80 resultados para LIF


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Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using tris-(8-hydroxy-quinolinato) aluminum (Alq(3)) as an emitter, 8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium (Liq) as an electron injection layer, were prepared. Experimental results show that the efficiency of device with Liq is three times higher than that without Liq. The device using Liq as an injection layer is less sensitive in efficiency to the Liq thickness than that using LiF. In addition to the Alq3 based devices, Liq is also very effective as an electron injection layer for 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl based blue OLED and poly (2-methoxy,5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) based orange polymer OLED. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser passively Q switched by a semiconductor absorber is demonstrated. The Q-switched operation of the laser has an average output power of 135 mW with a 1.6 W incident pump power. The minimum pulse width is measured to be about 8.3 ns with a repetition rate of 2 MHz. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a solid-state laser passively Q-switched by such a composite semiconductor absorber. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

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We report highly efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with MoO3-doped perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as hole injection layer (HIL). A green OLED with structure of ITO/20 wt% MoO3: PTCDA/NPB/Alq(3)/LiF/Al shows a long lifetime of 1012 h at the initial luminance of 2000 cd/m(2), which is 1.3 times more stable than that of the device with MoO3 as HIL. The current efficiency of 4.7 cd/A and power efficiency of 3.7 lm/W at about 100 cd/m(2) have been obtained. The charge transfer complex between PTCDA and MoO3 plays a decisive role in improving the performance of OLEDs.

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本论文以改善有机/高分子电致发光器件的载流子注入与传输平衡为目的,以具有良好成膜性、热稳定性及氧化还原性的氮硫共扼聚合物为母体,通过在氮上引入不同的侧基来研究所得聚合物的空穴传输性能,发光性能及其在电致发光器件中佩的应用。1.设计与合成出一系列不同链长的烷基取代的氮硫共扼聚合物,所得聚合物具有规整的结构,高的分子量,可溶于常见的有机溶剂且具有良好的成膜性。电化学研究表明,它们具有良好的氧化还原可逆性及稳定性,其HOMO值在5.02一5.16eV之间,与阳极ITO具有较好的匹配,说明它们有着良好的空穴注入性能。通过对“hole-only"器件(ITO/PPSA-R/C u )的研究表明随着烷基侧链的增长,所得聚合物的空穴传输能力逐渐下降。双层器件(TO/PPSA-R/Alq3几佩F/AI)研究结果表明与传统的高分子空穴传输材料聚乙烯咔叫含(PVK)相比,器件的启动电压降低,发光效率明显提高,说明烷基取代氮硫共扼聚合物具有优良的空穴传输性能。2.设计与合成出侧链悬挂有三芳胺类空穴传输小分子的氮硫共辆单体,在强酸体系下聚合后,通过核磁表征发现由于醚键断裂导致部分三芳1}5}小分子脱落,聚合物中三芳胺小分子含量降低。电化学研究表明它们具有良好的氧化还原可逆性,其HOMO值在-5.18eV左右,大于未引入二芳服时的氮硫共扼聚合物。双层器件(ITO/PPSA-TPA/Alq3/LiF/Al)研究结果表明,与未引入三芳l}}C的氮硫共扼聚合物相比,器件的启动电压升高,发光效率降低。3.设计与合成出侧链悬挂有高荧光效率的蓝色发光二苯葱小分子的氮硫单体,并通过其与可合成出高性能的空穴传输材料一的乙基取代的氮硫单体以不同比例共聚获得一系列新型的主链传输空穴而侧链发光的聚合物。它们具有高的热稳定性,良好的溶解性及成膜性,电化学研究表明它们具有良好的氧化还原可逆 性及低的起始氧化电位。通过对其发光性质的研究,我们发现在溶液荧光光谱中短波长的发射归结于二苯葱单体的发射,而长波长的发射则归结于分子内或分子间受激分子的发射;在固体膜的荧光光谱中,主要表现为激基缔合物发光,并随着二苯葱基元含量的减少光致发光亮度增加,且发光蓝移。4.设计与合成出含有N一烷基咔吟或N一芳基咔畔和不同发光中心的小分子发光材料,我们发现含葱环的发光小分子发光颜色向长波移动,含联苯结构的发光小分子的发光颜色则向短波移动。电化学研究表明,11卜畔的存在提高了发光小分子的空穴传输性能。通过将含有电子传输层的发光小分子双层器件与单层器件对比,我们发现双层器件的各项性能远高于单层器件,进一步说明了发光小分子传输性能的改善。

