Assessment of Web Content Accessibility Levels in Spanish Official Online Education Environments

Diversity-based designing, or the goal of ensuring that web-based information is accessible to as many diverse users as possible, has received growing international acceptance in recent years, with many countries introducing legislation to enforce it. This paper analyses web content accessibility levels in Spanish education portals according to the international guidelines established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). Additionally, it suggests the calculation of an inaccessibility rate as a tool for measuring the degree of non-compliance with WAI Guidelines 2.0 as well as illustrating the significant gap that separates people with disabilities from digital education environments (with a 7.77% average). A total of twenty-one educational web portals with two different web depth levels (42 sampling units) were assessed for this purpose using the automated analysis tool Web Accessibility Test 2.0 (TAW, for its initials in Spanish). The present study reveals a general trend towards non-compliance with the technical accessibility recommendations issued by the W3C-WAI group (97.62% of the websites examined present mistakes in Level A conformance). Furthermore, despite the increasingly high number of legal and regulatory measures about accessibility, their practical application still remains unsatisfactory. A greater level of involvement must be assumed in order to raise awareness and enhance training efforts towards accessibility in the context of collective Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), since this represents not only a necessity but also an ethical, social, political and legal commitment to be assumed by society.

UniMOOC: trabajo colaborativo e innovación educativa

Desde que en 2007-2008 se pusiera en práctica por vez primera la metodología MOOC (Cursos Abierto Online y Masivo), el proceso de innovación educativa se ha acelerado gracias a iniciativas tan potentes como Udacity, Coursera o MITx. Su impacto potencial en el mundo universitario y de la enseñanza en general han llevado a replantear el futuro de la educación a gran escala. El éxito de los MOOCs ha sido exponencial, desde los 50 matriculados en el curso de David Wiley sobre Educación Abierta (año 2007) hasta los más de 2.5 millones de inscritos en Coursera en 2012. Hasta este punto, se ha vivido un proceso de reafirmación y apuesta por el modelo tanto por parte de la sociedad como de las instituciones educativas de mayor prestigio en el mundo. A pesar de encontrarnos aun en un marco metodológico claramente experimental, ya nadie puede negar el éxito cosechado por los MOOCs y el previsible futuro que parece aguardarles. En este documento se presenta el caso UniMOOC como el primer MOOC para emprendedores en español, un proyecto que comienza a definirse en la primavera de 2012, y que cuenta con una proyección orientada a alcanzar los 60.000 alumnos en su primera edición.

Características de los ambientes de aprendizaje online para una práctica docente de calidad. Indicadores de evaluación

Contribuir a la mejora de la calidad de la enseñanza y de los resultados de aprendizaje constituye uno de los retos en el sistema universitario actual que exige un gran esfuerzo de coordinación en las acciones de investigación e innovación a desarrollar. Para alcanzar este propósito, desde el grupo de investigación EDUTIC-ADEI (VIGROB-039) de la Universidad de Alicante se ha promovido la constitución de una red docente interdepartamental e interuniversitaria que pretende investigar sobre cómo debe ser la enseñanza online que se desarrolla en el ámbito universitario. Para ello, se ha abordado el concepto de ambiente de aprendizaje en este contexto virtual con el fin de delimitar los parámetros que deben definir una enseñanza de calidad cuando hablamos de e-learning, Masive Open Online Courses [MOOCs], Personal Learning Environment [PLE], etc. La investigación, pues, ahonda en los aspectos curriculares que conforman dichos ambientes de aprendizaje online con el fin de delimitar los parámetros de una enseñanza virtual de calidad.

