201 resultados para 371.332


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng)是一种原产于墨西哥的恶性杂草。近年来已严重妨碍了云南省甚至整个西南地区、林、牧业的发展。自1984年8月引进泽兰实蝇(procecidochares utilis Stone)开展了生物防治研究。已在云南境内七个地州(市)定殖扩散。为了解泽兰实蝇的控制作用,本文从研究泽从实蝇生态学特性入手。分析了泽兰实蝇生态学特性与紫茎泽兰生物防治的关系。定量地评价了泽兰实蝇的控制作用。并且应用灰色系统中局势决策方法比较了不同环境条件下的生防效果。其主要结果如下:1、泽兰实蝇雌性与雄性成虫的存活曲线均近于Deevery I型;雌雄一并来看。则成虫存活曲线为Deevery II型;雌性成虫的寿命比雄性长。产卵峰期多在产卵开始后的第二到第四天。2、泽兰实蝇幼虫与成虫均存在密度制约。在平均每雌占有两枝供试产卵枝条时产卵量最大。同时孕育虫的后代也最多。3、泽兰实蝇的净增殖率R. = 24.365。内禀增长率r_m = 0.055。周限增长值λ = 1.057。种群加倍时间t = 12.603天,世代周期T = 58.371天。4、泽兰实蝇幼虫种群的空间分布呈聚集型且接近于负二项分布。一般来说平均拥挤度大的地区,对紫茎泽兰的控制效果也好。5、利用计算机模拟术对泽兰实蝇的控制作用进行拟合。较之以寄生率来评价生防效果更为科学,也更为符合客观实际。6、对不同环境下的控制作用进行局势决策可知,温度较高。湿度偏低的地区。生防效果优于那些温度较低或温、温度均较高的地区。在本文所进行调查的几个样地中,泽兰实蝇控制效果大小的次序依次为:元江>宜良>双柏>思茅。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在黑白仰鼻猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)分布区北端的南仁(99o04’E, 28o34’N), 野外工作分别于2001年4月10日 - 6月30 日(代表冬末和春季),9月14日 - 12月20日(夏秋季)进行。我们分别用粪便取样法、录像带记录和直接观察法收集了猴群生境的垂直利用、过夜处选择和社会组织数据。此外,我们于1998年8月20日到12月31日在中科院昆明动物研究所老所利用全发生取样法(All-Occurence sampling)收集了一个单雄多雌单元(One-male, multi-female unit: OMU)的性行为数据。另外,我们利用昆明动物所1994 - 2003年和昆明动物园1991 - 2003年笼养黑白仰鼻猴群的出生记录来说明出生季节和出生间隔。 黑白仰鼻猴群全年在3500 - 4300 m的林带上活动,集中利用的海拔带为3900 - 4200 m,这可能与猴群的主食(松萝)主要分布于高海拔有关。冬季, 山沟中的粪便密度高于山脊,这可能是猴群在沟中过夜的缘故。猴群喜欢在树高(27.5 ± 3.2 m)较高、胸径(57.9 ± 16.9 cm)和树冠(6.3 ± 1.4 m)大的针叶树(云冷杉)上过夜。猴群冬季喜欢在阳坡中部的针叶树上过夜,这样既安全又可以接受适量的阳光照射。这是猴群在选择最安全和最暖和过夜处的一种折衷策略。 1994年猴群OMUs大小为7.8 ± 1.7(n = 17),成年性比(M/F)是1.0: 3.8。2001年OMUs大小为10.1 ± 3.7 (n = 15),成年性比是1.0: 4.9。1994-2001年,OMUs中每个成年雌性每年的平均增长率是0.04。这种OMU-band两层社会组织与Kirkpatrick(1996)的报道一致。 雌性以匍匐地面或栖木上,同时面部和视线左右摆动,或者坐着上下移动头部的动作邀配;雄性则以伴有特别的叫声、露齿动颌表情邀配。在有射精记录的观察日中,平均每5.2次爬跨有1次射精,而单次爬跨就射精的仅占4.4%。雌性邀配了18次射精爬跨的大多数(72%),但163次非射精爬跨中她们邀配的仅为45%。雄性在射精交配中叫声多于非射精交配。该种交配模式与其它疣猴亚科动物相似,而性内交配竞争可能与这种模式的进化有关。 笼养黑白仰鼻猴群的出生日期为12 - 6月份,出生高峰期为3 - 5月份。猴群的平均出生日期为4月18日(标准差为43天),中位出生日期为4月10日。猴群的出生间隔平均为624 ± 150天(n = 15,范围:332 - 787天)。幼猴可活到1岁后的出生间隔(706 ± 71, n = 12, 498 - 787天)显著长于1岁内死亡或流产后的出生间隔(428 ± 87, n = 5, 332 - 568天)。婴猴性比(M/F)显著偏离1: 1。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this paper, we propose the periodic boundary condition which can be applied to a variety of semiconductor nanostructures to overcome che difficulty of solving Schrodinger equation under the natural boundary condition. When the barrier width is large enough. the average of the maximum and minimum of energy band under the periodic boundary condition is very close to the energy level obtained under the natural boundary condition. As an example, we take the GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs system, If the width of the Ga1-xAlxAs barrier is 200 Angstrom, the average of the maximum and minimum of energy band of the GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs superlattices is very close to the energy level of the GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells (QWs). We give the electronic structure effective mass calculation of T-shaped quantum wires (T-QWRs) under the periodic boundary condition, The lateral confinement energies E1D-2D of electrons and holes, the energy difference between T-QWRs and QWs, are precisely determined.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The excitation spectrum of CdS dusters in zeolite-Y is consistent with their absorption spectrum, both showing two absorption bands that are assigned to the Is-is and Is-lp transitions, respectively. A new emission at 400 nn is considered to be the recombination of the bounded excitons. The emission firstly increases then decreases with increasing cluster size or loading. The emission by excitation into the Is-is band is stronger and sharper than that by excitation into the Is-lp band. This phenomenon is attributed to the size inhomogeneity and the strong electron-phonon interaction of the dusters. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

