Lihahygienialainsäädännön omavalvontasäädökset ja käytäntö Oy Snellman Ab:n teurastamossa ja leikkaamossa, osa I Osa 1 : Owncontrol directions in meat hygiene legislation and their practical implementation in the slaughterhouse and cutting plant of Snellman Ltd, part I

Summary: Owncontrol directions in meat hygiene legislation and their practical implementation in the slaughterhouse and cutting plant of Snellman Ltd, part I

Prosessinostureita valmistavan liiketoimintayksikön arvoverkoston kustannusrakenne

Työn tarkoituksena on tutkia prosessinosturiliiketoiminnan rajatun arvoketjun ja - verkoston kustannuksia. Tavoitteena on selvittää valittujen vaihtoehtoisten valmistuspaikkojen toimintojen pohjalta yleinen arvoketju kustannuskertymineen. Lisäksi tavoitteena on kehittää taulukkolaskentaohjelmistoon perustuva laskentamalli tai perustyökalu kustannusten kasautumisen arviointiin. Edelleen pyrkimyksenä on löytää rakennetusta mallin avulla kehitys- ja jatkotoimenpiteiden kohteita. Työssä perehdytään aluksi arvoketju -viitekehykseen ja niihin seikkoihin joista se muodostuu kirjallisuudesta löytyvän tiedon pohjalta. Arvoketjuajattelu on yksinkertaisimmillaan yrityksen toimintojen tarkastelua kilpailukyvyn ja -edun näkökulmasta. Liiketoiminnan kehittyminen verkostomaiseksi vaatii kuitenkin laajemman ¿ arvoverkosto - tarkastelunäkökulman. Toisaalta liiketoiminnan pidemmän aikavälin kilpailukyvyn suunnittelu edellyttää syvällisempää arvoketjujen ja toimintojen tarkastelua ja hallintaa, jolloin tarvitaan kehittyneempiä laskentatoimen menetelmiä ja kustannuslaskentajärjestelmiä. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osiossa arvoketjuajattelua ja arvoverkostoviitekehystä sekä kustannuslaskentamenetelmiä sovelletaan käytännön tapauksiin. Tulokset osoittavat tutkimukseen valittujen neljän valmistuspaikan kustannuskertymän ja -rakenteen. Kustannuskertymältään alhaisimmaksi osoittautui tuotantolaitos Saudi-Arabiassa, kunloppuasiakkaan sijainti on Qatarissa. Puolalainen tehdas osoittautui puolestaankilpailukykyisimmäksi, kun nosturin toimitusosoite on Italian pohjoisosaan. Tulosten perusteella kustannusrakenteiden suurimmat kustannuserät ovat kuljetus-, teräsrakenteen valmistus- ja suunnittelutoiminnot.

Value added logistical support service. Part 1 : Trends and new concept model

The aim of `Valssi' study was to find out the service requirements in `business-to-business' (B2B) markets and to present a new logistics service concept, where the traditional logistics service is expanded with significant manufacturing and value addedfacilities. The traditional third-party logistics service providers are not necessarily able to offer services, which cover widely the needs of potential customers. The study has been outlined to spare part markets in metal industry. In the second phase of the Valssi-project the aim is to examine the economical conditions and potentiality of the new logistics business concept. This research report (Part 1) concentrates on examining current trends in global and domestic logistics markets. Based on detailed survey among the participating companies, the study presents basis for a new logistics business concept model. The developed concept consists of 12 different service modules, which are split into deeper details of processes. The integration of worldwide supplier and service provider network together with customer companies systems is a challenge. The report focuses on evaluating the requirements for the new business concept from the customer-companies point of view. The study paints an overall picture of distribution and service provider network including an abstract about the software and system integration possibilities. As a result of the survey, it can be concluded that thereis need for the new business concept among the participating companies, and a modular service concept meets the requirements of them, because the new sophisticated concept considers the specialities involved in spare part logistics in metal industry.

