30 resultados para Metalurgia de transformação


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Dissertação de mest., Promoção e Mediação da Leitura, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2012

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A figura mais notável da História da Indústria Conserveira no Algarve, foi sem sombra para dúvidas João António Júdice Fialho, um homem inteligente e empreendedor, que nas primeiras décadas do século XX conseguiu conquistar os principais mercados europeus com as suas conservas de atum e de sardinha, mas também com as suas massas alimentícias, compotas e marmeladas. Foi dos poucos industriais das pescas que há mais de um século atrás soube visionar o conceito de globalização à escala atlântica, investindo na aquisição de modernos meios de transformação industrial do pescado, cujos avultados lucros lhe permitiram diversificar a produção e reinvestir noutros segmentos de mercado.

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Este artigo reflete sobre os processos educativos populares, desenvolvidos em contexto de crise do estado e suportados por uma dinâmica de transformação social revolucionária. O contexto de análise empírica é focalizado numa empresa da indústria conserveira sedeada em Portimão. O contexto histórico reporta-se ao período revolucionário vivido em Portugal entre o 25 de abril de 1974 e as eleições para a Assembleia da República em abril de 1976. Constituindo um estudo de caso, válido ‘per si’, os procedimentos metodológicos assentaram no uso das técnicas da pesquisa documental e da entrevista profunda, privilegiando os atores que o vivenciaram e que, de forma interpretativa, testemunham a sua leitura atual dos processos e das aprendizagens alcançadas. Estes processos de educação, desenvolvidos pelos operários e trabalhadores neste período, denunciam a construção de uma aprendizagem coletiva, assente no reforço dos seus saberes da vida e do trabalho, almejando uma intervenção mais participativa nos mecanismos da governação e da gestão política. Para isso socorreram-se da organização de instrumentos de poder coletivo, inerentes à história do movimento operário, como as comissões de trabalhadores, com critérios de democraticidade de base, transparência e comunhão coletiva. Quase sempre, esta estrutura se confrontou direta e frontalmente com a administração patronal e, mais tarde, com os peritos de gestão governamental, durante a intervenção estatal na empresa. Este processo foi também vivido contra a visão controladora e corporativa do sindicato local conserveiro, controlado por burocracias sindicais, ou mesmo fugindo às tentativas de manipulação das organizações partidárias.

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O uso de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) no setor de distribuição de energia elétrica tem dado origem à publicação de vários artigos científicos. No geral, estes artigos focam-se na comparação da eficiência das empresas de distribuição de eletricidade. Na generalidade dos artigos, o tratamento da informação tem sido predominantemente descritivo e classificatório, sem focar no processo de transformação. Em contraste, o trabalho que se apresenta aqui pretende mostrar as potencialidades do DEA na análise de variáveis do processo de transformação e procura explorar o seu potencial para a identificação dos programas e intervenções que contribuem para a melhoria efetiva no processo de distribuição de eletricidade. É nossa convicção que as avaliações de natureza formativa, com fins de aprendizagem, são mais eficazes do que os estudos sumativos porque contribuem para uma melhor compreensão das estruturas e processos, sendo portanto mais adequadas para contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma questão importante no contexto da análise DEA: a de investigar, se as diferenças de eficiência são devidas a um programa específico de gestão ou às características de conceção. Para o efeito, o estudo recorre a dois métodos diferentes para realizar este tipo de análise. Em primeiro lugar, aplicamos a estatística de rank de Mann-Whitney aos scores do DEA, a fim de avaliar a significância estatística das diferenças observadas entre um programa de tratamento e o programa de controlo. Em segundo lugar, procedemos a uma análise dinâmica com o Índice de Produtividade de Malmquist, a fim de estudar o impacto da introdução de uma nova tecnologia num grupo de unidades. O estudo de caso desenvolvido centra-se na avaliação do desempenho de linhas de média tensão afetas a uma das regiões de serviço de uma empresa de distribuição de energia elétrica, regulada pelo Sistema Público de Distribuição de Energia em Portugal (ERSE). Os resultados do estudo de caso mostram que a aplicação do DEA tem um grande potencial para contribuir para a melhoria dos processos e deve ser explorado noutros contextos.