With contributions from both three-dimensional (3D) electrons in heavily doped contacts and 2D electrons in the accumulation layer, a self-consistent calculation based on effective mass theory is presented for studying the anomalous behaviour of the quasi-bound levels in the accumulation layer and that in the central well of an asymmetric double barrier structure (DBS). By choosing the thickness of the incident barrier properly, it is revealed that these two quasi-bound levels may merge into a unique bound level in the off-resonance regime which shows a very good 2D nature in contrast to the conventional picture for level crossing. An evident intrinsic I-V bistability is also shown. It is noticeable that the effect of charge build-up in the central well is so strong that the electric field in the incident barrier even decreases when the applied bias increases within the resonant region.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在较高工作气压(332.5~399Pa)下,采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺制备了优质的本征纳米硅薄膜及掺磷的纳米硅薄膜,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼散射(Raman) 测试技术对其进行了测试和分析.结果表明纳米硅薄膜的XRD谱中存在(111)、(220)和(331)峰位;Raman谱中显示出其薄膜中的晶粒的大小(2~5nm)符合纳米晶的要求.将制备的纳米硅薄膜初步用于栅极/ITO/n-nc-Si∶H/i-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si/Al/Ag结构的异质结(HIT)太阳能电池,开路电压(Voc)达404mV,短路电流密度(Jsc)可达到34.2mA/cm2(AM1.5,100mW/cm~2,25℃).

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A technology for the monolithic integration of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is developed. Molecular beam epitaxy is used to grow an RTD on a HEMT structure on GaAs substrate. The RTD has a room temperature peak-to-valley ratio of 5.2:1 with a peak current density of 22.5kA/cm~2. The HEMT has a 1μm gate length with a-1V threshold voltage. A logic circuit called a monostableto-bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) circuit is developed. The experimental result confirms that the fabricated logic circuit operates successfully with frequency operations of up to 2GHz.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

利用变温Hall测量研究了重掺杂InGaAs/InAlAs单量子阱中二维电子气,发现在量子阱中由于存在电子对称态和反对称态导致纵向电阻出现拍频现象.通过分析拍频节点位置,得到电子对称态和反对称态之间的能级间距为4meV.此外,通过迁移率谱方法和多载流子拟合过程研究了不同迁移率电子的浓度和迁移率随温度的变化关系.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

研究分子束外延(MBE)生长的应变In_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)As/GaAs折射率梯度变化异质结单量子阱激光二极管的快速热处理(RTA)效应。结果表明,RTA移除了InCaAs/GaAs界面非辐射中心,提高77K光致发光效率和有源层电子发射。同时Al和Ga原子互扩散,也增加了AlGaAs波导层DX中心浓度。RTA处理后样品电流冲击老化实验证明DX中心浓度呈现出相应的增加。这表明DX中心可能是激光二极管性能退化的原因之一。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

介绍了在AlGaAs/GaAs太阳电池上制备MgF_2/ZnS双层减反射膜的研究工作。引入了有效反射率R_e,并通过使R_e极小来实现减反射膜的优化设计,考虑了MgF_2/ZnS双层减反射膜与窗口层的耦合。实验上获得了良好的减反射膜,提高了AlGaAs/GaAs太阳电池的短路电流和效率,表明用R_e极小化来设计减反射膜是合理的。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在空间生长SI-GaAs的某些部位有汽泡产生,经俄歇分析,汽泡表面约有10nm的砷层,它从半绝缘砷化镓内部逸出,导致其成为半导体。用阴极荧光形貌观测了其多晶结构。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

国家自然科学基金

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

该文报道了金属有机的化学气相外延(MOVPE)生长的未人为掺杂和掺Si n-GaN的持续光电导(Persistent Photoconductivity-PCC)。在不同温度下观察了光电导的产生和衰变行为。实验结果表明,未人为掺杂和掺Si n-GaN的持续光电导和黄光发射可能起源于深能级缺陷,这些缺陷可以是V_(Ga)空位、N_(Ga)反位或者V_(Ga)-Si_(Ga)络合物。和未人为掺杂样品A相比,样品B中因Si的并入导致GaN中的深能级缺陷增加,提高了GaN中黄光发射,使持续光电导衰变减慢,但实验未发现黄光的加强和光电导衰变特性与两样品生长温度有明显关系。随测量温度的增加,持续光电导衰变加快,衰变曲线能用扩展指数定律进行拟合。