Value added logistical support service: logistics cost structure and performance in the new concept. Part 3

The aim of this study is to present an Activity-Based Costing spreadsheet tool for analyzing the logistics costs. The tool can be used both by customer-companies and logistics service providers. The study discusses the influence of different activity models on costs. Additionally this paper discusses about the logistical performance across the total supply chain This study is carried out using ananalytical research approach and literature material has been used for supplementing the concerned research approach. Cost structure analysis was based on the theory of activity-based management. This study was outlined to spare part logistics in machine-shop industry. The outlines of logistics services and logisticalperformance discussed in this report are based on the new logistics business concept (LMS-concept), which has been presented earlier in the Valssi-project. Oneof the aims of this study is to increase awareness of different activity modelson logistics costs. The report paints an overall picture about the business environment and requirements for the new logistics concept.

Value added logistics in supply and demand chains. Smile. Part 1. eBusiness between global company and itslocal sme supplier network

VALOSADE (Value Added Logistics in Supply and Demand Chains) is the research project of Anita Lukka's VALORE (Value Added Logistics Research) research team inLappeenranta University of Technology. VALOSADE is included in ELO (Ebusiness logistics) technology program of Tekes (Finnish Technology Agency). SMILE (SME-sector, Internet applications and Logistical Efficiency) is one of four subprojects of VALOSADE. SMILE research focuses on case network that is composed of small and medium sized mechanical maintenance service providers and global wood processing customers. Basic principle of SMILE study is communication and ebusiness insupply and demand network. This first phase of research concentrates on creating backgrounds for SMILE study and for ebusiness solutions of maintenance case network. The focus is on general trends of ebusiness in supply chains and networksof different industries; total ebusiness system architecture of company networks; ebusiness strategy of company network; information value chain; different factors, which influence on ebusiness solution of company network; and the correlation between ebusiness and competitive advantage. Literature, interviews and benchmarking were used as research methods in this qualitative case study. Networks and end-to-end supply chains are the organizational structures, which can add value for end customer. Information is one of the key factors in these decentralized structures. Because of decentralization of business, information is produced and used in different companies and in different information systems. Information refinement services are needed to manage information flows in company networksbetween different systems. Furthermore, some new solutions like network information systems are utilised in optimising network performance and in standardizingnetwork common processes. Some cases have however indicated, that utilization of ebusiness in decentralized business model is not always a necessity, but value-add of ICT must be defined case-specifically. In the theory part of report, different ebusiness and architecture models are introduced. These models are compared to empirical case data in research results. The biggest difference between theory and empirical data is that models are mainly developed for large-scale companies - not for SMEs. This is due to that implemented network ebusiness solutions are mainly large company centered. Genuine SME network centred ebusiness models are quite rare, and the study in that area has been few in number. Business relationships between customer and their SME suppliers are nowadays concentrated more on collaborative tactical and strategic initiatives besides transaction based operational initiatives. However, ebusiness systems are further mainly based on exchange of operational transactional data. Collaborative ebusiness solutions are in planning or pilot phase in most case companies. Furthermore, many ebusiness solutions are nowadays between two participants, but network and end-to-end supply chain transparency and information systems are quite rare. Transaction volumes, data formats, the types of exchanged information, information criticality,type and duration of business relationship, internal information systems of partners, processes and operation models (e.g. different ordering models) differ among network companies, and furthermore companies are at different stages on networking and ebusiness readiness. Because of former factors, different customer-supplier combinations in network must utilise totally different ebusiness architectures, technologies, systems and standards.

Value added logistics in supply and demand chain. Smile. Part 2. eBusiness in a service business. Case: A maintenance and operations network in forest industry