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本文以调控发光颜色、提高发光效率为目的,通过改变配体、中心金属离子、取代基等进行颜色调节;通过引入电子或空穴传输单元,实现发光分子的功能化进而改善载流子传输提高发光效率。文中主要以有机小分子和金属配合物为研究对象,它们本身都具有良好的发光性质。工作集中围绕以下几个问题展开:1、PPV齐聚物是一类高效发光的分子体系,如果在其中嵌入8一取代的哇琳单元对发光会有什么影响?2、使用含噁二唑(具有电子传输功能)的配体得到的金属配合物是否能同时拥有双重功能,即高效发光(金属配合物的特点)和优良的电子传输?3、由N2O-双齿配体转变成N,N-双齿配体,配合物的发光又会如何?4、稀土配合物具有高的光致发光效率,但电致发光效率非常低,能否通过咔哇或呛二吟功能化来改善载流子传输,提高电致发光效率?主要工作及取得的结果概述如下:1、经由Knoevenagel缩合反应合成了一系列共骊的2,21-(1,4-芳二乙烯基)双-8-取代喹啉。单晶X-射线衍射研究表明固态下存在分子间,π…π堆积相互作用,这对于载流子传输是比较有利的。喹啉8-位于的取代基的变化对发光影响不大,表明刚性共扼骨架对发光起主要贡献。改变中心的芳核,明显可以调控发光颜色。当存在分子内电荷转移时,与不存在的相比,发光显著红移。电致发光性质表明这些含双喳琳的PPV齐聚物是良好的发光和电子传输材料。2、存在分子内氢键的化合物2-(2-羟基苯基)-5-苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑(HOXD),具有激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)特性。在室温下,用365脚的紫外灯照射时表现强的兰色荧光。室温和低温(77K)下的磷光光谱表明它在固态下具有较强的磷光发射,与理论预测完全一致。多层电致发光器件ITO加PB/HOXD/BCP/Alq3/Mg:Ag最大亮度达到656cd/m2,电流效率为0.37cd/A。当把HoxD掺在cBP中时,亮度和效率都有一定程度的提高,达到870cd/m2和0.82cd/A。3、合成了含有德二哩配体(HOXD)的碱金属配合物MOxD(M=Li,Na,K)。我们发现配合物的发光颜色取决于中心金属离子,LiOXD是一个优良的蓝光材料,半峰宽是65nm,发射峰位在478nm,它也可以作为界面材料使用,起到和LIF相同的作用,即改善电子注入。同时作者首次报道了钠和钾的配合物可以用作发光材料。电致发光性质表明这些配合物是优良的蓝/绿色发光和电子注入/传输材料。4、使用从N双齿配体代替N,O-双齿配体(比如8-羟基喹啉),合成了含有2-(2-羟基喹啉)苯并咪唑的锌、铍和硼配合物。用硼配合物作为发光层的三层器件ITO/NPB/boron-complex/Alq3/LiF/A1所得到的光谱覆盖了从400到750nm的区域,表明获得了一个很好的白色发光。白光分别源于激子和激基复合物发光,由三种成分构成:来自于硼配合物的兰色发光(490nm);来自于Alq3的发光(535nln);NPB和BPh2(Pybm)界面形成的激基复合物发光(610nm)。器件最大亮度是110cd/m2最大效率是0.8cd/A。5、设计、合成了咔唑、噁二唑功能化的稀土馆配合物,期望通过改善空穴和电子传输来提高发光效率。含咔哇的配合物的双层器件发光光谱较宽,包括三价铺的特征发射和一个宽峰,可能是咔唑的发光。当使用TPD做空穴传输层时,噁二唑铺配合物的电致发光器件得到纯正明亮的红色发光,器件结构为ITO/TPD(40nm)/(OXD-PyBM)Eu(DBM)3(SOnm)/LiF(Inm)/Al(200m),启动电压为7.8V,在21v时达到最大亮度322cd/m2。亮度为57cd/m2和13.sv时电流效率最大,为1.9cd/A,对应外量子效率是1.7%。高的效率表明通过引入噁二唑基团,配合物的电子传输能力得到明显改善。6、初步研究了三线态发光的铱的金属有机配合物,得到了高亮度、高效率的绿色发光;对8-羟基喹啉锌配合物的高分子化也做了初步探讨。