Validación del Cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad de cursos virtuales adaptado a MOOC

Los Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) son una modalidad de formación virtual que está ya presente en el panorama educativo actual y que responde a una concepción determinada de e-learning. Las universidades están integrando como parte de su oferta formativa este tipo de formación o, al menos, se está debatiendo si se integra o no. Ante esto, se hace necesario calibrar cuáles deben ser sus características con el fin de configurar un tipo de formación virtual de calidad. Se considera que son necesarios instrumentos que avalen la calidad de los MOOC desde diferentes perspectivas, en este caso la pedagógica, ya que de ello dependerá el éxito y la consolidación de este tipo de e-learning. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido, pues, validar un cuestionario para la evaluación pedagógica de los MOOC adaptando el cuestionario de evaluación de cursos virtuales (Arias, 2007). Se ha analizado la validez y fiabilidad de dicho cuestionario a través de un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación Varimax. Se concluye que bastaría con introducir adaptaciones en la relación de dimensiones propuestas en este cuestionario que tuviera en cuenta las especificidades de los MOOC, ya que estos no pueden analizarse única y exclusivamente desde la óptica general del e-learning anterior a los MOOC. Así, las dimensiones en las cuales se basa dicho cuestionario son: 1) la calidad de la comunicación y los elementos multimedia de los cursos masivos en línea; 2) la coherencia curricular de los cursos y el grado de adaptación al usuario y 3) la calidad de su planificación didáctica.

Expectativas de estudiantes universitarios frente a sus capacidades y competencias para participar en cursos abiertos y en línea

La educación virtual ha instalado una manera diferente de comprender la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Asimismo, ha venido a modificar los roles de profesores y estudiantes y las formas de acceder al conocimiento. En este contexto, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las expectativas de estudiantes universitarios en torno a sus propias capacidades y competencias para participar en cursos abiertos y en línea. Nos aproximamos a estas cuestiones a través de un diseño descriptivo y correlacional con la participación de 115 estudiantes chilenos y 75 españoles. Los análisis psicométricos evidencian una buena consistencia del instrumento confirmando las dimensiones teóricas del instrumento, además de la correlación entre algunos factores y las variables demográficas de los grupos estudiados.

Estrategia MOOC en la Universidad de Alicante para la Educación Digital del Futuro. UA|edf

La Universidad de Alicante es una de las instituciones de educación superior que ha querido recoger el guante lanzado por la reciente aparición de los cursos en abierto, en línea y masivos (MOOC — Massive Open Online Course) para emprender una iniciativa propia que hemos denominado Educación Digital para el Futuro (UA|edf). Pero antes de tomar decisiones, había que analizar el estado de la situación y, sobre todo, su posible evolución. En este trabajo se expone de forma sintetizada el estudio realizado, se describe la estrategia de implementación adoptada en nuestra institución junto con las decisiones funcionales, técnicas y tecnológicas empleadas para su rápida puesta en marcha y, para finalizar, se discute una política de federación con otras instituciones cuya finalidad es alcanzar una propuesta realista y sostenible.

MOOC: Introducción a la poesía latinoamericana contemporánea. Ejemplos y posibilidades didácticas de la Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes

Entre las múltiples posibilidades de desarrollo metodológico en los cursos universitarios, los MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) o Cursos Masivos Abiertos y en Línea se han convertido en un espacio central de la innovación educativa dentro del concepto del Open Access. La Universidad de Alicante a través de su plataforma UAedf (Educación del Futuro) se ha convertido en un referente con modelos de éxito internacional como Unimooc o referentes en el ámbito lingüístico como Xarxamooc. En el curso 2014-2015 se lanzarán nuevas propuestas. Entre ellas, el MOOC: Introducción a la poesía latinoamericana contemporánea. Ejemplos y posibilidades didácticas de la Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes http://poesialatinoamericana.uaedf.ua.es/preview. El MOOC está coordinado por la Unidad de Investigación de Literatura Hispanoamericana de la Universidad de Alicante con la colaboración de las áreas de literatura hispanoamericana y de didáctica de la lengua y la literatura y del Centro de Estudios Iberoamericanos Mario Benedetti con el objetivo de revindicar la importancia de los materiales de poesía hispanoamericana alojados en la Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/, el mayor repositorio de obras literarias en español que en 2014 cumplió 15 años.

