大功率半导体激光器阵列的封装技术

半导体激光器阵列的应用已基本覆盖了整个光电子领域，成为当今光电子科学的重要技术。本文介绍了半导体激光器阵列的发展及其应用。着重阐述了半导体激光器阵列的封装技术——热沉材料的选择及其结构优化、热沉与半导体激光器阵列之间的焊接技术、半导体激光器阵列的冷却技术、与光纤的耦合技术等。

大功率半导体激光器二维阵列模块特性分析

根据固体激光器抽运的技术要求，设计了一种具有水冷装置的大功率半导体激光器二维阵列模块，并对半导体激光器热沉和致冷系统的热流进行了分析。在不同占空比下，对该模块进行了测试与分析。该模块的中心波长为810nm，光谱半峰全宽（FWHM）为2．5nm，工作电流为110A（200μs，10％占空比），循环水温为15℃时输出峰值功率为280W。结果表明，该封装结构在占空比小于5％时器件工作特性良好，在10％占空比F也可正常工作。利用该模块可以组合成多种几何结构、功率更高的半导体激光器组件。

高功率半导体激光器线阵列的波长锁定技术

高功率半导体激光器光谱随温度和工作电流的变化比较大，光谱线宽比较宽，这些缺点直接限制了其实际应用。因此，高功率半导体激光器波长稳定技术的研究是激光领域的一个重要研究方向。对波长稳定技术进行研究。实验用体布拉格光栅（VBG）作为反馈元件与高功率半导体激光器线阵列，构成可以对其波长进行锁定的外腔激光器。分析了外腔激光器的波长锁定效果与高功率半导体激光器工作电流、冷却温度、工作电流的占空比和“smile”现象等因素的关系。研究结果表明，高功率半导体激光器的工作电流、冷却温度、工作电流的占空比会影响其激射波长，当激射波长与VBG的布拉格波长差值小于3．0nm时，可以得到较好的波长锁定效果，而阵列本身的“smile”现象对其波长锁定的影响不大。

连续工作的体布拉格光栅外腔半导体激光器的温度特性

对体布拉格光栅(VBG)作为波长选择元件的外腔半导体激光器的波长锁定进行了实验研究,报道了连续运转输出功率达43.5 W的半导体激光器阵列的体布拉格光栅波长锁定实验结果,给出了不同热沉温度下的稳定的波长锁定结果,说明采用体布拉格光栅外腔将减小半导体激光器的温控压力。实验中发现,随着注入电流的增大,输出激光功率逐渐增强,锁定的激射波长向长波长方向偏移。在输出功率为34.5 W时,波长红移约0.56 nm。这一移动与实验测量的体布拉格光栅的温度特性相吻合。连续和高占空比运行、高输出功率情况下,在器件的设计和使用时应该考虑这一效应。

高功率光子晶体光纤激光器研究进展

光子晶体光纤的出现，为高功率光纤激光器的关键技术-大模区光纤的实现提供了新途径。基于铒镱共掺磷酸盐材料的包层掺杂新结构出现，为实现更加紧凑的光纤激光器提供了可能。常规高功率光纤激光器中的抽运技术，谐振腔技术和相干组束技术也在不断融入高功率光子晶体光纤激光器。高功率光子晶体光纤激光器的调Q和锁模输出也已经实现。

Relay lens-free birefringence-customized stackable beam-steering modules for optical interconnects

A previously suggested birefringence-customized modular optical interconnect technique is extended for lens-free relay operation. Various lens-free relay imaging models are developed. We claim that the lens-free relay system is important in simplifying an optical interconnect system whenever the imaging conditions permit. To verify the validity of various proposed concepts, we experimentally implemented some 8 x 8 optical permutation modules. High-power efficiency and low channel cross talk were experimentally observed. In general, the larger the channel spacing, the less the cross talk. A quantitative cross-talk measurement of the lens-free relay system shows that, for a fixed channel width of 0.5 mm and channel spacings of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm, a less than -20-dB cross-talk performance can be guaranteed for lens-free relay distances of 40, 280, and 430 mm, respectively. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

提高能量密度的超衍射极限激光光束相位补偿技术

定义了激光光束衍射远场光斑压缩前后的能量比以及能量密度比来衡量超衍射极限激光光束的质量。通过利用反向传递算法设计了合适的补偿相位板，不但对准直放大的单一横模激光光束进行小于光学衍射极限的发散度的压缩，同时又保证光束能量集中于压缩后的远场衍射主瓣中，使压缩后的远场衍射光斑的能量密度增加。给出了相应的实例。这一结论不但解决了光学超分辨中光束压缩与能量损失不可避免这一矛盾，而且为发散度小且能量密度高的超衍射极限激光光束的实验工作以及该类光束的实际应用提供了理论基础。

Measurement of thermal rise-time of a laser diode based on spectrally resolved waveforms