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本文对电解熔融氯化物制备稀土金属钕及钕铁、镝铁合金的电极过程及镝在镝铝合金中的扩散系数,用氯化物熔体电解制备钕铁合金的电解工艺,进行了系统研究。利用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和计时电位法研究了Nd~(3+),Dy~(3+)在等摩尔Kcl-NaCl熔体中,在Mo, Fe, Pt三种不同电极上的电极过程;还研究了在可耗铁电极上,电解制备NdFe合金的电解工艺;测定了Dy~(3+)在该熔体中的扩散系数及Dy原子在Al-Dy合金中的扩散系数。研究结果表明,Nd~(3+)在Mo电极上的反应接近于扩散控制的反应。为不可逆过程。反应是一步完成的,转移系数α为0.8。计时电位法证明,Nd同熔体具有较强烈地作用。Nd~(3+)在Fe电极上的反应二步进行。首先是Nd的析出,立即与Fe合金化生成NdFe合金。经X-射线衍射分析证明,合金组成为Nd_2Fe。由于合金化的结果,使Nd~(3+)的析出电位向正方向飘移。第二步反应是由于有大量的Nd析出,Nd向Fe电极内部的扩散已不足以使析出的Nd与Fe合金化,造成纯Nd的析出。由于Nd沉积在电极表面上,活度逐渐趋向于1,故Nd~(3+)的析出电位又向负方向飘移。由于合金化,反应的全过程为不可逆的,αn为0.55~0.65。NdFe合金电解工艺的研究表明,利用体系NdCl_3-Kcl·NaCl-LiF是合适的。LiF的加入有助于溶解电解质中的水不溶物,降低熔体的粘度。浓度和温度对合金化影响较大。深度过高,则有大量纯Nd析出。由于Nd同熔体作用强烈,对电解不利。浓度太低,则金属Na易析出导致电流效率降低。温度高,有利于合金化;但合金中Nd的含量过高且电解质挥发严重;并且Nd同熔体的作用更强烈了。控制电解温度在750~800 ℃,有利于形成合金。我们得到最佳电解工艺条件为:当温度在750~760 ℃时;电流密度在10~13安培/厘米~2;NdCl_3浓度为30%(wt)时,电流效率达最大值为56%。利用LSV和计时电位法对Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的电极过程进行研究的结果表明,Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的反应为一步生成金属的反应。反应是扩散控制的可逆过程。反应式为Dy~(3+) + 3e = Dy。利用扫描电镜进一步证实了这个结果。计时电位法测得了Dy~(3+)在该熔体中的扩散系数D与温度下的关系为LgD = 1.65 - 7376/T ± 0.34。同Nd比较,Dy同熔体的作用不很强烈。Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的电极过程很好地符合可逆反应的规律。LSV方法研究Dy~(3+)在Pt,Fe电极上的电极过程表明,Dy~(3+)在Pt电极上的反应分二步进行。第一步反应为扩散控制的可逆反应。用卷积积分计算出第一步反应的转移电子数为1。与利用扩散方程计算的结果一致。所以,Dy~(3+)在Pt电极上的反应为,Dy~(3+) + e = Dy~(2+) ,Dy~(2+) + 2e = Dy。Dy~(3+)在Fe电极上的反应为不可逆过程。反应为一步还原为金属的反应。阳极溶解伏安曲线表明,Dy在低于800 ℃不与Fe形成合金。在Fe为电极制备DyFe合金,电解温度选择在900 ℃左右为宜。利用阳极计时电位法测定了Dy在Al-Dy合金中的扩散系数。结果表明,Dy在合金内部向合金表面的扩散为阳极溶解反应的控制步骤。测得扩散系数同温度的关系为LgD = 5.81 - 10662/T ± 0.51。(700~850 ℃)扩散活化能为204.1 kJ/mole。较高的活化能说明Dy在Al-Dy合金中的扩散相当困难。

