63 resultados para 02192258 TM-1
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采用中频感应提拉法生长了高质量的Tm:Y2SiO5(Tm:YSO)晶体,测定了晶体的晶格常数和分凝系数.运用劳厄照相法确定了单斜晶系Tm:YSO晶体的三个偏振轴〈010〉,D1和D2,在室温下测量了三个偏振轴方向的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了晶体吸收峰的吸收线宽和吸收截面.研究发现,相对于其他两个偏振轴方向,D1方向在790 nm处出现较强的吸收峰,同时在2μm附近出现了一定强度的发射峰,D1方向的吸收截面较大,荧光寿命较长.Tm:YSO晶体适用于AlGaAs二极管抽运固体激光器,在2μm波段固体激光器的应用上将有很大的发展潜力.
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采用丘克拉斯基(Czochralski)技术生长了掺铥硅酸镥(Tm∶Lu2SiO5,Tm∶LSO)晶体;测量了LSO晶体在室温下的非偏振吸收光谱和非偏振荧光光谱;利用窄得-奥菲特(Judd-Ofelt)理论计算了Tm∶LSO晶体的窄得-奥菲特强度参数、振子强度、自发辐射概率、辐射寿命、积分吸收截面和积分发射截面.Tm∶LSO晶体的强度参数为Ω2=9.1355×10-20cm2,Ω4=8.4103×10-20cm2,Ω6=1.5908×10-20cm2;Tm∶LSO晶体在1.9μm附近有明显的发射峰(3F4→3H6跃迁),相应的辐射寿命为2.03 ms,积分发射截面为5.81×10-18cm2,半峰全宽(FWHM)为250 nm.用Tm∶LSO晶体在77 K温度下实现了激光运转.利用792 nm的激光二极管(LD)作为抽运源,获得中心波长为1960 nm的激光输出,抽运阈值为2.13 kW/cm2.
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We report on a diode-pumped, cryogenic and room temperature operation of a Tm,Ho:YAlO3 (c-cut) laser. In a temperature of 77 K, an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 27% and a slope efficiency of 29% were achieved with the maximum continuous-wave (CW) output power of 5.0 W at 2.13 mu m. Acousto-optic switched operation was performed at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) from 1 kHz to 10 kHz, the highest pulse energy of 3.3 mJ in a pulse duration of 40 ns was obtained. In room temperature (RT), the maximum CW power of Tm,Ho:YAlO3 laser was 160 mW with a slope efficiency of 11% corresponding to the absorbed pump power. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.
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神农架位于湖北省西部,长江以北、汉水以南的广阔地带,属北亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域。本文依据该地区所处地理位置的植被分布规律等资料,绘制了1:20万的植被复原图。并在此基础上,运用ERDAS imagine 8.4和Maplnfoprofessional 6.0软件,分别对神农架地区的TM影像(5、4、3波段)进行监督分类及目视解译,同时结合野外的样方调查,绘制了神农架地区1:20万的植被类型图,并建立了相应的属性数据库。最后,根据野外的GPS定位点对制图精度进行了Kappa检验。 制图结果表明,制图区总面积3476.67 km2,共计504个斑块。据统计,林地面积2607.45 km2,森林覆盖率75%;山地灌丛及亚高山灌丛总面积358.62 km2,占总面积的10.3%:草甸面积156.84 km2,占4.51%。自然植被划分为10个植被型,46个群系,以及农田(包括居民点)和茶园两种农业土地利用类型。其中针叶、落叶阔叶混交林面积最大(6个群系),约908 km2,占总面积的26.12%;其它依次为落叶阔叶林(1 1个群系),针叶林(4个群系),常绿阔叶林(3个群系),山地灌丛(5个群系),常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林(3个群系),亚高山灌丛(6个群系),草甸(4个群系)以及亚高山针叶林(3个群系)等。另外,两种农业土地利用类型面积共计430 kn12,占总面积的12.37%。 植被类型图与复原图叠加分析表明:①常绿阔叶林的理论分布区域,由常绿阔叶林,常绿、落叶阔叶混交林等7种植被型以及农田(含居民点)等土地利用类型共同组成。因处低海拔区域,人口集中,所以农田(含居民点)分布最广,所占面积最大,占到该区域面积的35.28%;加上长期的人为干扰,常绿阔叶林面积缩小至48.76 krr12,占到该区域面积的13.93%;②常绿、落叶阔叶混交林的理论分布区域内,因干扰后落叶阔叶林恢复较快,逐渐占据优势。另外,该区域海拔较低,人类活动也较频繁,农田(含居民点)面积仍有相当的比例;③针阔混交林理论分布区海拔位置高,人为活动影响少,原地带性植被保存较好,分布面积最大;其余部分为落阔林等7种植被型共同组成。④针叶林理论分布区域应是以巴山冷杉林为单优种的亚高山针叶林带,但因历史上的皆伐及火烧等原因,现面积仅有17 kfr12,占该区域的19.8%,其余则为亚高山灌丛及亚高山草甸所替代。
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AIM: To study the interaction between human interleukin-16 (IL-16) and the receptor CD4 (T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). METHODS: Two structurally con served regions (SCRs) of human IL-16 were built by the SYBYL/Biopolymer module using the corresponding transmembrane (TM) domain of human interleukin-1 (HIL-4) and HIL-2 as the templates. The coordinates for amino-terminal residue sequence, carboxyl-terminal residue sequences, and cytoplasm loops were generated using Biopolymer's LOOP SEARCH algorithm. RESULTS: HIL-16 first formed a homodimer, then contacted with CD4 dimer further forming a dimeric complex. Subsequently, the dimeric complex constructed the tetrameric complex by two disulfide bridges between the cysteines of HIL-16 (Cys31-Cys31). CONCLUSION: The interaction model is useful to propose the action mechanism of HIL-16 and is beneficial for rational designing of novel anti-HIV drugs.
