Major Sport Event Operational Planning Issues and Strategies: A Multi-Case Delphi Study

This study examined the operational planning, implementation and execution issues of major sport events, as well as the mitigation and management strategies used to address these issues, with the aim of determining best practices in sport event operational planning. The three Research Questions were: 1) What can previous major sport events provide to guide the operational management of future events? 2) What are the operational issues that arise in the planning and execution of a major sport event, how are they mitigated and what are the strategies used to deal with these issues? 3) What are the best practices for sport event operational planning and how can these practices aid future events? Data collection involved a modified Delphi technique that consisted of one round of in-depth interviews followed by two rounds of questionnaires. Both data collection and analysis were guided by an adaptation of the work of Parent, Rouillard & Leopkey (2011) with a focus on previously established issue and strategy categories. The results provided a list of Top 26 Prominent Issues and Top 17 Prominent Strategies with additional issue-strategy links that can be used to aid event managers producing future major sport events. The following issue categories emerged as having had the highest impact on previous major sport events that participants had managed: timing, funding and knowledge management. In addition, participants used strategies from the following categories most frequently: other, formalized agreements and communication.

A planning support system for airport city development

Many airports around the world are diversifying their land use strategies to integrate non-aeronautical development. These airports embrace the “airport city” concept to develop a wide range of commercial and light industrial land uses to support airport revenues. The consequences of this changing urban form are profound for both airport and municipal planners alike and present numerous challenges with regard to integration of airport and regional planning. While several tools exist for regional planning and airport operational planning, no holistic airport landside and regional planning tool exist. What is required is a planning support system that can integrate the sometimes conflicting stakeholder interests into one common goal for the airport and the surrounding region. This paper presents a planning support system and evaluates its application to a case study involving Brisbane Airport and the South East Queensland region in Australia.

Investigating the efficacy of an intelligent operation planning and support tool for acute healthcare contexts

Nurses are the largest group of healthcare professionals in hospitals providing 24-hour care to patients. Hence, nurses are pivotal in coordinating and communicating patient care information in the complex network of healthcare professionals, services and other care processes. Yet, despite nurses' central role in health care delivery, intelligent systems have historically rarely been designed around nurses' operational needs. This could explain the poor integration of technologies into nursing work processes and consequent rejection by nursing professionals. The complex nature of acute care delivery in hospitals and the frequently interrupted patterns of nursing work suggest that nurses require flexible intelligent systems that can support and adapt to their variable workflow patterns. This study is designed to explore nurses' initial reactions to a new intelligent operational planning and support tool (IOPST) for acute healthcare. The following reports on the first stage of a longitudinal project to use an innovative approach involving nurses in the development of the IOPST; from conceptualization to implementation.

A review of models and model usage scenarios for an airport complex system

Airports represent the epitome of complex systems with multiple stakeholders, multiple jurisdictions and complex interactions between many actors. The large number of existing models that capture different aspects of the airport are a testament to this. However, these existing models do not consider in a systematic sense modelling requirements nor how stakeholders such as airport operators or airlines would make use of these models. This can detrimentally impact on the verification and validation of models and makes the development of extensible and reusable modelling tools difficult. This paper develops from the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) framework a methodology to help structure the review and development of modelling capabilities and usage scenarios. The method is applied to the review of existing airport terminal passenger models. It is found that existing models can be broadly categorised according to four usage scenarios: capacity planning, operational planning and design, security policy and planning, and airport performance review. The models, the performance metrics that they evaluate and their usage scenarios are discussed. It is found that capacity and operational planning models predominantly focus on performance metrics such as waiting time, service time and congestion whereas performance review models attempt to link those to passenger satisfaction outcomes. Security policy models on the other hand focus on probabilistic risk assessment. However, there is an emerging focus on the need to be able to capture trade-offs between multiple criteria such as security and processing time. Based on the CONOPS framework and literature findings, guidance is provided for the development of future airport terminal models.

Design of a wind turbine - battery energy storage scheme to achieve power dispatchability

Battery energy storage system (BESS) is to be incorporated in a wind farm to achieve constant power dispatch. The design of the BESS is based on the forecasted wind speed, and the technique assumes the distribution of the error between the forecasted and actual wind speeds is Gaussian. It is then shown that although the error between the predicted and actual wind powers can be evaluated, it is non-Gaussian. With the known distribution in the error of the predicted wind power, the capacity of the BESS can be determined in terms of the confident level in meeting specified constant power dispatch commitment. Furthermore, a short-term power dispatch strategy is also developed which takes into account the state of charge (SOC) of the BESS. The proposed approach is useful in the planning of the wind farm-BESS scheme and in the operational planning of the wind power generating station.

News from Academy Bay

Proclamation of a Great Galapagos Marine Reserve. Recovery of the Marine Iguana Population After the El Niño Catastrophe. The Española Tortoises - a Very Special Case. A Botanical Workshop at the Darwin Station. The Campaign to Save the Hawaiian Petrel. Visitors to the Galapagos National Park. Re-opening of the Cristobal Bonifaz Building. Joint Operational Planning. Meeting of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific. Galapagos Conservationists Receive WWF Award.