VVALOSADE is a research project of professor Anita Lukka's VALORE research team in the Lappeenranta University of Technology. The VALOSADE includes the ELO technology program of Tekes. SMILE is one of four subprojects of the VALOSADE. The SMILE study focuses on the case of the company network that is composed of small and micro-sized mechanical maintenance service providers and forest industry as large-scale customers. The basic principle of the SMILE study is the communication and ebusiness in supply and demand networks. The aim of the study is to develop ebusiness strategy, ebusiness model and e-processes among the SME local service providers, and onthe other hand, between the local service provider network and the forest industry customers in a maintenance and operations service business. A literature review, interviews and benchmarking are used as research methods in this qualitative case study. The first SMILE report, 'Ebusiness between Global Company and Its Local SME Supplier Network', concentrated on creating background for the SMILE study by studying general trends of ebusiness in supply chains and networks of different industries. This second phase of the study concentrates on case network background, such as business relationships, information systems and business objectives; core processes in maintenance and operations service network; development needs in communication among the network participants; and ICT solutions to respond needs in changing environment. In the theory part of the report, different ebusiness models and frameworks are introduced. Those models and frameworks are compared to empirical case data. From that analysis of the empirical data, therecommendations for the development of the network information system are derived. In process industry such as the forest industry, it is crucial to achieve a high level of operational efficiency and reliability, which sets up great requirements for maintenance and operations. Therefore, partnerships or strategic alliances are needed between the network participants. In partnerships and alliances, deep communication is important, and therefore the information systems in the network also are critical. Communication, coordination and collaboration will increase in the case network in the future, because network resources must be optimised to improve competitive capability of the forest industry customers and theefficiency of their service providers. At present, ebusiness systems are not usual in this maintenance network. A network information system among the forest industry customers and their local service providers actually is the only genuinenetwork information system in this total network. However, the utilisation of that system has been quite insignificant. The current system does not add value enough either to the customers or to the local service providers. At present, thenetwork information system is the infomediary that share static information forthe network partners. The network information system should be the transaction intermediary, which integrates internal processes of the network companies; the network information system, which provides common standardised processes for thelocal service providers; and the infomediary, which share static and dynamic information on right time, on right partner, on right costs, on right format and on right quality. This study provides recommendations how to develop this system in the future to add value to the network companies. Ebusiness scenarios, vision, objectives, strategies, application architecture, ebusiness model, core processes and development strategy must be considered when the network information system will be developed in the next development step. The core processes in the case network are demand/capacity management, customer/supplier relationship management, service delivery management, knowledge management and cash flow management. Most benefits from ebusiness solutions come from the electrifying of operational level processes, such as service delivery management and cash flow management.

Value added logistical support service Part 2. Outsourcing process of spare part logistics in metal industry

The aim of this research study was to find out guidelines for outsourcing of logistics processes. The study was outlined to spare parts and `business-to-business' (B2B) markets in metal industry. This study can be applied as a manual for outsourcing especially warehousing and transportation activities. The study also touches other important areas of spare part logistics like manufacturing, customer service, procurement, quality control, reverse and recycling logistics, logistics technologies and valueadded services. The method of study consisted of three areas. Firstly exchanging views with logistics experts in participating companies, and secondly compiling material based on author's practical experience in logistics business with several international and domestic logistics service providers and vendors. Thirdlythe study includes also references to literature material. Due to the fact thatthe outsourcing of logistics functions can be handled widely and from differentpoint of views, in this study it is concentrated mainly on giving general levelguidelines for defining logistics strategy, hints both for tendering process and implementation project, and not forgetting the aftercare of business partnership.

Lobbying as a Part of Business Management

Lobbying by companies and the management techniques of lobbying have been fairly unknown territory. This study explains different theories related to lobbying including major political, economic and mathematical theories and their connections to lobbying. Existing lobbying networks in the European Union, especially at the European Union level, are explained. Lobbying organisations in the European Union are interconnected. Networks start at a local level, and have connections to national, European Union, international and sometimes to the global level. Relationships between business strategy and lobbying are studied with emphasis on issues management. Business strategy is often seen stemming from business environment analysis and stakeholder management. The issues management concept bridges aspects of business environment analysis and stakeholder management into a project type of management approach. The study includes two different empirical parts. A sample of public policy managers representing the European chemical industry was interviewed, and a chemical industry specific lobbying framework was built. This framework was then tested using a questionnaire sent to European public issues managers representing some of the largest European companies. Based on the results of the questionnaire, a generic framework on how large, European companies manage lobbying in general terms was developed.

