Manifestación del ethos cultural vasco ante la muerte violenta de Aitor Zabaleta

El ethos vasco se activa una vez producida la muerte cuyo detonante es el sacrificio de un miembro de la cultura vasca. A partir de aquí ésta comienza a simbolizar para reconstruirse a sí misma, ésta reconstrucción se va a producir a varios niveles de la sociedad: en el estamento deportivo, en el familiar y en el social en general. La confluencia del estudio se hará en la familia de Aitor Zabaleta.

Methodological keys for the acquisition and long-term use of photographic collections representing elements of Heritage

Contributed to: Fusion of Cultures. XXXVIII Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology – CAA2010 (Granada, Spain, Apr 6-9, 2010)

Combined Fluorescent-Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for Identification and Laser Microdissection of Interphase Chromosomes

Chromosome territories constitute the most conspicuous feature of nuclear architecture, and they exhibit non-random distribution patterns in the interphase nucleus. We observed that in cell nuclei from humans with Down Syndrome two chromosomes 21 frequently localize proximal to one another and distant from the third chromosome. To systematically investigate whether the proximally positioned chromosomes were always the same in all cells, we developed an approach consisting of sequential FISH and CISH combined with laser-microdissection of chromosomes from the interphase nucleus and followed by subsequent chromosome identification by microsatellite allele genotyping. This approach identified proximally positioned chromosomes from cultured cells, and the analysis showed that the identity of the chromosomes proximally positioned varies. However, the data suggest that there may be a tendency of the same chromosomes to be positioned close to each other in the interphase nucleus of trisomic cells. The protocol described here represents a powerful new method for genome analysis

Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events during Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage

The importance of the process of Neolithization for the genetic make-up of European populations has been hotly debated, with shifting hypotheses from a demic diffusion (DD) to a cultural diffusion (CD) model. In this regard, ancient DNA data from the Balkan Peninsula, which is an important source of information to assess the process of Neolithization in Europe, is however missing. In the present study we show genetic information on ancient populations of the South-East of Europe. We assessed mtDNA from ten sites from the current territory of Romania, spanning a time-period from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. mtDNA data from Early Neolithic farmers of the Starcevo Cris culture in Romania (Carcea, Gura Baciului and Negrilesti sites), confirm their genetic relationship with those of the LBK culture (Linienbandkeramik Kultur) in Central Europe, and they show little genetic continuity with modern European populations. On the other hand, populations of the Middle-Late Neolithic (Boian, Zau and Gumelnita cultures), supposedly a second wave of Neolithic migration from Anatolia, had a much stronger effect on the genetic heritage of the European populations. In contrast, we find a smaller contribution of Late Bronze Age migrations to the genetic composition of Europeans. Based on these findings, we propose that permeation of mtDNA lineages from a second wave of Middle-Late Neolithic migration from North-West Anatolia into the Balkan Peninsula and Central Europe represent an important contribution to the genetic shift between Early and Late Neolithic populations in Europe, and consequently to the genetic make-up of modern European populations.

Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis

Microglia are the resident brain macrophages and they have been traditionally studied as orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response during infections and disease. In addition, microglia has a more benign, less explored role as the brain professional phagocytes. Phagocytosis is a term coined from the Greek to describe the receptor-mediated engulfment and degradation of dead cells and microbes. In addition, microglia phagocytoses brain-specific cargo, such as axonal and myelin debris in spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer's disease, and supernumerary synapses in postnatal development. Common mechanisms of recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the different types of cargo are assumed, but very little is known about the shared and specific molecules involved in the phagocytosis of each target by microglia. More importantly, the functional consequences of microglial phagocytosis remain largely unexplored. Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. However, phagocytosis can also activate the respiratory burst, which produces toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phagocytosis has been traditionally studied in pathological conditions, leading to the assumption that microglia have to be activated inorder to become efficient phagocytes. Recent data, however, has shown that unchallenged microglia phagocytose apoptotic cells during development and in adult neurogenic niches, suggesting an overlooked role in brain remodeling throughout the normal lifespan. The present review will summarize the current state of the literature regarding the role of microglial phagocytosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis in health as in disease.

Role of G protein coupled inwardly rectifier K+ channels (GIRK) on the neurobiology depression

353 págs.

Gioconda Belli, un universo de mujeres

[ES] En este artículo analizaremos el devenir del universo de mujeres de Gioconda Belli, a través de la mirada de tres personajes protagonistas femeninos que se pronuncian de forma contundente sobre la vida y la estética literaria de la autora. Partiremos del análisis de Lavinia, protagonista femenina de La mujer habitada (1988) la primera novela de la autora, a continuación analizaremos el perfil de Sofia protagonista de Sofía de los presagios (1990), su segunda novela. Y por último, escudriñaremos las características de un personaje femenino que propone una nueva lectura de la mítica Juana de Castilla, protagonista de El Pergamino de la seducción (2005). Las tres figuras femeninas literarias nacen de sus propias experiencias simultaneadas por la memoria, compañera inseparable en el afianzamiento del yo y son heroínas de su propia historia

Expression and activity profiles of DPP IV/CD26 and NEP/CD10 glycoproteins in the human renal cancer are tumor-type dependent

Background: Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO). Methods: Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining. Results: The activity of both glycoproteins was sharply decreased in the three histological types of renal tumors. Protein and mRNA expression was strongly downregulated in tumors from distal nephron (ChRCC and RO). Moreover, soluble DPP IV activity positively correlated with the aggressiveness of CCRCCs (higher activities in high grade tumors). Conclusions: These results support the pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation pathways and point to these peptidases as potential diagnostic markers.

