Reflections on the role and design of online dictionaries for specialised translation

This article is an updated and modified version of a Spanish article published in MonTi 6 (cf. Tarp 2014a). It deals with specialised translation dictionaries. Based on the principles of the function theory, it analyses the different phases and sub-phases of the translation process from a lexicographical perspective and shows that a translation dictionary should be much more than a mere bilingual dictionary if it really pretends to meet its users’ complex needs. Thereafter, it presents a global concept of a translation dictionary which includes various mono- and bilingual components in both language directions. Finally, the article discusses, by means of two concrete online projects, how this concept can be applied on the Internet in order to develop high-quality translation dictionaries with quick access to data that are still more adapted to the needs of each translator.

Breaking down complex saproxylic communities: understanding sub-networks structure and implications to network robustness

Saproxylic insect communities inhabiting tree hollow microhabitats correspond with large food webs which simultaneously are constituted by multiple types of plant-animal and animal-animal interactions, according to the use of trophic resources (wood- and insect-dependent sub-networks), or to trophic habits or interaction types (xylophagous, saprophagous, xylomycetophagous, predators and commensals). We quantitatively assessed which properties of specialised networks were present in a complex networks involving different interacting types such as saproxylic community, and how they can be organised in trophic food webs. The architecture, interacting patterns and food web composition were evaluated along sub-networks, analysing their implications to network robustness from random and directed extinction simulations. A structure of large and cohesive modules with weakly connected nodes was observed throughout saproxylic sub-networks, composing the main food webs constituting this community. Insect-dependent sub-networks were more modular than wood-dependent sub-networks. Wood-dependent sub-networks presented higher species degree, connectance, links, linkage density, interaction strength, and were less specialised and more aggregated than insect-dependent sub-networks. These attributes defined high network robustness in wood-dependent sub-networks. Finally, our results emphasise the relevance of modularity, differences among interacting types and interrelations among them in modelling the structure of saproxylic communities and in determining their stability.

COMENEGO (Corpus Multilingüe de Economía y Negocios): a metadiscursive analysis approach

This paper describes a stage in the COMENEGO project, which is creating comparable corpora of Business texts in order to distribute them among translation practitioners so that they can use this resource when translating economic, business or financial texts. This stage consists of discursive analysis of a pilot specialised corpus initially compiled in French and Spanish. Its textual resources are classified in different categories which need to be confirmed so that they can be useful when including them into the virtual platform which will allow users exploit the corpus and filter their searches according to their specific needs. The aim of this paper is to propose a discursive analysis approach based on the concept of ‘metadiscourse’ (Hyland, 2005).

La variación término-fraseológica en el lenguaje de la macroeconomía. Estudio basado en corpus sobre las medidas de saneamiento ante la crisis

Comprender las noticias económicas puede no ser fácil debido tanto a los conocimientos especializados que exige esta área de conocimiento como a la vaguedad con la que, en forma de variación terminológica, se materializan dichas noticias. En este artículo describimos la variación de una serie de unidades terminológicas y fraseológicas en un corpus periodístico sobre los planes de saneamiento del sector financiero y formulamos hipótesis en torno a los motivos que causan este fenómeno.

Assessment of University External Internships. Towards a Mixed Model for Measuring the Acquisition of Skills and the Satisfaction of Parties Involved

The continuous improvement of management and assessment processes for curricular external internships has led a group of university teachers specialised in this area to develop a mixed model of measurement that combines the verification of skill acquisition by those students choosing external internships with the satisfaction of the parties involved in that process. They included academics, educational tutors of companies and organisations and administration and services personnel in the latter category. The experience, developed within University of Alicante, has been carried out in the degrees of Business Administration and Management, Business Studies, Economics, Advertising and Public Relations, Sociology and Social Work, all part of the Faculty of Economics and Business. By designing and managing closed standardised interviews and other research tools, validated outside the centre, a system of continuous improvement and quality assurance has been created, clearly contributing to the gradual increase in the number of students with internships in this Faculty, as well as to the improvement in satisfaction, efficiency and efficacy indicators at a global level. As this experience of educational innovation has shown, the acquisition of curricular knowledge, skills, abilities and competences by the students is directly correlated with the satisfaction of those parties involved in a process that takes the student beyond the physical borders of a university campus. Ensuring the latter is a task made easier by the implementation of a mixed assessment method, combining continuous and final assessment, and characterised by its rigorousness and simple management. This report presents that model, subject in turn to a persistent and continuous control, a model all parties involved in the external internships are taking part of. Its short-term results imply an increase, estimated at 15% for the last course, in the number of students choosing curricular internships and, for the medium and long-term, a major interweaving between the academic world and its social and productive environment, both in the business and institutional areas. The potentiality of this assessment model does not lie only in the quality of its measurement tools, but also in the effects from its use in the various groups and in the actions that are carried out as a result of its implementation and which, without any doubt and as it is shown below, are the real guarantee of a continuous improvement.

