Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Agents 3. Synthesis and in Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Some N-Arylsulfonylindoles

In order to find compounds with superior anti human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, twelve simple N-arylsulfonylindoles (3a-1) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Several compounds

Lignans with Anti-HIV Activity from Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis

Fourteen new lignans, tiegusanins A-N (1-14), together with 13 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis. The structures and absolute configurations of 1-13 were established using a combination of spectrosco

Anti HIV-1 Agents 2. Discovery of Dibenzofurans as New HIV-1 Inhibitors In Vitro

Ten dibenzofurans were synthesized and evaluated as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Among these compounds, compounds 1, 6, 7 and 8 demonstrated significant anti-HIV-1 activity. Especially compound 1 showed the

Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Agents 1. Discovery of Benzyl Phenyl Ethers as New HIV-1 Inhibitors in Vitro

Ten single benzyl phenyl ethers were synthesized and evaluated as human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Among these compounds, especially 4-nitrobenzyl phenyl ether (3h) exhibited the highest anti-HIV-1 activity wi

Anti-HIV Activities of the Compounds Isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum

The 70% EtOH extract of Polygonum cuspidatum showed inhibitory action against HIV-1-induced syncytium formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations in vitro with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 13.94 +/- 3.41 mu g/mL. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, 20 phenolic compounds, including eight stilbenoids, were isolated from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum, and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Results showed that compounds 1, 13, 14, and 16 demonstrated fairly strong antiviral activity against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects in C8166 lymphocytes at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with EC50 values of 4.37 +/- 1.96 mu g/mL, 19.97 +/- 5.09, 14.4 +/- 1.34 mu g/mL, and 11.29 +/- 6.26 mu g/mL and therapeutic index (TI) values of 8.12, > 10.02, > 13.89, and > 17.71, respectively. Other compounds showed either weak or no effects. Compound 6 also showed weak inhibition (153.42 +/- 19.25 mu g/mL); however, it possesses very good water solubility and showed almost no cytotoxicity (> 2000 mu g/mL), therefore achieving a fairly good TI (13.04). The activities of the two compounds (3 and 18) from Polygonum multiflorum were also assayed. The relationship between molecular structures and their bioactivities was also discussed.

Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Constituents of the Bark of Poncirus trifoliata

A total of 36 compounds (1-36) were obtained from the stem bark of Poncirus trifoliata including three new prenylated flavonoids, (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(3 '',4 ''-cis-dihydroxy-3 '',4 ''-dihydro)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (1), (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(3 ''-hydroxy-4 ''-one)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (2), and (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(cis-3 ''-hydroxy-4 ''-ethoxy-3 '',4 ''-dihydro)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (3). The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-20 were evaluated for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) activity, in which 2 showed significant anti-HIV-1 activity with high therapeutic index (T1) of 143.65.

Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Agents 4. Discovery of 5,5 '-(p-Phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline Sulfonates as New HIV-1 Inhibitors in Vitro

To search for compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, ten 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonates (4a-j) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Some compounds demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity, especially 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-ethylbenzenesulfonate (4g) and 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-chlorobenzenesulfonate (41) showed the more potent anti-HIV-1 activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.59 and 4.01 mu g/ml, and therapeutic index (TI) values of 31.77 and 24.51, respectively.

Anti HIV-1 agents 5: Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of some N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindoles in vitro

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, 21N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole analogs (2a-u) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro. Among of all the analogs, several compounds exhibited significant anti-HIV-1 activity, especially N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2j) and N-(p-ethyl)phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2n) showed the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 0.36 and 0.13 mu g/mL, and TI values of >555.55 and 791.85, respectively. It demonstrated that introduction of the acetyl group at the 3-position of N-arylsulfonyl-6-methylindoles could generally lead to the more potent analogs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra wilsoniana and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activities

Twelve new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, marlignans A-L (1-12), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-12 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their anti-HIV activities, of which compounds 3, 6, 8, and 12 showed modest activities with therapeutic index values of 13.2, 15.6, 17.6, and 16.4, respectively.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra lancifolia

A new nortriterpenoid, 20-hydroxymicrandilactone D (1) and a novel lignan glycoside, lancilignanside A (2) were isolated from leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia, together with three known nortriterpenoids (3-5) and nine known phenolics (6-14). The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. In addition, compounds 1-2, 6-7, and 9-11 showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activities with 50% effective concentration (EC50) in the range of 3.0-99.0 mu g/ml. Compound 12 was not bioactive in this assay with EC50 more than 200 mu g/ml.

Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lignans from the Fruits of Schisandra rubriflora

This study investigated the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora which led to the isolation of eight lignans, including a new isolate, rubrisandrin C (1), and seven known lignans (2-8). The structure of 1 was established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and its absolute stereochemistry was determined by CD spectrum. Compounds 1-5 and 7-8 were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity that showed inhibitory activity on HIV-1(IIIB) induced syncytium formation with EC50 values in the range of 2.26 similar to 20.4 mu g/mL. Compounds 1 and 7 exerted their obvious protection of HIV-1(IIIB) inducted MT-4 host cells lytic effects with a selectivity index of 15.4 and 24.6, respectively.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra lancifolia and Their Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schilancifolignans A-C (1-3), together with thirteen known ones, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandru lancifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activities and showed weak bioactivities.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra rubriflora

Six new nortriterpenoids, schirubridilactones A-F (1-6). as well as 14 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra rubriflora. The Structures of 1-6 were elucidated oil the basis of spectroscopic methods including HSQC, HMBC, H-1-H-1 COSY, and ROESY NMR experiments. The relative stereochemistry of I was confirmed through single-crystal X-ray analysis. In addition, compounds 1-6 showed anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values in the range 14.3-80.8 mu g/mL and Selectivity indices in the range 2.2-9.0.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana and their anti-HIV-1 activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, wilsonilignans A-C (1-3), together with nine known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were also evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activities and showed bioactivity with EC50 values of 3.26, 6.18, and 2.87g/ml, respectively.

Molecular phylogeography of endangered sharp-snouted pitviper (Deinagkistrodon acutus; Reptilia, Viperidae) in Mainland China

Using phylogenetic and population genetic approaches, the present study reports the phylogeographic structure of the sharp-snouted pitviper (Deinagkistrodon acutus), a threatened snake species with commercial and medicinal importance in China. The entire mitochondrial ND2 gene (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) sequences of 86 individuals of D. acutus from 14 localities across its range in China were determined. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, distribution of diagnostic sites, haplotype network, and AMOVA hierarchical analysis, an cast-west division of the whole D. acutus population could be observed. Geographically, a line formed by a lake, river, and mountain chain (the Poyang Lake, Gan River to the southern end of the Wuyi Mountains), results in vicariance and approximately vertically splits the range into two and the whole population into two main lineages (western and eastern). The bifurcating tree suggested generally west to east dispersal trend. The data fit the isolation by distance (IBD) model well. Star-like clusters in haplotype network, significantly negative values of Fs statistics, and unimodal mismatch distributions all suggest recent demographic expansions in four areas. The results show that isolation, dispersal, bottleneck, and expansion jointly constitute the history of D. acutus. In a haplotype network, the excessive predominance of central haplotypes, few medium-frequency haplotypes, predominance (73.1 %) of the singletons among the derived haplotypes, most of which are connected to the central haplotype by only one mutational step, unsymmetrical campanulate unimodal curve of mismatch distributions and leftwards shift of the peaks, all suggest that the whole D. acutus population is a young population with low genetic diversity. Based on the data, the first priority for conservation action should be given to the Huangshan unit. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.