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AIM: To investigate the interaction between human CCR5 receptors (CCR5) and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 (HIV-1 gp120) and HIV-1 receptor CD4 antigens (CD4). METHODS: The structurally con served regions (SCR) of human CCR5 was built by the SYBYL/Biopolymer module using the corresponding transmembrane (TM) domain of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) as the template. The coordinates for amino-ter minal residue sequence, and carboxyl-terminal residue sequence, extracellular and cytoplasmic loops were generated using LOOP SEARCH algorithm. Subsequently the structural model was merged into the complex with HIV-1 gp120 and CD4. RESULTS: Human CCR5 interacted with both an HIV-1 gp120 and CD4. The N-terminal residues (especially Met1 and Gln4) of human CCR5, contacted with CD4 residues, mainly 7Nith one span (56 - 59) of CD4 in electrostatic interaction and hydrogen-bonds. The binding sites of human CCR5 were buried in a hydrophobic center surrounded by a highly basic periphery. On the other hand, direct interatomic contacts were made between ? CCR5 residues and 6 gp120 amino-acid residues, which included van der Waals contacts, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonds. CONCLUSION: The interaction model should be helpful for rational design of novel anti-HIV drugs.
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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-06-04T08:36:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dspace.cfg: 33388 bytes, checksum: ac9630d3fdb36a155287a049e8b34eb7 (MD5)
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We present a generation condition for realizing high-Q TM whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in semiconductor microcylinders. For microcylinders with symmetry or weak asymmetry vertical waveguiding, we show that TM WGMs can have a high Q factor, with the magnitude of 10(4) at the radius of the microcylinder of 1 mu m, by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The Q factor of TE WGMs is much less than that of TM WGMs in the semiconductor microcylinders due to a vertical radiation loss caused by mode coupling with the vertical propagating mode. The results open up a possible application of TM WGMs in semiconductor microcylinders for efficient current injection microlasers and single photon sources.
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We have investigated the mode characteristics for three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor microresonators by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The results show that the quality-factors (Q-factors) of TM-like modes are much larger than those of TE-like modes as the vertical waveguidng formed by semiconductor materials.
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We propose a fiber-to-waveguide coupler for side-illuminated p-i-n photodiodes to obtain high responsivity and low polarization dependence that is grown on InP substrate and is suitable for surface hybrid integration in low cost modules. The fiber-to-waveguide coupler is based on a diluted waveguide,which is composed of ten periods of undoped 120nm InP/80nm InGaAsP (1.05μm bandgap) multiple layers. Using the semi-vectorial three dimensional beam propagation method (BPM) with the central difference scheme,the coupling efficiency of fiber-to-waveguide under different conditions is simulated and studied,and the optimized conditions for fiber-to-waveguide coupling are obtained. For TE-like and TM-like modes,the calculated maximum coupling efficiency is higher than 94% and 92% ,respectively. The calculated polarization dependence is less than 0. ldB,showing good polarization independence.
