EFFECTS OF IRON ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Microcystis wesenbergii (Kom.) Kom. (Cyanobacterium)

Iron is an essential trace element for biological requirements of phytoplankton. Effects of iron on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Microcystis wesenbergii were conducted in this study. Results showed that 0.01 mu M [Fe3+] seriously inhibited growth and chlorophyll synthesis of M. wesenbergii, and induced temporary increase of ATPase activities, however, NR. ACP and ALP activities were restrained by iron limitation. Interestingly, iron addition on day 8 resulted in the gradual restoration of structures and functions of above enzymes and resisted a variety of stresses from iron limitation. M. wesenbergii in 10 mu M [Fe3+] treatment group grew normally. enzymes maintained normal levels, and residual phosphate contents in cultures first sharply decreased, then smoothly as M. wesenbergii has a characteristic of luxury consumption of phosphorus. Above parameters in 100 mu M [Fe3+] treatment group were almost same with those in 10 mu M [Fe3+] treatment group except for NR, ACP and ALP activities. In 100 mu M [Fe3+] treatment group, activities of ACP and ALP had temporary increase because phosphate and ferric iron could form insoluble compound - ferric phosphate (Fe3PO4) through adsorption effect. resulting in lack of bioavailable phosphate in culture media. The experiment suggested that too low or too high iron can affect obviously physiological and biochemical characteristics of M. wesenbergii.

Effects of micronutrients on biological treatment efficiency of textile wastewater

Micronutrients play a very important role in biological processes for wastewater treatment. Many industrial wastewaters lack in nutrients (macronutrients and micronutrients) required for microbial growth, and this is one of the main problems at many activated sludge plants treating industrial wastewater. The microbial community structure is one of the important factors controlling the pollutant-degrading capacity of biological wastewater treatment system. In this study, the concentrations of micronutrients of the textile wastewater discharged from a textile plant were determined, and the effects of micronutrients on treatment efficiency and microorganism community structure of the biological treatment system were studied. The results showed that the optimal concentrations of magnesium, molybdenum, zinc, thiamine and niacin in the textile wastewater were 5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0 and 1.0mg/L, respectively. The COD removal rates when magnesium, molybdenum, zinc, thiamine and niacin were added individually to the wastewater in their optimal concentrations were 1.8, 1.4, 1.3, 1.6 and 2.2 times of that of the control, respectively. The improving effects of combinations of zinc and thiamine, zinc and niacin, thiamine and niacin were better than single micronutrient. The diversity of quinones (DQ) changed significantly after the micronutrient was added into the wastewater treatment system. This indicated that there was probably a feasibility of optimizing the biological treatment performances and microorganism community structure of textile wastewater treatment system through micronutrient supplement.

Investigation on intake, accumulation and toxicity of microcystins to silver carp

Daily intake and accumulation of microcystins (MCYSTs, MCs) in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were investigated under lab conditions by feeding the fish exclusively with fresh toxic Microcystis bloom at a density of 6 x 10(9) algal cells L-1. The medial lethal dose (LD50) of microcystin-LR to silver carp was estimated to be 270 mu g kg(-1) body-weight, underlining its strong resistance to toxic Microcystis bloom. It can survive after being ingested with high doses of microcystins (about 10 mg kg(-1)) during the 28-days feeding experiment. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay results show that microcystin concentrations in muscle and liver are 1.57 +/- 0.31 mu g kg(-1) and 4.28 +/- 1.64 mg kg(-1) fresh weight. The former is much lower than the World Health Organization limit recommended for human consumption. These results suggest that silver carps can be widely used in cyanobacterial bloom control, and consumption of fish muscles is safe for human beings.

High-speed and high-power 1.3 mu m InGaAsP/InP selective proton-bombarded buried crescent lasers with optical field attenuation regions

High-speed and high-power InGaAsP/lnP selective proton-bombarded buried crescent (SPB-BC) lasers with optical field attenuation regions were reported. The defect of proton bombardment can not affect the lifetime of the SPB-BC laser because the optical field attenuation region obstructs the growth and propagation of defects. A CW light output over 115 mW was achieved at room temperature using a 500 mu m long cavity SPB-BC laser. The 3 dB bandwidth was 8.5 GHz, and the lifetime was about 8.5 x 10(5) h. The capacitance of four kinds of current blocking structures was first measured in our experiment, and the results shown that the capacitance of proton-bombarded pnpn structure was not only less than that of pnpn current blocking structure, but also less than that of semi-insulating Fe-InP structure.

基于过程控制的软件质量管理

质量形成于过程.以预防为主的过程管理思想在软件产业引入了软件的工程过程、管理过程和支持过程三类基本过程,以过程为中心的软件开发、生产与质量管理是现代软件产业的时代特征.本文阐述了软件质量管理的基本原理,提出了一个基于CMM过程管理控制的软件质量管理模型及平台,帮助软件组织达到较高的成熟度水平.

