A individualização do direito à saúde: contributos a partir de um olhar analítico

Este artigo de natureza ensaística procura contribuir para o desenvolvimento de argumentos já apresentados a respeito de reconfigurações ideológicas nas políticas de saúde. A partir de dimensões analíticas discute-se o espaço e implicações da individualização do direito à saúde no contexto de maior liberalização dos mercados e de maior exposição ao investimento privado lucrativo. A individualização do direito à saúde assume-se como contrária aos princípios éticos e morais consolidados entre os países ocidentais a partir da 2ª metade do séc. XX, em que o acesso aos cuidados passa gradualmente a estar dependente das condições individuais das famílias, não obstante o pagamento de impostos e outros seguros. Não só passa a existir espaço para formas desiguais de acesso ao direito à saúde, como o princípio da utilização racional que baseia esta reconfiguração é uma crença managerialista falaciosa e, em larga medida, irrealista. Esta discussão é ilustrada a partir de dados da OCDE, os quais demonstram tendências díspares a respeito desta dinâmica.

The portuguese insurance industry: basis for strategic process decision

Nowadays, the Portuguese insurance industry operates in a market with a much more aggressive structure than a few decades ago. Markets and the economy have become globalised since the last decade of the 20th century. Market forces have gradually shifted – power is now mainly on the demand side. In order to meet the new requirements, the insurance industry must develop a strong strategic ability to respond to constant changes of the new international economic order.One of the basic aspects of this strategic development will focus on the ability to predict the future. We introduce the subject by briefly describing the sector, its organisational structure in the Portuguese market, and challenges arising from the development of the European Union. We then analyse the economic and financial structure of the sector. From this point of view, we aim at the possibility of designing models that could explain the demand for insurance, claims and technical reserves evolution. Such models, (even if based on the past), would resolve, at least partly, one of the greatest difficulties experienced by insurance companies when estimating the budget. Thus, we examine the existence of variables that explain the previous points, which are capable of forming a basis for designing models that are simple but efficient, and can be used for strategic planning.

Extreme Value Theory versus traditional GARCH approaches applied to financial data: a comparative evaluation

Although stock prices fluctuate, the variations are relatively small and are frequently assumed to be normal distributed on a large time scale. But sometimes these fluctuations can become determinant, especially when unforeseen large drops in asset prices are observed that could result in huge losses or even in market crashes. The evidence shows that these events happen far more often than would be expected under the generalized assumption of normal distributed financial returns. Thus it is crucial to properly model the distribution tails so as to be able to predict the frequency and magnitude of extreme stock price returns. In this paper we follow the approach suggested by McNeil and Frey (2000) and combine the GARCH-type models with the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to estimate the tails of three financial index returns DJI,FTSE 100 and NIKKEI 225 representing three important financial areas in the world. Our results indicate that EVT-based conditional quantile estimates are much more accurate than those from conventional AR-GARCH models assuming normal or Student’s t-distribution innovations when doing out-of-sample estimation (within the insample estimation, this is so for the right tail of the distribution of returns).

Validation of a measurement scale for the relationship between the orientation to corporate social responsibility and other business strategic variables

The importance of Social Responsibility (SR) is higher if this business variable is related with other ones of strategic nature in business activity (competitive success that the company achieved, performance that the firms develop and innovations that they carries out). The hypothesis is that organizations that focus on SR are those who get higher outputs and innovate more, achieving greater competitive success. A scale for measuring the orientation to SR has defined in order to determine the degree of relationship between above elements. This instrument is original because previous scales do not exist in the literature which could measure, on the one hand, the three classics sub-constructs theoretically accepted that SR is made up and, on the other hand, the relationship between SR and the other variables. As a result of causal relationships analysis we conclude with a scale of 21 indicators, validated scale with a sample of firms belonging to the Autonomous Community of Extremadura and it is the first empirical validation of these dimensions we know so far, in this context.

Diagnóstico e análise das tendências e condições para a implementação dum modelo de qualidade num serviço de imagiologia hospitalar: o caso da radiologia convencional

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde.

General Insights into Word Choice in Business Communication

Words are the smallest units of messages. Attention should be given to each word used to be sure it is the most effective one. An effective word is one that the receiver will understand and that will elicit the wanted response. The ability to choose words by (a) using a dictionary and a thesaurus and (b) following some of the principles of business communication described in this text can be improved.

Opções reais: Avaliação do projecto de investimento de três parques eólicos em ambiente onshore e offshore

Os Projectos de Investimento desempenham um importante papel no crescimento económico-social dos países, proporcionando emprego e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Na óptica dos projectos inovadores, concretamente no sector das energias renováveis, acarretam elevados investimentos, numa base temporal de longo prazo. Nestes casos as decisões estratégicas assumem um papel determinante, assim, o principal objectivo desta dissertação é a utilização das Opções Reais como métrica de avaliação dos projectos de investimento. A análise e avaliação dos projectos implica em si incerteza nas previsões, desta forma, as Opções Reais minimizam o risco associado à incerteza através da inclusão da flexibilidade no processo de avaliação. A primeira parte da dissertação consiste na contextualização energética mundial e nacional, ao nível da energia primária e das energias renováveis, com incidência na energia eólica. A segunda consiste na introdução teórica dos projectos de investimento e dos conceitos inerentes às Opções Financeiras e às Opções Reais. Por último, apresenta-se um caso de estudo de construção de três parques eólicos e as consequentes decisões de investimento concluindo que os modelos de avaliação das Opções Reais proporcionam alternativas e interdependência em investimentos futuros.

