut bacteria seen as beneficial, e.g. bifidobacteria, lactobacilli. The use of products containing live microbial species (probiotics) has a long history of use in humans and many trials have been reported as 'positive'. Taking the view that positive components of the gut flora already exist in the intestinal tract, the prebiotic concept has been developed. Here, dietary carbohydrates have a selective metabolism within the gut flora thereby shifting the community towards a more advantageous structure. Conventional fibres like pectins, cellulose, etc. are not selectively metabolised by gut bacteria. However, certain oligosaccharides do have this capability. Most research has been conducted with fructooligosaccharides, like inulin, which have a powerful bifidogenic effect. Trials are ongoing to determine the clinical benefits of prebiotic use. Intestinal disorders like ulcerative colitis, gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome are particular targets. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inulin: a prebiotic functional food ingredient

The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as playing a central role in human health and disease. This dichotomous relationship with the host forms a central theme in this review, which addresses how we may divert the gut microbiota away from some of its more harmful activities towards beneficial interactions with the human host. We describe the concept of prebiotics, which use specific dietary carbohydrates to increase the numbers of what are seen as beneficial bacteria within the colon, in a selective manner. Specifically, the use of β(2-1) fructans or inulin in general, and certain of its fractions in particular as prebiotics, will be described. Prebiotic fructans constitute efficacious functional foods and there is strong evidence supporting the selectivity of their fermentation within the human gut microbiota, resulting in an increase in the relative numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. There is also considerable evidence, mainly from animal studies but also in humans, that dietary supplementation with prebiotic fructans, through modulation of the microbiota, plays a protective role in colon cancer, heart disease and bone health. However, the mechanisms by which this prebiotic microbiota modulation mediates such diverse health outcomes remain unclear. The future challenge facing the field of prebiotic functional foods will be the elucidation of these mechanisms of action. Recent high resolution bioomics technologies, especially metabonomics, provide the tools necessary to define the metabolic consequences of prebiotic microbiota modulation.

Comparison of algal and fish sources on the oxidative stability of poultry meat and its enrichment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Human consumption of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) is below recommendations, and enriching chicken meat (by incorporating LC n-3 PUFA into broiler diets) is a viable means of increasing consumption. Fish oil is the most common LC n-3 PUFA supplement used but is unsustainable and reduces the oxidative stability of the meat. The objective of this experiment was to compare fresh fish oil (FFO) with fish oil encapsulated (EFO) in a gelatin matrix (to maintain its oxidative stability) and algal biomass at a low (LAG, 11), medium (MAG, 22), or high (HAG, 33 g/kg of diet) level of inclusion. The C22:6n-3 contents of the FFO, EFO, and MAG diets were equal. A control (CON) diet using blended vegetable oil was also made. As-hatched 1-d-old Ross 308 broilers (144) were reared (21 d) on a common starter diet then allocated to treatment pens (4 pens per treatment, 6 birds per pen) and fed treatment diets for 21 d before being slaughtered. Breast and leg meat was analyzed (per pen) for fatty acids, and cooked samples (2 pens per treatment) were analyzed for volatile aldehydes. Concentrations (mg/100 g of meat) of C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were (respectively) CON: 4, 15, 24; FFO: 31, 46, 129; EFO: 18, 27, 122; LAG: 9, 19, 111; MAG: 6, 16, 147; and HAG: 9, 14, 187 (SEM: 2.4, 3.6, 13.1) in breast meat and CON: 4, 12, 9; FFO: 58, 56, 132; EFO: 63, 49, 153; LAG: 13, 14, 101; MAG: 11, 15, 102; HAG: 37, 37, 203 (SEM: 7.8, 6.7, 14.4) in leg meat. Cooked EFO and HAG leg meat was more oxidized (5.2 mg of hexanal/kg of meat) than the other meats (mean 2.2 mg/kg, SEM 0.63). It is concluded that algal biomass is as effective as fish oil at enriching broiler diets with C22:6 LC n-3 PUFA, and at equal C22:6n-3 contents, there is no significant difference between these 2 supplements on the oxidative stability of the meat that is produced.