Percepción de las enfermeras de atención especializada sobre la prescripción enfermera

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la percepción que sobre el concepto de “prescripción enfermera” tienen los profesionales enfermeros de atención especializada. Para ello se realizó un abordaje cualitativo mediante técnica Delphi, con la participación de 20 profesionales enfermeros que constituyeron el grupo de expertos. El período de estudio estuvo comprendido entre diciembre de 2008 y febrero de 2009 y se desarrolló en un hospital de tercer nivel de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se identificaron 17 actividades que fueron entendidas por el grupo de expertos como prescripción enfermera, siendo éstas agrupadas con arreglo a tres categorías: prescripción independiente, colaborativa y basándose en un protocolo. El grupo de expertos consideró que dichas actividades pueden ser desarrolladas mediante dos perfiles competenciales enfermeros: el perfil administrativo y el facultativo.

A vueltas con la traducción inversa especializada en el ámbito profesional. Un estudio basado en encuestas

Este artículo hace un estudio descriptivo de la práctica profesional de la traducción inversa especializada. Tras reseñar diferentes trabajos que inciden en la realidad de esta modalidad de traducción en distintos países, se describe la traducción inversa llevada a cabo desde el español, a partir de un estudio basado en encuestas. Los resultados muestran que se trata de una modalidad real, si bien no siempre se da con la misma frecuencia en tal o cual campo de especialización, en tal o cual combinación lingüística.

La comunicación en la red de pacientes con enfermedades raras en España

Introducción: Este estudio se centra en la estrategia de comunicación de las organizaciones de pacientes con enfermedades raras en internet. Objetivo: Analizar la utilización de las herramientas de comunicación en internet. Métodos: Se examinaron 143 organizaciones de pacientes nacionales. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de cada una de las webs de las organizaciones, redes sociales y blogs. Y se han llevado a cabo encuestas telefónicas a 90 organizaciones con las que se contactó, el 63% del total. Resultados: El 84% de las web está gestionada por miembros de las organizaciones sin formación específica y el 16% por profesionales. Se dirigen en la misma proporción a pacientes y allegados que al resto de la población, pero no utilizan herramientas que les permitan una comunicación más fluida. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de contar con personal especializado y con espacios habilitados en la red para comunicarse con el resto de la población.

The use of corpora as translation resources: A study based on a survey of Spanish professional translators

The aim of this paper is to describe the use that professional translators make of corpora as translation resources. First, we briefly review the literature on translation practitioners’ use of corpora in the contexts of both translation training and professional translation. Then we present our survey-based study, analyse the uptake of corpora among Spanish translators and describe the use of this kind of translation resource. The results show that even if corpora are not as frequently used as other kinds of resources, such as dictionaries, there are professional translators who do use corpora, in a variety of ways, in their work. Additionally, non-users do not seem entirely sceptical about corpora. Against that backdrop, translator trainers are invited to continue to report on how corpora can be used as translation resources.

Neotropical Copestylum Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae) Breeding in Fruits and Flowers, Including 7 New Species

Ten species of Copestylum (Diptera: Syrphidae) were reared from fruits and flowers in Costa Rica, Ecuador and Trinidad. Seven were new and in this paper, we describe them, their development sites and the third stage larva and/or the puparium of all ten species. One new synonym is proposed, Copestylum pinkusi (Curran) [= Copestylum cinctiventre (Curran)]. Similarities and differences between these new and other Copestylum species, suggest they separate into two groups, referred to as the Vagum and Cinctiventre species groups. Features characterising these groups for both adult and early stages are assessed. Each species was also distinguished using adult and early stage characters. Within the Vagum group, adults were more disparate morphologically than the larval stage; this was reversed in the Cinctiventre group. Adult colour patterns are probably cryptic in function and for disguise. Vagum species have disruptive marks, while the Cinctiventre species have reflective colours. Biologically, the groups are almost distinguished by larval development sites. Vagum species use predominantly fruits and have a larval stage that is relatively generalised in form and habit. Cinctiventre species are confined to developing in flowers and the larva is more specialised. A key to both adult and early stages of all ten species is provided.