Consideraciones iniciales del cambio de metodología presencial a MOOC. El caso de Sistemas Inteligentes

La evolución tecnológica afecta a todas las parcelas de actividad humana. Entre los aspectos más sensibles a esta evolución se encuentran la enseñanza y el aprendizaje tanto por su impacto en las competencias profesionales como por su uso para mejorar la calidad y relevancia de la docencia. Los profesores deben asumir un papel director ante esta situación que con el tiempo gana en protagonismo, siendo fundamental abordar la adaptación al cambio metodológico que supone la emergencia de la docencia on-line y la cada vez mayor presencia de los MOOC (acrónimo en inglés de massive open online course). En este trabajo se analiza la docencia on-line de materias de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), utilizando el paradigma de los MOOC como referencia. A tal fin, se revisan las características de los MOOC, sus aspectos metodológicos y sistemas de evaluación. Se particulariza el estudio de los MOOC en IA comparándolos con el enfoque de carácter presencial de la asignatura Sistemas Inteligentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los aspectos que deberían reenfocarse en esta materia bajo el paradigma MOOC. Deseamos destacar el soporte de la “Red de Investigación en Sistemas Inteligentes. Revisión de objetivos y contenidos de IA en el grado de Ingeniería Informática dentro del EESS” Código de Red ICE: 3300.

Research gaps in accessibility and MOOCs: A systematic literature review 2008-2016 (dataset)

This study presents the results of a systematic literature review on the combined field of Accessibility and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), covering the time period from 2008 to 2016.

Research gaps in accessibility and MOOCs: A systematic literature review 2008-2016 (dataset July 2016)

This study presents the results of a systematic literature review on the combined field of Accessibility and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), covering the time period from 2008 to 2016 July. This dataset updates the previous release from 2008 to 2016 May (http://hdl.handle.net/10045/54846).

ConfChem Conference on A Virtual Colloquium to Sustain and Celebrate IYC 2011 Initiatives in Global Chemical Education—The Global Experiment of the IYC2011: Creating Online Communities for Education and Science

The Global Experiment, Water: A Chemical Solution, was one of the flagship activities of the International Year of Chemistry (IYC). During the virtual colloquium of the spring 2012 online ConfChem conference, the main results of this year-long experiment were presented and discussed online for a week. Some of the main conclusions of the virtual conversations relate to the benefits of creating online communities of people sharing similar interests, the use of online educational platforms to gather massive amounts of data, and specific questions about the development of this IYC initiative. The activities of the global water experiment (GWE) were designed by a team of experts and the protocols are available online on the GWE Web site. The results were shown in one interactive world map that allowed students to learn about data visualization, validation, and interpretation. The feedback obtained from the participants of the GWE and later by the contributors of the virtual colloquium was very positive. Many participants asked specific and technical questions about the development of this experiment, while others excitedly endorsed the convenience of these large open-access activities to promote chemistry worldwide. The estimate is that over 2 million people took part in the GWE during the IYC. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the ConfChem online conference: A Virtual Colloquium to Sustain and Celebrate IYC 2011 Initiatives in Global Chemical Education, held from May 18 to June 29, 2012 and hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education and the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education.

Design of online practical lessons in colorimetry

Applied colorimetry is an important module in the program of the elective subject "Colour Science: industrial applications”. This course is taught in the Optics and Optometry Degree and it has been used as a testing for the application of new teaching and assessment techniques consistent with the new European Higher Education Area. In particular, the main objective was to reduce the attendance to lessons and encourage the individual and collective work of students. The reason for this approach is based on the idea that students are able to work at their own learning pace. Within this dynamic work, we propose online lab practice based on Excel templates that our research group has developed ad-hoc for different aspects of colorimetry, such as conversion to different colour spaces, calculation of perceptual descriptors (hue, saturation, lightness), calculation of colour differences, colour matching dyes, etc. The practice presented in this paper is focused on the learning of colour differences. The session is based on a specific Excel template to compute the colour differences and to plot different graphs with these colour differences defined at different colour spaces: CIE ΔE, CIE ΔE94 and the CIELAB colour space. This template is implemented on a website what works by addressing the student work at a proper and organized way. The aim was to unify all the student work from a website, therefore the student is able to learn in an autonomous and sequential way and in his own pace. To achieve this purpose, all the tools, links and documents are collected for each different proposed activity to achieve guided specific objectives. In the context of educational innovation, this type of website is normally called WebQuest. The design of a WebQuest is established according to the criteria of usability and simplicity. There are great advantages of using WebQuests versus the toolbox “Campus Virtual” available in the University of Alicante. The Campus Virtual is an unfriendly environment for this specific purpose as the activities are organized in different sectors depending on whether the activity is a discussion, an activity, a self-assessment or the download of materials. With this separation, it is more difficult that the student follows an organized sequence. However, our WebQuest provides a more intuitive graphical environment, and besides, all the tasks and resources needed to complete them are grouped and organized according to a linear sequence. In this way, the student guided learning is optimized. Furthermore, with this simplification, the student focuses on learning and not to waste resources. Finally, this tool has a wide set of potential applications: online courses of colorimetry applied for postgraduate students, Open Course Ware, etc.