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Al-Li合金是近年发展起来的新型航空材料,具有低密度、高强度的特点。目前世界上正就如何进一步提高其断裂韧性,使Al-Li合金尽早走出实验室,获得实际用进行广泛,深入的研究。熔盐电解法就是在这种情况下发展起来的。虽然此法现在尚处于研究的初级阶段,但已以其能够在较简单的设备上制备低Na高纯Al-Li合金的特点受到广泛的重视,是一种很有前途的发展方向。针对我国的技术、设备现状,在参考国外研究结果的基础上,采用熔盐电解法制备Al-Li母合金 → 应用合金的制备方法是可以尽快赶上世界发步伐的有效途径。因此,本文作为整个熔盐电解制备Al-Li合金系统研究的一部分,针对目前在此领域中很多应用基础问题,诸如:作为新的电解体系正在探索中的LiCl-KCl-LiF三元相图,Li在液体Al阴极中的扩散系数,利用熔盐电解法制备低Na高纯Al-Li合金的热力学基础及如何克服LiCl强烈的吸水性给电解工艺带来的种种不便等均未得到系统研究的现状,设计完成了一系列有关熔盐电化学和热力学实验,填补了本领域的一些研究空白,并为进一步系统研究工艺条件提供了重要的参考数据。1.用NH_4Cl氯化Li_2CO_3的研究 根据热力学从理论上论证了在200 ℃左右下述氯化反应:Li_2CO_3 + 2NN_4Cl = 2LiCl + 2NH_3~↑ + H_2O~↑ + CO_2~↑可以进行完全。利用DSC方法测定反应产物LiCl的纯度,并用离子色谱法分析反应产物中CO_3~=的含量,结果均证明:在Li_2CO_3:NH_4Cl = 1:4 (mol)时,Li_2CO_3可以定量转化为LiCl,剩余的NH_4Cl完全分解。根据热重分析结果推测NH_4Cl氯化Li_2CO_3的反应历程为:Li_2CO_3 + 2NH_4Cl = 2LiCl + 2NH_3~↑ + H_2O~↑ + CO_2~↑ NH_4Cl = HCl~↑ + NH_3~↑ 而并非是想像中的:NH_4Cl = HCl~↑ + NH_3~↑ 2HCl + Li_2CO_3 = 2LiCl + H2O~↑ + CO_2~↑利用X-射线衍射方法分析产物,结果亦说明氯化可以成功。将1:4(mol)= Li_2CO_3:NH_4Cl混合样品在差热分析反应炉中直接加热测定反应产物LiCl的溶点,并与纯LiCl样品熔点的测定结果相比较,二者完全一致。以上结果说明:不仅可用此氯化反应产物代替LiCl应用于熔盐电解制备Al-Li合金中,而且还可将其应用于LiCl体系的相图测定中。因Li_2CO_3,NH_4Cl均不吸水,极易处理,因此以上研究结果无论对于Al-Li合金的工艺研究还是其他有关LiCl体系的基础研究都是很有价值的。2.直接氯化法制备LiCl-KCl-LiF三元相图的研究。LiCl-KCl-LiF三元相图是研究此体系电解机制的重要基础。为将以上直接氯化法应用于差热分析中制作此三元体系相图,首先用直接氯化法测定了三个已知二元LiCl体系相图:LiCl-KCl;LiCl-LiF;LiCl-NaCl。