手性吡啶醇基联萘酚衍生物的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用

C2-对称性的1,1’-联萘-2-酚(BINOL)及其衍生物在不对称催化等领域受到了广泛的关注。联萘酚自身能够与具有路易斯酸性的亲氧过渡金属配位完成不对称催化，但往往不能在不对称催化反应中给出满意的结果；可以通过对其骨架中多个可修饰位点的改造和修饰，从而影响金属中心周围的环境，达到不对称诱导的目的。因此对联萘酚的结构改造成为人们始终关注的焦点和努力的方向。 本论文以天然的手性酮(-)-葑酮、(+)-樟脑、(-)-薄荷酮为原料合成两个系列的手性吡啶醇类化合物2a-c，12a-b，并通过与3-或3,3’-单或双(硼酸嚬呐醇酯)- 2,2’-双(甲氧甲基)-1,1’-联-2-萘酚的Suzuki偶联反应在联萘酚的3,3’-位引入手性吡啶醇取代基，合成了两个系列手性联萘酚衍生物，十对非对映异构体8a-c，9a-c，19a-b，20a-b，所有反应中间体及最终产物均已用1H NMR，13C NMR，IR和ESI-MS表征和验证结构。 探讨了两个系列手性配体在芳香醛不对称ZnEt2加成反应、苯甲硫醚不对称氧化反应中的应用。其中，第一系列六对非对映异构体8a-c，9a-c在芳香醛的不对称ZnEt2加成反应中表现出中等的反应活性及较好的对映选择性，最高可达96% e.e.对映选择性；在苯甲硫醚的不对称环氧化中，这些配体表现出较好的反应活性和中等的对映选择性，最好可达51％e.e.对映选择性。第二系列四对非对映异构体19a-b，20a-b在芳香醛的不对称ZnEt2加成反应中也表现出中等的反应活性及较好的对映选择性(91% e.e.值)，但较第一系列配体要低一些；在苯甲硫醚的不对称环氧化中，这些配体同样表现出较好的反应活性和中等的对映选择性，但较第一系列配体显示出较高的手性诱导能力，e.e.值最高可达71％。 同时，将部分配体与金属钼(Ⅵ)配位合成手性金属配合物，对部分配合物进行单晶结构的表征，确定配合物中具有分子内氧桥键的结构。并初步探讨了金属配合物在非官能团化烯烃的不对称环氧化反应中的应用。

Assessment of the structural properties of GaAs/Si epilayers using X-ray (004) and (220) reflections

We improved the method previously used to determine the lattice constants and misorientation of GaAs/Si by recording the patterns of X-ray (004) and (220) reflections. The (220) reflection was measured from the (110) cross section of a GaAs/Si epilayer. The structural properties of the GaAs/Si epilayers grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) using an ultrathin a-Si buffer layer were investigated. The rotation angle of GaAs/Si epilayers grown by MOCVD using an a-Si buffer layer is very small and the lattice constants of these GaAs/Si epilayers agree quite well with elastic theory.

1．55μm低温生长GaAs谐振腔增强型探测器

利用低温（200℃）生长的GaAs材料作为吸收层制备了GaAs基1．55μm谐振腔增强型（RCE）光电探测器，对其光电特性进行了分析、研究．无光照0偏压下探测器暗电流为8．0×10^12A；光电流谱峰值波长1563nm；响应谱线半宽4nm，具有良好的波长选择性．

GaN基肖特基结构紫外探测器

在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上采用低压金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法生长GaN外延层结构,以此为材料制作了GaN基肖特基结构紫外探测器.测量了该紫外探测器的暗电流曲线、C-V特性曲线、光响应曲线和响应时间曲线.该紫外探测器在5V偏压时暗电流为0.42nA,在10V偏压时暗电流为38.5nA.在零偏压下,该紫外探测器在250nm～365nm的波长范围内有较高的响应度,峰值响应度在363nm波长处达到0.12A/W,在365nm波长左右有陡峭的截止边;当波长超过紫外探测器的截止波长(365nm左右),探测器的响应度减小了三个数量级以上.该紫外探测器的响应时间小于2μs.