Logistics in Pump Manufacturer's Spare Part Distribution Network

Tässä diplomityössä käsitellään pumppujen maailmanlaajuista varaosa-jakelua. Työn pääpaino on varaosien moniportaisen jakeluverkon toimitusketjun logistiikassa. Asiakaspalvelussa varaosien nopea saatavuus on ratkaisevassa asemassa, jotta asiakkaiden tehtaiden käynnissäpito voidaan turvata. Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää Ahlström Pumpuille uusi globaali toimintamalli varaosien jakeluun. Tämä uusi varaosien jakelumalli on kehitetty pääasiassa sopimusasiakkaille, jotka ovat halukkaita ulkoistamaan varaosatoimintonsa. Mallia sovelletaan käytäntöön varaosien jakelussa ensiksi Suomessa ja Ruotsissa. Myöhemmin on tarkoitus kopioida mallia myös muualle. Malli on pyritty rakentamaan siten, että siihen voidaan helposti liittää muita Ahlström Pumppujen tarjoamia palveluita. Työssä koottu materiaali perustuu pääasiassa haastatteluihin, palavereihin, erilaisiin sisäisiin raportteihin, kirjallisuuteen ja itsenäiseen selvitystyöhön. Työssä on myös tutustuttu kolmen eri yrityksen after-sales- ja varaosatoimintaan.

Performance Measurement as Part of Management

To achieve success in a constantly changing environment and with ever-increasing competition, companies must develop their operations continuously. To do this, they must have a clear vision of what they want to be in the future. This vision can be attained through careful planning and strategising. One method of transforming a strategy and vision into an everyday tool used by employees is the use of a balanced performance measurement system. The importance of performance measurement in the implementation of companies' visions and strategies has grown substantially in the last ten years. Measures are derived from the company's critical success factors and from many different perspectives. There are three time dimensions: past, present and future. Many such performance measurement systems have been created since the 1990s. This is a case study whose main objective is to provide a recommendation for how the case company could make use of performance measurement to support strategic management. To answer this question, the study uses literature-based research and empirical research at the case company's premises. The theoretical part of the study consists of two sections: introducing the Balanced Scorecard and discussing how it supports strategic management and change management. The empirical part of this study determines the company's present performance measurement situation through interviews in the company. The study resulted in a recommendation to the company to start developing the Balanced Scorecard system. By setting up this kind process, the company would be able to change its focus more towards the future, beginning to implement a more process-based organisation and getting its employees to work together towards common goals.

management as a part of product lifecycle management

Tässä työssä käsitellään maailmanlaajuisen paperi- ja sellutehtaille laitteita toimittavan yrityksen Andritz:in dokumenttien hallintaa, keskittyen lähinnä yrityksen service- liiketoiminnan ja tuotteen elinkaaren hallinnan tarpeisiin. Tarkoituksena on selvittää kuinka aikaisemmin yritykselle muihin tarkoituksiin valittu dokumenttien hallinta-järjestelmä sopii Service-liiketoiminnan tarpeisiin. Työ perustuu kirjallisuutteen sekä tekijän työn ohella sekä haastatteluin keräämään näkemykseen liiketoiminnasta tällä alalla. Työssä käsitellään yleisellä tasolla dokumenttien hallintajärjestelmiä, niiden rakennetta ja perusominaisuuksia, sekä esitellään markkinoilla olevia erityylisiä ratkaisuja. Työssä esitellään myös Andritz:in dokumenttien hallinnan nykytilaa, tuotteen elinkaaren päävaiheet, dokumenttien hallinnan merkitys niissä ja nykyisin käytössä oleva dokumenttien hallintajärjestelmä. Näiden rinnalla pyritään tuomaan esille Service- liiketoiminnan erityispiirteet ja tarpeet dokumenttien hallinnalle niiden kannalta. Työhön on sisällytetty myös käytännön esimerkki dokumenttien hallinnasta suuressa käynnissä olevassa projektissa. Projektissa käytetään dokumenttihotelli palvelua dokumenttien projektin aikaiseen hallintaan. Hotellissa olevat dokumentit tulee siirtää myös Andritzin omaan järjestelmään, tämä siirto on tehty osana työtä.