Evaluation of online tools as didactic resource in the university education

Recently, many efforts have been made in the academic world to adapt the new degrees to the new European Higher Education Area (EHEA). New technologies have been the most important factor to carry out this adaptation. In particular, the tools 2.0 have been spreading quickly, not just the Web 2.0, but even in all the educational levels. Nevertheless, it is now necessary to evaluate whether all these efforts and all the changes, carried out in order to obtain improved academic performance among students, have provided good results. Therefore, the aim of this paper is focused on studying the impact of the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a subject belonging to a Master from the University of Alicante in the academic year (2010-2011). In special, it is an elective course called "Advanced Visual Ergonomics" from the Master of Clinical Optometry and Vision. The methodology used to teach this course differs from the traditional one in many respects. For example, one of the resources used for the development of this course is a blog developed specifically to coordinate a series of virtual works, whose purpose is that the student goes into specific aspects of the current topic. Next, the student participates in an active role by writing a personal assessment on the blog. However, in the course planning, there is an attendance to lessons, where the teacher presents certain issues in a more traditional way, that is, with a lecture supported with audiovisual materials, such as materials generated in powerpoint. To evaluate the quality of the results achieved with this methodology, in this work the personal assessment of the students, who have completed this course during this academic year, are collected. In particular, we want to know their opinion about the used resources, as well as the followed methodology. The tool used to collect this information was a questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluates different aspects of the course: a general opinion, quality of the received information, satisfaction about the followed methodology and the student´s critical awareness. The design of this questionnaire is very important to get conclusive information about the methodology followed in the course. The questionnaire has to have an adequate number of questions; whether it has many questions, it might be boring for the student who would pay no enough attention. The questions should be well-written, with a clear structure and message, to avoid confusion and an ambiguity. The questions should be objectives, without any suggestion for a desired answer. In addition, the questionnaire should be interesting to encourage the student´ s interest. In conclusion, this questionnaire developed for this subject provided good information to evaluate whether the methodology was a useful tool to teach "Advanced Visual Ergonomics". Furthermore, the student´s opinion collected by this questionnaire might be very helpful to improve this didactic resource.

Open educational resources: the role of OCW, blogs and videos in computer network classrooms

This paper analyzes the learning experiences and opinions obtained from a group of undergraduate students in their interaction with several on-line multimedia resources included in a free on-line course about Computer Networks. These new educational resources employed are based on the Web 2.0 approach such as blogs, videos and virtual labs which have been added in a web-site for distance self-learning.

Green education using open educational resources (OER): setting up a green OER repository

A wealth of open educational resources (OER) focused on green topics is currently available through a variety of sources, including learning portals, digital repositories and web sites. However, in most cases these resources are not easily accessible and retrievable, while additional issues further complicate this issue. This paper presents an overview of a number of portals hosting OER, as well as a number of “green” thematic portals that provide access to green OER. It also discusses the case of a new collection that aims to support and populate existing green collections and learning portals respectively, providing information on aspects such as quality assurance/collection and curation policies, workflow and tools for both the content and metadata records that apply to the collection. Two case studies of the integration of this new collection to existing learning portals are also presented.