Energy efficiency in trawling operations

Diurnal variation in trawl catches and its influence on energy efficiency of trawler operations are discussed in this paper, based on data on landings of a Japanese factory trawler which operated in the Indian waters during 1992-93. The factory vessel equipped for stern trawling had a length overall of 110 m, GT of 5460 and installed engine power of 5700 hp. Operations were conducted off west coast of India between 31 and 278 m depth contours, using a 80.4 m high opening bottom trawl with an adjusted vertical opening of 7.60.9 m. The catch data was grouped according to the median towing hour, by the time of the day. CPUE obtained was 3713.4 kg.h-1 for day time operations and 1536.6 kg.h-1 for night-time operations. Mean daily catches were 31367 kg.day-1 (SE: 2743) for day time operations and 9430 kg.day-1 (SE: 966) for night-time operations. Fuel consumption were 0.399 and 0.982 kg fuel.kg fish-1, respectively for day and night-time operations. Total catch and catch components such as threadfin bream, bulls eye, hairtails, trevelly, lizard fish showed significant improvement during day-time operations while swarming crabs showed a significant improvement in the night-time operations. The difference in catch rates between day and night could be attributed to diurnal variation in the spatial distribution and schooling behaviour of the catch categories, their differential behaviour in the vicinity of trawl systems under varying light levels of day and night and consequent effect on catching efficiency and size selectivity at different stages in the capture process. The results obtained in addition to its importance in the operational planning of trawling in order to realise objectives of maximising catch per unit effort and minimising fuel consumption per unit volume of fish caught, has added significance in the use of bottom trawl surveys in stock abundance estimates.

Evidence-based policymaking and the public interest: lessons in legitimacy

This paper draws upon an analysis of regional spatial planning to highlight the centrality of ethics in praxis. In this context political liberalism is particularly helpful in developing a deeper understanding of the activities of those engaged in planning decision making. At the most basic level it demonstrates the importance of not only using shared liberal values as the foundation for public discourses but also achieving consensus through the development of an inclusive evidence base, derived from both lay and professional knowledge. Specifically, political liberalism provides a practical critique, enabling judgments to be made on problems which pervade operational planning practice and an evaluation to be conducted of the dynamic between and actions of participants.

Gestão da sustentabilidade nas organizações: uma nova metodologia

O presente trabalho pretende auxiliar o processo de consolidação do conceito de sustentabilidade no seio das organizações. Partindo de ferramentas de gestão e avaliação já existentes, esta tese sugere a sua integração numa única metodologia, ultrapassando desse modo as limitações e potenciando as suas capacidades enquanto ferramentas isoladas. O modelo proposto para o Sistema de Gestão da Sustentabilidade (SGS) integra assim: o conceito de melhoria contínua característico dos sistemas de gestão normalizados; a capacidade de tradução da perspetiva estratégica da gestão para o plano operacional, característica do Business Scorecard (BSC); e, por fim, a avaliação emergética é ainda utilizada como uma ferramenta de avaliação da sustentabilidade de sistemas. Um objetivo secundário desta tese prende-se com o desenvolvimento de um procedimento para a realização da análise emergética de um sistema. Depois de analisada a literatura referente à utilização da análise emergética, identificou-se como necessária a definição de um procedimento normalizado, adotando um conjunto de tarefas e um formato de apresentação de resultados que permita disseminar o conceito e tornar a ferramenta mais “utilizável”. Por outro lado, procurou-se dotar o procedimento com um conjunto de indicações que permitem ultrapassar limitações e inconvenientes apontados pelos críticos mas também utilizadores do método, nomeadamente: problemas de dupla contagem, cálculo da incerteza da análise e critérios de qualidade da informação utilizada. O modelo dos sistemas de gestão normalizados apresenta um papel central na metodologia proposta. O conceito de “melhoria contínua” afigura-se como fundamental num sistema que pretende implementar o conceito “desenvolvimento sustentável” e avaliar o seu desempenho à luz do mesmo. Assim, o ciclo Plan-Do-check-Act (PDCA) deve ser utilizado para implementar o SGS de acordo com uma Política para a Sustentabilidade que a organização deve desenvolver. Definida a Política, o modelo baseia-se então no ciclo PDCA: fase de planeamento; fase de implementação; fase de verificação; e fase de revisão. É na fase de planeamento do SGS que se sugere a introdução das outras duas ferramentas: a análise emergética (AEm) e o BSC. A fase de planeamento do modelo de SGS proposto neste trabalho foi aplicada à Universidade de Aveiro (UA), incluindo a definição de uma Política para a Sustentabilidade e o planeamento estratégico e operacional. A avaliação emergética à UA foi realizada recorrendo ao procedimento desenvolvido nesta tese e permitiu caracterizar e avaliar os fluxos de recursos que a “alimentam” sob uma só unidade, atribuindo deste modo graus de importância aos diferentes recursos utilizados. A informação representa 96% do total de recursos utilizados na UA, quando avaliados sob o ponto de vista emergética. Para além da informação, os fluxos financeiros representam a maior fatia do orçamento emergético da UA, grande parte dos quais serve para sustentar os serviços prestados pelo corpo docente da UA. Analisando valores históricos de 3 indicadores de desempenho emergético, observa-se que a UA não regista uma evolução positiva em nenhum dos indicadores: a emergia utilizada nos edifícios tem-se mantido mais ou menos constante; a retribuição emergética da UA para a sociedade, avaliada sobre a forma de diplomados, tem diminuído; e a relação emergética entre professores e alunos tem também diminuído, facto que pode refletir-se na qualidade dos “produtos” da UA. Da aplicação do SGS à UA regista-se: a adequabilidade do ciclo PDCA à implementação de um SGS; a capacidade da AEm “obrigar” a organização a adotar uma abordagem sistémica da sua atividade, resultando numa visão mais aprofundada da sua relação com o contexto ambiental, económico e social em que se insere; a importância da visão estratégica e da sua tradução em termos operacionais na fase de planeamento de um SGS; e, por fim, a capacidade de adaptação e dupla funcionalidade (implementação e avaliação) do modelo de SGS proposto. A metodologia de SGS proposta nesta tese, sendo direcionada para todo o tipo de organizações, não se desvirtua quando aplicada ao contexto específico das instituições de ensino superior e permite implementar e avaliar o conceito “desenvolvimento sustentável” nas quatro dimensões da universidade (Educação, Investigação, Operação; Relação com as partes interessadas).