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El presente artículo estudia la cartografía de Cacela en el sur de Portugal con el propósito de interpretar su transformación a través del tiempo, considerando la arquitectura, el urbanismo y el paisaje de forma integrada. La lectura de esa transformación se lleva de la mano de las principales cartas de Cacela que coinciden con el inicio del siglo XVII, la aproximación al final del Antiguo Régimen y la transición del siglo XIX al XX, asociando cada uno de estos tiempos a un modo particular de representación. La interpretación de las diferentes cartas está organizada, en términos me- todológicos, a partir del recurso a fuentes escritas de la época, culminando con la elaboración de un dibujo final que contiene la representación del espacio edificado y del paisaje de Cacela a mediados del siglo pasado. Este trabajo se inscribe en una investigación más amplia sobre las aglomeraciones urbanas de pequeña dimensión en las diver- sas subunidades geográficas del sur de Portugal, comprendiendo el paisaje, la morfología urbana y el levantamiento integral de todo el núcleo edificado.

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Cancer is a multistage process characterized by three stages: initiation, promotion and progression; and is one of the major killers worldwide. Oxidative stress acts as initiator in tumorigenesis; chronic inflammation promotes cancer; and apoptosis inactivation is an issue in cancer progression. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of hexane, ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of five species of halophytes: A. macrostachyum, P. coronopus, J. acutus, C. edulis and A. halimus. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods, and the total phenolics content (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by the Griess method, and by evaluating the inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW- 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts against HepG2 and THP1 cell lines was estimated by the MTT assay, and the results obtained were further compared with the S17 non-tumor cell line. The induction of apoptosis of J. acutus ether extract was assessed by DAPI staining. The highest antioxidant activities was observed in C. edulis methanol and the J. acutus ether extracts against the DPPH• radical; and J. acutus ether and A. halimus ether extracts against the ABTS•+ radical. The methanol extracts of C. edulis and P. coronopus, and the ether extract of J. acutus revealed a high TPC. Generally the antioxidant activity had no correlation with the TPC. The A. halimus chloroform and P. coronopus hexane extracts demonstrated ability to reduce NO production in macrophages (> 50%), revealing their anti-inflammatory capacity. The ether extract of J. acutus showed high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with reduced cellular viability even at the lowest concentrations. This outcome was significantly lower than the obtained with the non-tumor cells (S17). This result was complemented by the induction of apoptosis.

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Every can of tuna purchased by the consumer has taken a long journey before reaching the supermarket shelves. For each can bought there is a lengthy process from sea to shelf. A large proportion of the tuna cans purchased in the European Union come all the way from West Africa; a developing region with a high dependency on fisheries. Amidst an ever-increasing demand for tuna products the global tuna fisheries are set to continue expanding, apparently one of the last natural resource based industries fit to do so in West Africa. Tuna is the biggest fisheries export and dominates the fisheries sector in Ghana, a country situated in West Africa. This thesis aims to understand how this globally important industrial fisheries functions in terms of procedures, practices, Governance and finance. Socioeconomic influences, in the setting of a developing country, were also examined. For these purposes a Value Chain Analysis was employed. A Value Chain Analysis is a tool commonly used to understand how different companies and organizations participate in a domestic policy environment, which directs conclusion in the global economy. This analysis has the potential to allow researchers to fully understand a commodity chain and hence identify realistic opportunities for consequential improvements. Interviews and questionnaires were employed in-field Ghana along with secondary data collection techniques. It was found that the fisheries functions at the production level under influences from large multinational companies and tends to operate with a certain degree of lawlessness. Governance over the value chain is well defined, however implementation is poor or non-existent. The processors, whom are also dominated by multinationals, exert some control over the producers and their sales, however the high value links which are highlighted occur at the retail stage. Socioeconomic dynamics acting in the chain included the lack of communication between the public and private sector, power imbalances amongst players at production, the role of local businesswomen as actors in the chain and the general characteristics of the workers in the industry. Value addition and upgrading are needed the most in Governance over the chain, especially within Monitoring, Control and Surveillance. The results of the study provide a wealth of material about the components of a cost-heavy fishing industry in a developing country; an industry on which many eyes have recently turned due to illegal fishing activities. It highlights clearly where funding and future focus are needed. This value chain can be used as a guide for those that need to comprehend the financial complexities and real life dynamics of the Ghanaian tuna fishing industry today.