与文献结果吻合很好。说明将此法应用于差热分析中制作LiCl体系相图结果是可靠的。在LiCl-KCl-LiF三元相图的测定中共做出七个垂直截面,在各截面上读出等温条件下的相界点投影到浓度三角形中,得到等温投影图。结果说明LiCl-KCl-LiF是固态完全不互溶的三元共晶体系,共有三个液-固两相区;三个液-固-固三相区;一个液-固-固-固四相区,(三元共晶平面)和一个固-固-固三相区。四相点温度为348 ℃,其组成在三相平衡线的交点处,在实验上测出近似等于:41.4KCl + 57.3LiCl + 1.3LiF (mol)。3.氯化物体系中Li~+, Na~+析出电位的比较及其去极化作用的研究。在正常电化序中,Li~+应先于Na~+析出。但在以Al作阴极电解LiCl体系时,则由于Li~+在Al上有较强的去极化作用而提前析出。这是熔盐电解法可以制备低Na,高纯Al-Li合金的基础。本文在理论上对此问题进行了较深入的研究。具体内容包括(1)。测定Li~+, Na~+在二元氯化物体系中的析出电位。通过在Al阴极,Mo阴极上二离子析出电位的比较,确认了Li~+在Al阴极上产生很强的去极化作用是能利用电解法制备低Na高纯Al-Li合金的根本原因。并为在工艺研究中选择合适的电流密度提供了参考依据。(2).根据热力学理论推导出合金化反应产生的自由焓变化与去极化作用的关系:ΔG_x + ΔG_m = -nFΔE。揭示了产生去极化作用的原因。并根据ΔG_x(偏摩尔过剩自由焓)与合金结构的关系提出可以利用二元合金相图推测极化类型及极化大小。并根据动力学原理对温度对极化的影响提出了自己的看法。(3).求出合金化反应的热效应,认为在一定条件下亦可利用此值作为判断去极化作用大小的标准。(4).测定Li~+, Na~+在Al-Cu, -Al-RE合金上的析出电位。结果表明Cu,RE的存在均可加强Li~+在阴极上的去极化作用,进一步加大了Li~+, Na~+析出电位之间的差别,有利于制备更纯的Al-Li 使金。为直接生产Al-Cu-Li, Al-RE-Li三元母合金奠定了基础。(5)测定Li~+在不同组成配比的LiCl-KCl熔体中,在Al阴极上的析出电位,并求出LiCl的离子平均活度系数γ=0.71 (T = 740 ℃), 熔体对理想状态产生负偏离。4.利用阳极计时电位法测定T=720 ℃时Li在液体Al中的扩散系数D_(Li/Al) = 4.94 * 10~(-5)cm~2·s~(-1),与利用Stocks-Einstan公式计算出的理论值D_(Li/Al) = 4.85 * 10~(-5)cm~2·s~(-1)吻合较好。5.在上述理论研究的基础之上进行了工艺初探,所得初步结论有:(1).加入LiF可以提高电效。(2).采用电流密度为1 A/cm~2时,不加搅拌亦可制备出成份均匀,含Li量为10%(w.f)的Al-Li合金。(3).根据实验结果提出 Li在熔体中的熔解可能是影响电流效果的主要原因。