地衣芽孢杆菌GXN151纤维素酶基因的克隆与表达

从广西大学农场陈旧稻草堆、甘蔗渣堆、龙胜温泉等地采集不同的土样和水样，从中共分离到10株能降解结晶纤维素的细菌、放线菌和真菌，对它们的165RNA或185 rRNA基因序列进行了分析，其中从稻草堆中分离到的好氧细菌GXN 151具有耐中温、生长迅速、能降解天然纤维素的特点。运用生理生化和电镜观察进一步将其鉴定为地衣芽抱杆菌。用pUC18和pBluescript KS＋作载体，分别以CoR工和品u3AI部分酶切的GXN 151的总DNA作目的片段，在大肠杆菌中构建了地衣芽抱杆菌GXN151的2个基因文库。运用含狡甲基纤维素的平板筛选法，从GXN151的基因文库中共筛选到14个表达梭甲基纤维素酶（CMCase）活性的克隆，采用酶切分析、亚克隆、Southern杂交、DNA测序分析将这些克隆划分为3类不重叠克隆群。pGxNLI、pGXNLZ、pGxNL7、pGxNP12和pGxNPI～pGXNP6共10个克隆归为一类重叠克隆，测序分析了PGXNLZ的序列，其长度为3672bP，其上含有一个完整的长1626 bp的ORF（GenBonk索引号为AY291583），可编码一个含542个氨基酸的内切葡聚糖酶Ce15A，其预计分子量为59，625D娜Ce15A含有家族5糖基水解酶催化功能域和家族3碳水化合物结合组件（CBM3）。PCR 扩增了ceJSA的编码框并将其克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-30a（＋）上，酶谱分析表明该基因在大肠杆菌JM109（DE3）和BL21（DE3） pLysS中均表达出具梭甲基纤维素酶活性的蛋白质产物。克隆pGxNLg测序共得5818bp，pGxNLg序列中含有一个完整的内切葡聚糖酶基因cel12A（GenBaok索引号为AY291066）和一个外切-Q-葡萄糖营酶基因amyA，cel12A长783 bp，可编码含261个氨基酸的蛋白质，预计分子量为29，035 Da，含有一个家族12糖基水解酶催化功能域。amyA为1680bP，推断其编码含560个氨基酸的蛋白质，预计分子量为65，121 Da。PCR扩增了cel12A基因的含催化功能域编码区的DNA序列并连接到表达载体pET30a（＋）上得表达质粒pGxN12A，pGXN 12A在大肠杆菌JM1O9（DE3）和BL21（DE3）pLysS中均J高效表达，并对表达条件进行了研究。克隆pGXNLS、pGXNPS和pGXNpn为一类重叠克隆，测序表明pGxNPll克隆的序列共为3406bP，它包括了一个完整的内切葡聚糖酶基因ce19A和一个不完整的纤维二糖水解酶基因ce148A，ce19A基因由1899bP组成，可编码一个含633个氨基酸的蛋白质，预计分子量为71，240Da。ce19A基因的产物Ce19A含有一个家族9糖基水解酶催化功能域和一个家族3碳水化合物结合组件（CBM3）。Ce148A属于糖基水解酶第4S家族，DNA杂交表明cel48A基因的未被克隆的下游序列位于一个约10kb的SaLI片段或4kb的EcoRI片段上。

黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿草地土壤干燥化特征与粮草轮作土壤水分恢复效应

实地测定了黄土高原半干旱区固原不同生长年限苜蓿草地和连作8a苜蓿草地翻耕轮作不同年限粮食作物后深层土壤水分特征,分析了苜蓿草地土壤干燥化特征和粮草轮作对土壤水分的恢复效应。结果表明:(1)苜蓿连作1a、5a、8a和12a等4类苜蓿草地0~1000cm土层平均土壤湿度值为6.6%,平均土壤水分过耗量702.8mm,平均土壤干燥化速率147.1 mm/a,达到强烈干燥化程度,苜蓿连作5a土壤干层深度超过1000cm,苜蓿连作8a土壤干层深度超过1360cm,苜蓿草地合理利用年限为7a。(2)连作8a苜蓿草地翻耕并轮作4~7a和25a粮食作物等5类粮田0~1000cm土层土壤湿度介于6.74%~11.95%,土壤贮水量恢复值介于210.6~887.3mm,平均土壤水分恢复速率为80.8mm/a。轮作6a后粮田土壤干层轻度恢复程度以上深度达到1000cm。通过粮草轮作使苜蓿草地土壤湿度恢复到当地土壤稳定湿度需要13a以上。黄土高原半干旱区适宜的粮草轮作模式为:7a苜蓿→13a粮食作物。

Synthesis and structural characterization of organolanthanide complexes with 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,2-dichalcogenolate ligands