Thermal resistance and thermal rise-time are two basic parameters that affect most of the performances of a laser diode greatly. By measuring waveforms received after a spectroscope at wavelengths varied step-by-step, the spectrally resolved waveforms can be converted to calculate the thermal rise-time. Basic formulas for the spectrum variation of a laser diode and the measurement set-up by using a Boxcar are described in the paper. As an example, the thermal rise-time of a p-side up packaged short-pulse laser diode was measured by the method to be 390 mu s. The method will be useful in characterizing diode lasers and LID modules in high-power applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

连续波工作大功率半导体激光器阵列的温度分布

用Ansys软件模拟了大功率半导体激光器阵列的稳态温度分布，并对自行研制的半导体激光器阵列的温度变化进行了测试，结果表明理论计算与实验结果基本吻合。该模拟结果对大功率半导体激光器阵列的封装设计具有现实的指导意义。

Wavefront measurement of double-clad pulsed ytterbium fiber laser

Because of high efficiencies, compact structure, and excellent heat dissipation, high-power fiber lasers are extremely useful for applications such as cutting, welding, precision drilling, trimming, sensing, optical transmitter, material processing, micromachining, and so on. However, the wavefront of the double clad fiber laser doped with ytterbium is still unknown. In this paper, wavefront of a fiber laser is measured and the traditional Hartmann-shack wavefront sensing method is adopted. We measured a double clad fiber laser doped with ytterbium which produces pulse wave output at infrared wavelength. The wavefront shape and contour are reconstructed and the result shows that wavefront is slightly focused and not an ideal plane wavefront. Wavefront measurement of fiber laser will be useful to improving the lasers' performance and developing the coherent technique for its applications.

Effects of atmosphere visibility on performances of non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication systems

Dependence of performances of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) communication systems on atmosphere visibility is investigated numerically by correlating the propagation of UV radiation with the visibility. A simplified solar-blind UV atmospheric propagation model is introduced, and the NLOS UV communication system model is constituted based on the single scattering assumption. Using the model, numerical simulation is conducted for two typical geometry configurations and different modulation formats. The results indicate that the performance of the NLOS UV communication system is insensitive to variation of visibility in quite a large range, and deteriorates significantly only in very low-visibility weather, and is also dependent on the geometry configuration of the system. The results also show that the pulse position modulation (PPM) is preferable due to its high-power efficiency to improve the system performance. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

钛宝石强激光负载的有机硅复合凝胶增透膜研究

以硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTEOS)为前驱材料，用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)方法在钛宝石表面制备得到均匀性良好且具有高激光损伤阈值的有机硅复合凝胶增透膜。膜层在钛宝石激光器输出波段(750～850nm)的增透效果显著，其平均透过率超过98．6％；激光破坏阈值为2．2J／cm^2(800nm，300ps)；膜层表面均匀性达到激光波面的要求，在皮秒、飞秒超短脉冲高功率激光领域具有应用价值。溶胶的性能测试结果表明，溶胶粘度和成膜折射率均随溶液中CH3SiO1.5溶胶体含量的增加而增大，而膜

Modal fields and bending loss analyses of three-layer large flattened mode fibers

Theoretical method to analyze three-layer large flattened mode (LFM) fibers is presented. The modal fields, including the fundamental and higher order modes, and bending loss of the fiber are analyzed. The reason forming the different modal fields is explained and the feasibility to filter out the higher order modes via bending to realize high power, high beam quality fiber laser is given. Comparisons are made with the standard step-index fiber. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

图像处理在光路自动准直系统中的应用

光路自动准直系统应用于惯性约束聚变的高功率激光装置中的光束自动调整。图像处理是光路自动准直的关键技术之一。针对神光Ⅲ原型装置，结合阈值化、重心法、中值滤波和圆拟合等多种不同的图像处理方法设计了一套合理的准直方案，并且在模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，光路自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成光路的自动调整，光束近场调整精度优于近场光斑的±0．5％，光束远场调整精度≤±0．3″，满足了原型装置的总体要求。

高功率钕玻璃激光三倍频脉冲时间波形的研究

基于目前国内规模最大的激光驱动器——“神光Ⅱ”八路基频光已经实现功率平衡运行，通过改变其中若干路三倍频系统各调谐量的偏离，对输出三倍频波形进行束与束之间的横向对比研究．研究发现，对于Ⅱ类-Ⅱ类偏振失配三倍频系统，在影响转换效率的三个调谐量中，偏振分配角失配△θp，对三倍频波形影响最大；在入射基频功率密度约为1．0GW／cm^2情况下，当三倍频系统三个调谐量都处在最佳匹配时，三倍频波形半峰全宽τ最小。研究工作为最终实现“神光Ⅱ”八路光束三倍频功率平衡输出提供了晶体调试的方法。