Efficient learning of decomposable models with a bounded clique size

The learning of probability distributions from data is a ubiquitous problem in the fields of Statistics and Artificial Intelligence. During the last decades several learning algorithms have been proposed to learn probability distributions based on decomposable models due to their advantageous theoretical properties. Some of these algorithms can be used to search for a maximum likelihood decomposable model with a given maximum clique size, k, which controls the complexity of the model. Unfortunately, the problem of learning a maximum likelihood decomposable model given a maximum clique size is NP-hard for k > 2. In this work, we propose a family of algorithms which approximates this problem with a computational complexity of O(k · n^2 log n) in the worst case, where n is the number of implied random variables. The structures of the decomposable models that solve the maximum likelihood problem are called maximal k-order decomposable graphs. Our proposals, called fractal trees, construct a sequence of maximal i-order decomposable graphs, for i = 2, ..., k, in k − 1 steps. At each step, the algorithms follow a divide-and-conquer strategy based on the particular features of this type of structures. Additionally, we propose a prune-and-graft procedure which transforms a maximal k-order decomposable graph into another one, increasing its likelihood. We have implemented two particular fractal tree algorithms called parallel fractal tree and sequential fractal tree. These algorithms can be considered a natural extension of Chow and Liu’s algorithm, from k = 2 to arbitrary values of k. Both algorithms have been compared against other efficient approaches in artificial and real domains, and they have shown a competitive behavior to deal with the maximum likelihood problem. Due to their low computational complexity they are especially recommended to deal with high dimensional domains.

Economic Efficiency, Environmental Effectiveness and Political Feasibility of Energy Efficiency Rebates: The Case of the Spanish Energy Efficiency 'Renove' Plan

29 p.

Coordination and crystallisation molecules: Their interactions affecting the dimensionality of metalloporphyrinic SCFs

Synthetic metalloporphyrin complexes are often used as analogues of natural systems, and they can be used for the preparation of new Solid Coordination Frameworks (SCFs). In this work, a series of six metalloporphyrinic compounds constructed from different meso substituted metalloporphyrins (phenyl, carboxyphenyl and sulfonatophenyl) have been structurally characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The compounds were classified considering the dimensionality of the crystal array, referred just to coordination bonds, into 0D, 1D and 2D compounds. This way, the structural features and relationships of those crystal structures were analyzed, in order to extract conclusions not only about the dimensionality of the networks but also about possible applications of the as-obtained compounds, focusing the interest on the interactions of coordination and crystallization molecules. These interactions provide the coordination bonds and the cohesion forces which produce SCFs with different dimensionalities.

Embedding quantum simulators

79 p.

Análisis de metodologías para el control de velocidad de motores asíncronos.

[ES]El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los diferentes métodos de control de velocidad de motores asíncronos ya que es la maquina eléctrica más importante tanto en la industria como en la vida doméstica. Primero se estudian las ventajas que ofrece este tipo de motor frente a los motores de corriente continua, como el precio o el mantenimiento. Después se estudian las metodologías convencionales. Sin embargo, este tipo de métodos no son utilizados actualmente por lo que se analizaran en profundidad los métodos de control actual: control escalar y control vectorial.

Social Media Marketing como herramienta del mix de comunicación

[ES]El presente TFG plantea un análisis de la utilización de las redes sociales dentro de la estrategia de comunicación de las organizaciones empresariales. Para ello, se estudia el contexto comunicacional actual, caracterizado por la fragmentación y dispersión de las audiencias, la saturación, la pérdida de la eficacia de la publicidad tradicional, los nuevos hábitos de consumo de medios y la explosión de la conectividad, y el papel de las distintas herramientas de comunicación en entornos digitales: página web, blog corporativo, email marketing, gestión multimedia, mobile marketing, E-commerce y Social Media Marketing. En este contexto y por su relevancia, nos centramos en el estudio de las estrategias de Social Media Marketing. Para ello abordamos las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de redes sociales, cómo efectuar la planificación de la comunicación en redes sociales (objetivos, público, contenidos, plataformas, plan de acción e indicadores), y las nuevas profesiones ligadas a su gestión. Un aspecto relevante que también se analiza es la gestión de la reputación online y las implicaciones que el uso de redes sociales tiene sobre ella, así como los protocolos de actuación ante posibles crisis derivadas de la presencia en estos canales. En las redes sociales se encuentran prácticamente todos los stakeholders de las empresas/marcas, fuente de información continua para mejorar sus negocios. Su utilización, dentro de una comunicación integral de marketing, permite fortalecer la imagen corporativa y lograr un posicionamiento claro y a largo plazo.

Ume txikien emozioak joko-jolas motorretan

[eus] Lan hau 3 urteko umeen gelan egindako ikerketa bat da, bertan, jolas tradizionalak praktikan jarriko dira eta hauek umeen emozioetan duten eragina aztertuko da. Horretarako ikerketa hau 3 fase desberdinetan planteatu dugu: lehenengo pausua, jolas tradizionalak irudien bidez zer diren azaltzea izan da; ondoren, kontinente desberdinetako jolas tradizional batzuk burutu egin ditugu; eta, jarraian, umeak sentitu dutena marrazki batean adierazi dute. Praktikatutako jardueren barne logika aztertu dugu, espazio, denbora, harremanak eta objektuak eta umeek marraztutako marrazkiekin erlazionatu ditugu.