Reactions of anhydrous LnCl(3) (Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) with 2 equiv of LiCp' in THF afford the lanthanocene complexes Of CP'(2)Ln(mu-Cl)(2)Li(THF)(2) (CP' = eta(5)-t-BuC5H4, Ln = Nd (1), Gd (2), Dy (3), Er (4), Yb (5); Cp'= 1,3-eta(5)-t-Bu2C5H3, Ln = Nd (6), Gd (7), Dy (8), Er (9), Yb (10)). The molecular structures of 7 and 8 were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In these complexes, two Cp' ring centroids and two it-bridging chloride atoms around the lanthanide atoms form a distorted tetrahedron. The insertion of elemental chalcogen E (E = S, Se) into Li-C bonds of dilithium o-carborane in THF solution afforded dimers of dilithium. dichalcogenolate carboranes, [(THF)(3)LiE2C2B10H10Li(THF)](2) (E = S (12a), Se (12b)), which were confirmed by a crystal structure analysis. Reactions Of Cp'(2)Ln(mu-Cl)(2)Li(THF)(2) (1-10) with 12a or 12b gave dinuclear complexes of the formula [Li(THF)(4)](2)[Cp'(2)LnE(2)C(2)B(10)H(10)](2) (Cp'= eta(5)-t-BuC5H4, E = S, Ln = Nd (13a), Gd (14a), Dy (15a), Er (16a), Yb (17a); E = Se, Ln = Nd (13b), Gd (14b), Dy (15b), Er (16b), Yb (17b); Cp'= 1,3-eta(5)-t-Bu2C5H3 E = S, Ln = Nd (18a), Gd (19a), Dy (20a), Er (21a), Yb (22a); E = Se, Ln = Nd (18b), Gd (19b), Dy (20b), Er (21b), Yb (22b)). According to the X-ray structure analyses, the dianions of 13a and 13b contain two o-carborane dichalcogenolate bridges, and each CP'2Ln fragment is attached to one terminal and two bridging chalcogen ligands. The central Ln(2)E(2) four-membered ring is not planar, and the direct metal-metal interaction is absent.

各种极谱法研究液/液界面电化学

本文用简单的方法把国产MEC-12A型多功能微机电化学分析仪,JP-M1脉冲极谱仪和Metrohm E506型极谱仪(瑞士)与四电极恒电位仪相联,使原两电极或三电极系统改为四电极系统,建立了一系列液/液(L/L)界面电化学研究的实验方法,而且对L/L界面的常规脉冲法,微分脉冲法和交流伏安法的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明各类经典电化学研究金属/电解质(M/L)方法也可用于研究L/L界面电化学,且得到较好的效果。改装后的微分脉冲法可测5×10~(-7)mol/L三碘季胺酚。

A quasi-synoptic interpretation of water mass distribution and circulation in the western North Pacific II: Circulation

Using the data of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) intensive observations conducted during Oct.-Nov. 2005, this study provides the first three-dimension quasi-synoptic description of the circulation in the western North Pacific. Several novel phenomena are revealed, especially in the deep ocean where earlier observations were very sparse. During the observations, the North Equatorial Current (NEC) splits at about 12A degrees N near the sea surface. This bifurcation shifts northward with depth, reaching about 20A degrees N at 1 000 m, and then remains nearly unchanged to as deep as 2 000 m. The Luzon Undercurrent (LUC), emerging below the Kuroshio from about 21A degrees N, intensifies southward, with its upper boundary surfacing around 12A degrees N. From there, part of the LUC separates from the coast, while the rest continues southward to join the Mindanao Current (MC). The MC extends to 2 000 m near the coast, and appears to be closely related to the subsurface cyclonic eddies which overlap low-salinity water from the North Pacific. The Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC), carrying waters from the South Pacific, shifts eastward upon approaching the Mindanao coast and eventually becomes part of the eastward undercurrent between 10A degrees N and 12A degrees N at 130A degrees E. In the upper 2 000 dbar, the total westward transport across 130A degrees E between 7.5A degrees N and 18A degrees N reaches 65.4 Sv (1 Sv = 10(-6) m(3)s(-1)), the northward transport across 18A degrees N from Luzon coast to 130A degrees E is up to 35.0 Sv, and the southward transport across 7.5A degrees N from Mindanao coast to 130A degrees E is 27.9 Sv.

Factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth in the South China Sea: numerical simulations

The mixed layer depth (MLD) in the upper ocean is an important physical parameter for describing the upper ocean mixed layer. We analyzed several major factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth (CMLD), and established a numerical simulation in the South China Sea (SCS) using the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) with a high-resolution (1/12A degrees x1/12A degrees) grid nesting method and 50 vertical layers. Several ideal numerical experiments were tested by modifying the existing sea surface boundary conditions. Especially, we analyzed the sensitivity of the results simulated for the CMLD with factors of sea surface wind stress (SSWS), sea surface net heat flux (SSNHF), and the difference between evaporation and precipitation (DEP). The result shows that of the three factors that change the depth of the CMLD, SSWS is in the first place, when ignoring the impact of SSWS, CMLD will change by 26% on average, and its effect is always to deepen the CMLD; the next comes SSNHF (13%) for deepening the CMLD in October to January and shallowing the CMLD in February to September; and the DEP comes in the third (only 2%). Moreover, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of CMLD and compared the simulation result with the ARGO observational data. The results indicate that ROMS is applicable for studying CMLD in the SCS area.