Between theory and practice – teaching maths to elementary school students in Poland

The development of children's school achievements in mathematics is one of the most important aims of education in Poland. The results of research concerning monitoring of school achievements in maths is not optimistic. We can observe low levels of children’s understanding of the merits of maths, self-developed strategies in solving problems and practical usage of maths skills. This article frames the discussion of this problem in its psychological and didactic context and analyses the causes as they relate to school practice in teaching maths

Perfil de risco do investidor: diferenças entre homens e mulheres

Mestrado em Contabilidade

Microscopic Theory of Anchoring Transitions at the Surfaces of Pure Liquid-Crystals and their Mixtures .1. The Fowler Approximation

We have generalized earlier work on anchoring of nematic liquid crystals by Sullivan, and Sluckin and Poniewierski, in order to study transitions which may occur in binary mixtures of nematic liquid crystals as a function of composition. Microscopic expressions have been obtained for the anchoring energy of (i) a liquid crystal in contact with a solid aligning surface; (ii) a liquid crystal in contact with an immiscible isotropic medium; (iii) a liquid crystal mixture in contact with a solid aligning surface. For (iii), possible phase diagrams of anchoring angle versus dopant concentration have been calculated using a simple liquid crystal model. These exhibit some interesting features including re-entrant conical anchoring, for what are believed to be realistic values of the molecular parameters. A way of relaxing the most drastic approximation implicit in the above approach is also briefly discussed.

Simulation and theory of hybrid aligned liquid crystal films

We present a study of the effects of nanoconfinement on a system of hard Gaussian overlap particles interacting with planar substrates through the hard-needle-wall potential, extending earlier work by two of us [D. J. Cleaver and P. I. C. Teixeira, Chem. Phys. Lett. 338, 1 (2001)]. Here, we consider the case of hybrid films, where one of the substrates induces strongly homeotropic anchoring, while the other favors either weakly homeotropic or planar anchoring. These systems are investigated using both Monte Carlo simulation and density-functional theory, the latter implemented at the level of Onsager's second-virial approximation with Parsons-Lee rescaling. The orientational structure is found to change either continuously or discontinuously depending on substrate separation, in agreement with earlier predictions by others. The theory is seen to perform well in spite of its simplicity, predicting the positional and orientational structure seen in simulations even for small particle elongations.

Da comunicação popular

As manifestações públicas de cultura popular têm sido abordadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento (antropologia, sociologia, história, etnografia e outras), mas as ciências da comunicação têm-lhes dado relativamente menos atenção. Do estudo de festas populares, sobretudo na investigação literária da sua matriz religiosa, passamos à investigação e à análise dos processos comunicacionais destas manifestações. O encontro com uma nova área das ciências da comunicação, a folkcomunicação, foi decisivo para a opção por paradigmas e instrumentos de análise que nos têm apoiado na investigação em curso sobre comunicação popular. Este texto tem como principal objectivo apresentar a origem e a evolução desta teoria comunicacional, Folkcomunicação, teoria inspirada na Escola de Chicago. Trata-se de um artigo teórico/conceptual, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do Estado da Arte em relação à cultura popular e à folkcomunicação.

Da comunicação popular

As manifestações públicas de cultura popular têm sido abordadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento (antropologia, sociologia, história, etnografia e outras), mas as ciências da comunicação têm-lhes dado relativamente menos atenção. Do estudo de festas populares, sobretudo na investigação literária da sua matriz religiosa, passámos à investigação e à análise dos processos comunicacionais destas manifestações. O encontro com uma nova área das ciências da comunicação, a folkcomunicação, foi decisivo para a opção por paradigmas e instrumentos de análise que nos têm apoiado na investigação em curso sobre comunicação popular. Este texto tem como principal objectivo apresentar a origem e a evolução desta teoria comunicacional, Folkcomunicação, teoria inspirada na Escola de Chicago. Trata-se de um artigo teórico/conceptual, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do Estado da Arte em relação à cultura popular e à folkcomunicação.

On the choice of posittioning and cluster size for fixed relay stations in a LTE network

The long term evolution (LTE) is one of the latest standards in the mobile communications market. To achieve its performance, LTE networks use several techniques, such as multi-carrier technique, multiple-input-multiple-output and cooperative communications. Inside cooperative communications, this paper focuses on the fixed relaying technique, presenting a way for determining the best position to deploy the relay station (RS), from a set of empirical good solutions, and also to quantify the associated performance gain using different cluster size configurations. The best RS position was obtained through realistic simulations, which set it as the middle of the cell's circumference arc. Additionally, it also confirmed that network's performance is improved when the number of RSs is increased. It was possible to conclude that, for each deployed RS, the percentage of area served by an RS increases about 10 %. Furthermore, the mean data rate in the cell has been increased by approximately 60 % through the use of RSs. Finally, a given scenario with a larger number of RSs, can experience the same performance as an equivalent scenario without RSs, but with higher reuse distance. This conduces to a compromise solution between RS installation and cluster size, in order to maximize capacity, as well as performance.