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A capillary electrophoresis microchip coupled with a confocal laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector was successfully constructed for the analysis of trace amounts of heavy metals in environmental sources. A new fluorescence dye, RBPhOH, synthesized from rhodamine B, was utilized in a glass microchip to selectively determine copper with high sensitivity. A series of factors including running buffer concentration, detection voltage, and sample loading time were optimized for maximum LIF detector response and, hence, method sensitivity.

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目的考虑到兰州电子回旋共振离子源(LECR3)实验平台个别薄弱环节可能泄漏Χ射线,给工作人员造成不必要的照射,对其辐射场Χ射线进行了测量。方法首先使用FD-71A和FJ-347A两种量程不同的便携式仪器对LECR3离子源运行中辐射场巡视一遍,找出剂量率较高的部位,确定累积测量点位,然后使用LiF(Mg,Ti)-100M热释光探测器进行累积测量。结果根据测量结果分析,仅源体尾部存在薄弱环节,泄漏出较强的Х射线。结论应采取局部屏蔽防护措施,使其剂量率达到尽可能低的水平。

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In collisions between slow F2+ ions (30 keV) and molecular targets, adenine, scattered particle production yields have been measured directly by simultaneous detection of neutrals, positive and negative ions. The relative cross-section for a negative ion formation channel was measured to be 1%. Despite a slight decrease compared to a larger target, the fullerene C-60, the measured negative ion formation cross section is still at least one order of magnitude larger than the yield in ion-atom interactions.

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Mutation of hMLH1 gene plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. A highly sensitive single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method for detection of the T1151A mutation in exon 12 of the hMLH1 gene was for the first time developed employing laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). Effects of the concentration of linear polyacrylamide solution, running temperature, running voltage and the addition of glycerol on SSCP analysis were investigated, and the optimum separation conditions were defined. Thirty colorectal cancer patients and eight lung cancer patients were screened and the T1151A mutation was found in four of them. Based on CE-sequencing the mutation was further confirmed. To our knowledge, this is for the first time that the T1151A mutation is found in lung cancer. Our method is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive and is well suited to the analysis of large numbers of clinical samples.

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The development of a method for determining arsenic species by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is described in this paper. The buffer pH, the concentration of fluorescein, the nature and the concentration of the background electrolytes (BGEs) were defined. When 2.0 mM NaHCO3 (pH 9.28) with 10(-7) M fluorescein was used as the buffer, arsenite (As(lll), dimethylarsonic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and arsenate (As(V)) were all separated from one another. The limits of detection for the four arsenic species were p p in the range of 0.12-0.54 mg/L. This method was used in the analysis of spiked arsenic species in tap and mineral water to demonstrate its usefulness. The results showed that both the recovery and the reproducibility of the developed method were acceptable.

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Based on the dimer-monomer equilibrium movement of the fluorescent dye Pyronin Y (PY), a rapid, simple, highly sensitive, label-free method for protein detection was developed by microchip electrophoresis with LIF detection. PY formed a nonfluorescent dimer induced by the premicellar aggregation of an anionic surfactant, SDS, however, the fluorescence intensity of the system increased dramatically when proteins such as BSA, bovine hemoglobin, cytochrome c, and trypsin were added to the solution due to the transition of dimer to fluorescent monomer. Furthermore, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF(4)) instead of PBS was applied as running buffers in microchip electrophoresis.

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In order to realize the common-emitter characteristics of the tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq(3))-based organic transistors, we used Au/Al double metal layer as the base, thus the vertical metal-base transistors with structure of Al/n-Si/Au/Al/Alq(3)/LiF/Al were constructed. It was found that the contact properties between the base and the organic semiconductors play an important role in the device performance. The utilization of Au/Al double layer metal base allows the devices to operate at high gain in the common-emitter and common-base mode at low operational voltage.

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We report the fabrication of permeable metal-base transistors based on bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-olato) aluminum (BAlq(3))/tri(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) isotype heterostructure as emitter layer. In this transistor, n-Si was used as the collector, LiF/Al as the emitter electrode, and Au/Al bilayer metal as the base. We show that the leakage current is greatly reduced in Al/n-Si/Au/Al/BAlq(3)/Alq(3)/LiF/Al devices with respect to Al/n-Si/Au/Al/Alq(3)/LiF/Al devices due to the utilization of BAlq(3)/Alq(3) isotype heterostructure emitter, leading to high common-base and common-emitter current gains at low driving voltages.