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This work describes the synthesis of nanosized metal sulfides and respective SiO2 and/or TiO2 composites in high yield via a straightforward process, under ambient conditions (temperature and pressure), by adding to aqueous metals a nutrient solution containing biologically generated sulfide from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The nanoparticles‘ (NPs) morphological properties were shown not to be markedly altered by the SRB growth media composition neither by the presence of bacterial cells. We further extended the work carried out, using the effluent of a bioremediation system previously established. The process results in the synthesis of added value products obtained from metal rich effluents, such as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), when associated with the bioremediation process. Precipitation of metals using sulfide allows for the possibility of selective recovery, as different metal sulfides possess different solubilities. We have evaluated the selective precipitation of CuS, ZnS and FeS as nanosized metal sulfides. Again, we have also tested the precipitation of these metal sulfides in the presence of support structures, such as SiO2. Studies were carried out using both artificial and real solutions in a continuous bioremediation system. We found that this method allowed for a highly selective precipitation of copper and a lower selectivity in the precipitation of zinc and iron, though all metals were efficiently removed (>93% removal). This research has also demonstrated the potential of ZnS-TiO2 nanocomposites as catalysts in the photodegradation of organic pollutants using the cationic dye, Safranin-T, as a model contaminant. The influence of the catalyst amount, initial pH and dye concentration were also evaluated. Finally, the efficiency of the precipitates as catalysts in sunlight mediated photodegradation was investigated, using different volumes of dye-contaminated water (150 mL and 10 L). This work demonstrates that all tested composites have the potential to be used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Safranin-T.

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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily with a central role in bone formation and mineralization. BMP2, a founding member of this family, has demonstrated remarkable osteogenic properties and is clinically used to promote bone repair and fracture healing. Lack of basic data on factors regulating BMP2 expression and activity have hampered a better understanding of its role in bone formation and bone-related diseases. The objective of this work was to collect new functional data and determine spatiotemporal expression patterns in a fish system aiming towards a better understanding of BMP2 function and regulation. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gilthead seabream BMP2 gene was inferred from luciferase reporter systems. Several bone- and cartilage-related transcription factors (e.g. RUNX3, MEF2c, SOX9 and ETS1) were found to regulate BMP2 transcription, while microRNA 20a was shown to affect stability of the BMP2 transcript and thus the mineralogenic capacity of fish bone-derived host cells. The regulation of BMP2 activity through an interaction with the matrix Gla protein (MGP) was investigated in vitro using BMP responsive elements (BRE) coupled to luciferase reporter gene. Although we demonstrated the functionality of the experimental system in a fish cell line and the activation of BMP signaling pathway by seabream BMP2, no conclusive evidence could be collected on a possible interaction beween MGP and BMP2. The evolutionary relationship among the members of BMP2/4/16 subfamily was inferred from taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. BMP16 diverged prior to BMP2 and BMP4 and should be the result of an ancient genome duplication that occurred early in vertebrate evolution. Structural and functional data suggested that all three proteins are effectors of the BMP signaling pathway, but expression data revealed different spatiotemporal patterns in teleost fish suggesting distinct mechanisms of regulation. In this work, through the collection of novel data, we provide additional insight into the regulation, the structure and the phylogenetic relationship of BMP2 and its closely related family members.

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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biotecnológicas (Biotecnologia Alimentar), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

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Dissertação de mestrado, Educação Social, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação de mestrado, Oncobiologia,(Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro), Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação de mestrado, Energias Renováveis e Gestão de Energia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências da Educação e da Formação (Educação e Formação de Adultos), Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015