9 resultados para Restrição calórica
em SAPIENTIA - Universidade do Algarve - Portugal
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Dissertação de mest.Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Univ. do Algarve, 2011
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Dissertação de mest., Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Univ. do Algarve, 2010
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Tese de dout., Ciências Agrárias (Protecção de Plantas), Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias, Univ. do Algarve, 1994
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Disssertação de mest., Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011
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It is widely recognized that protein restriction in utero may cause metabolic and endocrine adaptations, which may be of benefit to the neonate on a short-term basis but may cause adverse long-term conditions such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Adequate foetal and early post natal nutrient and energy supply is therefore essential for adult animal health, performance and life span. In this project it was investigated the progressive adaptations of the hepatic proteome in male mink offspring exposed to either a low protein (FL) or an adequate protein (FA) diet in utero fed either on a low protein (LP) or on an adequate (AP) diet from weaning until sexual maturity. Specifically, the aim was to determine the metabolic adaptations at selected phases of the animal’s first annual cycle and establish the metabolic priorities occurring during those phases. The three different morphological stages studied during the first year of development included, end of bone growth at 4 months of age, maximal fat accretion at 6 months of age and sexual maturity at 12 months of age. A reference proteome of mink liver coming from these different animal groups were generated using 2D electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF analysis and the way in which dietary treatment affect their proteome was established. Approximately 330 proteins were detected in the mink liver proteome. A total of 27 comparisons were carried out between all different animal groups which resulted in 20 differentially expressed proteins. An extensive survey was conducted towards the characterization of these proteins including their subcellular localization, the biological processes in which they are involved and their molecular functions. This characterization allowed the identification of proteins in various processes including the glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. The detailed analysis of the different dietary treatment animal groups was indicative of differences in metabolism and also to changes associated with development in mink.
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As atuais exigências do elevado nível de rendimento, num jogo de futebol, tornam imperativo o recurso a novas tecnologias de observação e análise. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma aplicação, com o objetivo de recolher todas as informações necessárias do vídeo, para efetuar a análise do modelo de jogo de ambas as equipas, em que a análise não faz parte deste trabalho. Disponibilizando ao treinador toda a informação específica sobre o desempenho da equipa e do modelo de jogo usado. A aplicação foi desenvolvida levando em consideração as rotações e inclinações que poderiam afetar as câmaras aquando da aquisição das imagens (vídeos), e também que na maioria das situações apenas parte do campo estaria visível, assim como poderiam existir ampliações. A aplicação é constituída por cinco grandes passos: (a) Deteção da zona do recinto de jogo, baseada na segmentação pela cor, usando para tal uma restrição ao espaço de cor HSV, remoção de regiões insignificantes exteriores ao recinto de jogo e a correção da zona limite deste pelos seus contornos. A segmentação dos jogadores (b), tendo por base o sub-efeito do passo anterior, a existência de buracos no campo na posição dos jogadores, e seu refinamento pela aplicação de filtros morfológicos. A atribuição do jogador a um número e equipa (c), baseada no espaço delimitado pelo jogador, média da cor em HSV deste e restrições da equipa. O rastreamento do jogador (d), baseado em simples fatores de posicionamento e por fim (e) análise do jogo, baseada no rastreamento do jogador, da relação posicional deste com os restantes jogadores, e sectores da equipa, bem como a sua projeção para um campo “modelo”. Toda a informação do posicionamento dos jogadores no campo “modelo,” está formatada para ser enviado para o Sistema de Informação do projeto Footdata. Complementarmente foi também implementada uma biblioteca de manipulação de vídeo com o intuito de, no futuro, ser integrada com o seguimento dos jogadores e modelos de jogo, de forma a permitir à equipa técnica criar apresentações interativas.
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Cardiogenesis is a delicate and complex process that requires the coordination of an intricate network of pathways and the different cell types. Therefore, understanding heart development at the morphogenetic level is an essential requirement to uncover the causes of congenital heart disease and to provide insight for disease therapies. Mouse Cerberus like 2 (Cerl2) has been defined as a Nodal antagonist in the node with an important role in the Left-Right (L/R) axis establishment, at the early embryonic development. As expected, Cerl2 knockout mice (Cerl2-/-) showed multiple laterality defects with associated cardiac failure. In order to identify the endogenous role of Cerl2 during heart formation independent of its described functions in the node, we accurately analyzed animals where laterality defects were not present. We thereby unravel the consequences of Cerl2 lossof- function in the heart, namely increased left ventricular thickness due to hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes and de-regulated expression of cardiac genes. Furthermore, the Cerl2 mutant neonates present impaired cardiac function. Once that the cardiac expression of Cerl2 is mostly observed in the left ventricle until around midgestration, this result suggest a specific regulatory role of Cerl2 during the formation of the left ventricular myoarchitecture. Here, we present two possible molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac Cerl2 function, the regulation of Cerl2 antagonist in activation of the TGFßs/Nodal/Activin/Smad2 signaling identified by increased Smad2 phosphorilation in Cerl2-/- hearts and the negative feedback between Cerl2 and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in heart formation. In this work and since embryonic stem cells derived from 129 mice strain is extensively used to produce targeted mutants, we also present echocardiographic reference values to progressive use of juveniles and young adult 129/Sv strain in cardiac studies. In addition, we investigate the cardiac physiology of the surviving Cerl2 mutants in 129/Sv background over time through a follow-up study using echocardiographic analysis. Our results revealed that Cerl2-/- mice are able to improve and maintain the diastolic and most of systolic cardiac physiologic parameters as analyzed until young adult age. Since Cerl2 is no longer expressed in the postnatal heart, we suggest that an intrinsic and compensatory mechanism of adaptation may be active for recovering the decreased cardiac function found in Cerl2 mutant neonates. Altogether, these data highlight the role of Cerl2 during embryonic heart development in mice. Furthermore, we also suggest that Cerl2-/- may be an interesting model to uncover the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms behind the improvement of the cardiac function, contributing to the development of therapeutic approaches to treat heart failures.
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Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016