Planification de la récolte et allocation des produits aux usines

L’industrie forestière est un secteur qui, même s’il est en déclin, se trouve au cœur du débat sur la mondialisation et le développement durable. Pour de nombreux pays tels que le Canada, la Suède et le Chili, les objectifs sont de maintenir un secteur florissant sans nuire à l’environnement et en réalisant le caractère fini des ressources. Il devient important d’être compétitif et d’exploiter de manière efficace les territoires forestiers, de la récolte jusqu’à la fabrication des produits aux usines, en passant par le transport, dont les coûts augmentent rapidement. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de développer un modèle de planification tactique/opérationnelle qui permet d’ordonnancer les activités pour une année de récolte de façon à satisfaire les demandes des usines, sans perdre de vue le transport des quantités récoltées et la gestion des inventaires en usine. L’année se divise en 26 périodes de deux semaines. Nous cherchons à obtenir les horaires et l’affectation des équipes de récolte aux blocs de coupe pour une année. Le modèle mathématique développé est un problème linéaire mixte en nombres entiers dont la structure est basée sur chaque étape de la chaine d’approvisionnement forestière. Nous choisissons de le résoudre par une méthode exacte, le branch-and-bound. Nous avons pu évaluer combien la résolution directe de notre problème de planification était difficile pour les instances avec un grand nombre de périodes. Cependant l’approche des horizons roulants s’est avérée fructueuse. Grâce à elle en une journée, il est possible de planifier les activités de récolte des blocs pour l’année entière (26 périodes).

Le potentiel des technologies de l’information et des communications pour le renforcement de la résilience organisationnelle lors des opérations d’évacuation : é́tude de cas de la ville de New York

Lorsque les ouragans entrent en contact avec l'environnement bâti et naturel, les autorités publiques n'ont parfois d'autre choix que de déclarer l'évacuation obligatoire de la population située en zone à risque. En raison de l'imprévisibilité du déroulement d'une catastrophe et des comportements humains, les opérations d'évacuation sont confrontées à une incertitude significative. Les expériences passées ont montré que les technologies de l'information et des communications (TIC) ont le potentiel d'améliorer l'état de l'art en gestion des évacuations. Malgré cette reconnaissance, les recherches empiriques sur ce sujet sont à ce jour limitées. La présente étude de cas de la ville de New York explore comment l'intégration des TIC dans la planification opérationnelle des organisations ayant des responsabilités en matière de transport peut améliorer leurs réponses aux événements et influencer le succès global du système de gestion des catastrophes. L'analyse est basée sur les informations recueillies au moyen d'entretiens semi-dirigés avec les organisations de transport et de gestion des catastrophes de la ville de New York ainsi qu’avec des experts du milieu universitaire. Les résultats mettent en lumière le potentiel des TIC pour la prise de décision en interne. Même s’il est largement reconnu que les TIC sont des moyens efficaces d'échanger de l'information en interne et entre les organisations, ces usages sont confrontés à certaines contraintes technologique, organisationnelle, structurelle et systémique. Cette observation a permis d'identifier les contraintes vécues dans les pratiques usuelles de gestion des systèmes urbains.