51 resultados para Mercado único europeo


Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The liberalisation of the energy market goes back to the 1990s, when it was impelled by the European legislator. Since then, three legislative packages, temporarily successive, were approved. Those packages contained the measures to be implemented in order to deepen the internal energy market. Besides the opening up of several national markets to competition, the European legislator aimed the creation of a real internal energy market within the European Union. The unbundling regime was one of the most important steps with respect to the liberalisation process. The introduction of these rules ensured independence to the various market operators. A real and effective right of choice was granted to the consumers so they may choose their electricity and natural gas supplier. Therefore, the activity of comercialisation is subject to competition. However, some activities of the electricity’s and natural gas’ chain of value, namely the activities of transportation and distribution, were kept under regulation rules. Even though it may seem odd, the assignment of important competences and strong powers to a regulatory authority was essential in order to achieve the liberalisation process’ goals. Electricity and natural gas are essential public goods; therefore the market operators are legally bound to public service obligations, such as the security, the universality and the continuity of the supply. The performance of these obligations may become, in some cases, unprofitable for those operators. For such reason, the protection of the consumers’ rights shall only be properly defended if there is a regulatory authority that monitors the behaviour of the operators and sanctions the failure to comply with the public service obligations. Portugal, as a Member State of the European Union, transposed into the national legal order the European directives concerning the liberalisation process. This transposition has caused radical changes to the electricity and natural gas’ national markets. The Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos also suffered various mutations in order to keep up with the regulatory demands regarding the liberalisation process.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação: área de Educação e Desenvolvimento

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A existência de um mercado único de bens, serviços, capital e mão-de-obra tomou-se simultâneamente uma evidência e um axioma inquestionável para a teori a económica dominante. A globalização dos mercados mundiais apresenta-se como uma forma material determinante da inquestionabilidade teórica do pensamen to económico neo-liberal. Converteu-se numa mundividência, isto é, na representação económica dominante. Contribui para o prognóstico qu e vaticina o fim dos Estados nacionais. Propala-se o fim de uma era, o fim da história como espaço de conflitos. Estas duas últimas afirmações, embora não pertençam ao discurso da teoria económica, integram-na como tendên cias inevitáveis ou como leis naturais inexoráveis que permitem o pleno funcionamento do mercado universal anunciado. O completo falhanço das economias socialistas e a desintegração geo-política do Império Soviético corroboramas tendências acima mencionadas.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Lexicologia e Lexicografia

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

With this dissertation we aim to analyze the most relevant aspects of the excise duties harmonized regime, considering Community origins, but having also in attention all legal specifications of its implementation in Portugal. The legal regime of excise duties is presented as an ambitious theme, considering the challenge of different branches of law that influence this subject, such as Tax, Economic and Community laws, the inescapable influence of customs procedures, or regarding environmental objectives. In the European context, the harmonization of excise duties was seen as a condition for the implementation of the internal market, contributing to undo secular tax barriers between Member States and, since so, ensure fair competition and free movement of services and goods. Along with VAT, the excise duties harmonization process could represent a potential European tax system, essential for a full and integrated single market. In this context, it is essential to pay special attention to specific characteristics of excise duties regime, such as ‘duty suspension arrangement’ applicable during the production phase, storage and movement in certain conditions. The growing importance of excise duties, as for revenue or extra-fiscal purposes, recommends new academic studies on this subject, seeking new opportunities and challenges.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

With this dissertation we aim to analyze the most relevant aspects of the excise duties harmonized regime, considering Community origins, but having also in attention all legal specifications of its implementation in Portugal. The legal regime of excise duties is presented as an ambitious theme, considering the challenge of different branches of law that influence this subject, such as Tax, Economic and Community laws, the inescapable influence of customs procedures, or regarding environmental objectives. In the European context, the harmonization of excise duties was seen as a condition for the implementation of the internal market, contributing to undo secular tax barriers between Member States and, since so, ensure fair competition and free movement of services and goods. Along with VAT, the excise duties harmonization process could represent a potential European tax system, essential for a full and integrated single market. In this context, it is essential to pay special attention to specific characteristics of excise duties regime, such as ‘duty suspension arrangement’ applicable during the production phase, storage and movement in certain conditions. The growing importance of excise duties, as for revenue or extra-fiscal purposes, recommends new academic studies on this subject, seeking new opportunities and challenges.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e tecnologia

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial de obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho de Mestrado Em Ciências da Comunicação com Especialização em Estudos dos Media e Jornalismo

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Baseado no relatório de “Factores Sociais de Inovação A” (da responsabilidade do Prof. Dr. António Brandão Moniz) no Programa Doutoral em Avaliação de Tecnologia (FCT-UNL) em Julho de 2011. O trabalho teve ainda a orientação da Profª Cristina Paixão de Sousa

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Sociologia, na área de Especialização em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações.