Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian Merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection.

Wine aroma is an important characteristic and may be related to certain specific parameters, such as raw material and production process. The complexity of Merlot wine aroma was considered suitable for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCGC), as this technique offers superior performance when compared to one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC). The profile of volatile compounds of Merlot wine was, for the first time, qualitatively analyzed by HS-SPME-GCxGC with a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector (TOFMS), resulting in 179 compounds tentatively identified by comparison of experimental GCxGC retention indices and mass spectra with literature 1D-GC data and 155 compounds tentatively identified only by mass spectra comparison. A set of GCGC experimental retention indices was also, for the first time, presented for a specific inverse set of columns. Esters were present in higher number (94), followed by alcohols (80), ketones (29), acids (29), aldehydes (23), terpenes (23), lactones (16), furans (14), sulfur compounds (9), phenols (7), pyrroles (5), C13-norisoprenoids (3), and pyrans (2). GCxGC/TOFMS parameters were improved and optimal conditions were: a polar (polyethylene glycol)/medium polar (50% phenyl 50% dimethyl arylene siloxane) column set, oven temperature offset of 10ºC, 7 s as modulation period and 1.4 s of hot pulse duration. Co-elutions came up to 138 compounds in 1D and some of them were resolved in 2D. Among the coeluted compounds, thirty-three volatiles co-eluted in both 1D and 2D and their tentative identification was possible only due to spectral deconvolution. Some compounds that might have important contribution to aroma notes were included in these superimposed peaks. Structurally organized distribution of compounds in the 2D space was observed for esters, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, thiols, lactones, acids and also inside subgroups, as occurred with esters and alcohols. The Fischer Ratio was useful for establishing the analytes responsible for the main differences between Merlot and non-Merlot wines. Differentiation among Merlot wines and wines of other grape varieties were mainly perceived through the following components: ethyl dodecanoate, 1-hexanol, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl decanoate, dehydro-2-methyl-3(2H)thiophenone, 3-methyl butanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, methyl octanoate, 1,4 butanediol, and 6-methyloctan-1-ol.

Aroma profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tropical wines produced in Northeastern of Brazil.

2011

Maturação da uva e condução da vinificação para a elaboração de vinhos finos.

2002

Composição físico-química de vinhos tropicais elaborados no Nordeste do Brasil.

2011

Evaluation of the aroma stability of tropical white wines from Brazil.

2011

Desenvolvimento dos ácidos orgânicos em diferentes fases fenológicas de uvas viníferas destinadas à elaboração de vinhos tintos tropicais no Brasil.

A Região do Vale do São Francisco possui condições privilegiadas para o cultivo das videiras, tais como baixa precipitação pluviométrica e disponibilidade de água para irrigação que possibilitam um estresse hídrico e ciclo vegetativo da videira controlados pelo viticultor, permitindo a produção escalonada durante a maior parte do ano (LIMA, 2010) As uvas viníferas contêm na casca, polpa e sementes, uma grande quantidade de diferentes compostos considerados essenciais à qualidade e tipicidade dos vinhos. Se destacam: os açúcares, transformados em álcool durante a sua elaboração; os compostos nitrogenados utilizados pelas leveduras como fonte de energia para a transformação dos açúcares em álcool; os precursores de aromas revelados pelas enzimas das leveduras na vinificação; os ácidos orgânicos com importante papel na conservação e equilíbrio e os compostos fenólicos responsáveis pela coloração e estrutura de vinhos tintos (SILVA NETO et al., 2009). De acordo com Mandelli et al. (2003) a qualidade do vinho encontra-se diretamente relacionada à composição química e ao ponto ideal de colheita da uva, evento que envolve maturações fisiológica, tecnológica e fenólica. Embora as condições edafoclimáticas, os tratos culturais e manejo dos vinhedos tenham fundamental importância sobre os estádios de desenvolvimento das bagas, as pesquisas sobre o tema, nas condições climáticas desta Região são ainda incipientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução dos ácidos orgânicos de variedades de uvas viníferas tintas destinadas a produção de vinhos finos no Vale do São Francisco (VSF).