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采用张应变量子阱结构,生长了光放大器材料。利用宽接触激光器TE和TM模的输出功率曲线判断并调整量子阱材料的应变量,得到了偏振灵敏度较低的光放大器结构。
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国内首次报道了LP-MOVPE法生长高质量的高、张应变交替InGaAsP多量子阱结构的研制过程及其材料的高精度X-ray双晶摇摆衍射曲线和荧光光谱特性表征。经过双腔面镀增透射膜后,其TE模与TM模自发发射谱光强差为3dBm,呈现偏振补偿特性。
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土壤有机碳是陆地生态系统的一个动态组成部分,其储量、分布及其转化在陆地碳循环中起着重要的作用,是土壤肥力的核心指标之一。土壤有机碳含量的多少及其空间分布特性受气候、母质、地形等结构性因子以及施肥、耕作等随机性因子的影响。作为陆地生态系统中的一个区域化随机变量,土壤有机碳在系统内部垂直和水平方向上发生变化的同时,参与大气圈和生物圈这两个碳库之间的循环。为了揭示土壤有机碳的空间分布特性,传统统计学、地统计学、遥感与地理信息系统等方法被相继引入且逐渐走向成熟,其中,利用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法来反演土壤有机碳库储量及其空间分布格局为越来越多的专家学者所重视。本文在对不同方法基本理论进行简单阐述的基础上,对利用Landsat TM影像分析表层土壤有机碳格局的可行性进行了分析,并就遥感技术在反演表层土壤有机碳的空间分布格局中的应用前景进行了展望。 以黑龙江省部分黑土地区为研究对象,在不同时空尺度下分析了表层土壤有机碳与Landsat TM影像的TM1-TM5、TM7六个波段以及由其计算出的NDVI、NDTI、NDI5、NDI7、NDSVI、SAVI、RDVI和MSAVI 8个遥感指数之间的相关性。结果表明当Landsat TM影像的成像时间为2002年9月份时:(1)小尺度下表层土壤有机碳与TM1极显著相关(r=0.32, p<0.01),与TM2、TM3和NDSVI显著相关(p<0.05),相关系数分别为r=0.27,r=-0.29,r=0.26。(2)大尺度下,表层土壤有机碳与TM1、TM2、TM5和NDI5存在极显著的正相关(p<0.01),相关系数分别为r=0.30,r=0.34,r=0.35,r=0.32;而与NDI7之间存在显著相关性(r=0.27, p=0.02)。(3)当空间尺度一定时,在不同的时间尺度下与表层土壤有机碳具有显著相关性的遥感指标不同。(4)在大尺度下利用遥感技术测定法得到的回归模型对表层土壤有机碳空间分布格局具有较好的预测效果(R2=0.7097, p<0.05);(5)在大尺度下海拔高于200 m的地区表层土壤有机碳浓度显著高于海拔低于200 m的地区(p<0.05)。 通过分别利用地统计方法和遥感技术测定法分析海伦市表层土壤有机碳的空间分布格局,以步长为6170m时球状模型对表层土壤有机碳进行了拟合并利用Kriging插值方法得到了海伦市表层土壤有机碳分布格局;将这一结果与我们利用Landsat TM影像通过遥感技术测定方法得到表层土壤有机碳空间格局进行比较发现:在精度一致的前提下,遥感技术测定法在所需样本数量约为地统计方法的一半,同时在所消耗的人力、物力以及在时间上的循环周期等方面,遥感技术测定方法与地统计方法相比也有着明显的优势。
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本研究从探索新的、更有效的卫星遥感影像计算机辅助分类方法着眼,从在TM影像上识别土壤类型着手,将专家系统方法应用于到卫星遥感影像计算机辅助分类领域,并作了研究的尝试。通过RSCES在试验窗口区的初步工作结果可以看出,将专家系统方法引入到计算机辅助分类领域是可行的、实用的、有价值的,同时也代表了本领域的发展方向。在研究过程中可以得出以下几点认识。(1)目视判读经验表明,计算机对遥感影像的判读将从过去的单纯利用每个像元的光谱特征,发展到一个新的阶段,即对像元的空间关系以及多种辅助信息的综合应用;分析方法也将从精确的数学模型发展到应用判断性知识不确定性知识的专家系统分析。这代表了遥感图像计算机判读的发展方向。(2)在使用专家知识的基础上,各种辅助数据,包括地形图和原有专题力数据,寻于改善判读精度可以发挥重要的作用。(3)将专家系统应用于计算机辅助判读,目前国内外虽然做了一些工作,但还处于初期阶段,正处于发展完善之中,因此,专家系统的设计和建造没有现成的方法和严格的途径可资遵循。专家系统是一门多学科的交叉科目,在系统的建造过程中,尤其需要领域专家与系统设计人员的密切配合,相互合作。