Régimen jurídico de las lenguas y reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística en el Tratado por el que se establece una Constitución para Europa

The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

Aprendiendo idiomas. Una herramienta que facilita la acogida lingüística a la inmigración

La evolución de los movimientos poblacionales en Vitoria-Gasteiz nos ha llevado a conocer la inmigración, con ella han desembarcado nuevas necesidades acordes a este nuevo fenómeno. Entre estas, nos encontramos la lingüística, fundamental para cubrir otro tipo de necesidades de la vida cotidiana. En este ámbito trabajan diferentes entidades con el objetivo de ayudar a estas personas con el aprendizaje del euskera o castellano. Este trabajo analiza la situación en la que se encuentran dichas asociaciones y facilita, mediante la creación de una página web, información sobre dónde y cómo aprender las lenguas autóctonas a las personas recién llegadas así como el contacto entre entidades.

Perfiles lingüísticos en la nueva oficina judicial: planificación lingüística en la administración de la Administración de Justicia

[ES]La adaptación de la Administración de Justicia al estatus de doble oficialidad lingüística exige la adopción de importantes medidas estructurales y organizativas que, hasta la fecha, no han resultado suficientemente efectivas. Este trabajo profundiza en los retos que en materia de lenguas se plantean a la Administración de Justicia, sobre la base del hilo conductor del sistema de planificación lingüística diseñado por la CAPV y su análisis desde la perspectiva de la jurisprudencia más reciente.

Estudio comparado entre derecho constitucional estadounidense y francés: especial mención a la soberanía

Mediante este trabajo se han analizado los sistemas constitucionales estadounidense y francés, haciendo una especial mención a la soberanía. Se han extraido las principales características del modelo estadounidense y contraponiendo estas ideal al modelo francés se ha hecho una comparativa.

Ikasleen hizkuntza erroreak eta hutsegiteak : zuzentzeko proposamena

[Es]El presente trabajo se basa en las consultas que los profesores y profesoras de distintas asignaturas nos hacen al profesorado de lengua. Muchas veces los profesores debemos corregir no sólo el contenido de los trabajos de nuestros alumnos, sino también la lengua. La discusión no es nueva: ¿somos todos los profesores también profesores de lengua? Es un desafío del que difícilmente podemos escapar, ya que la lengua además de ser una materia de estudio también es el vehículo en el que se imparten los contenidos de todas las asignaturas. Con el presente trabajo pretendemos ayudar a los profesores que no imparten lengua como asignatura a corregir los trabajos de sus alumnos. Esta propuesta consta de tres ejes de actuación marcados por un orden de prioridad: prevenir, autocorregir y ayudar.

Representación 3D interactiva de relaciones de derivación e hiponimia en paradigmas léxicos del inglés antiguo

Participantes en el proyecto Nerthus: Javier Martín Arista (Universidad de La Rioja, Investigador principal), Laboratorio de Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio (Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU).-- Sitio web del proyecto: http://www.nerthusproject.com/

Lengua y derecho a la educación en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco : reflexiones jurídicas sobre el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo

The article analyzes the legal regime of Euskara in the education system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (capv). In the capv, the legislation recognizes the right to choose the language of study during the educational cycle. The students are separated into different classrooms based on their language preference. This system of separation (of language models) has made it possible to make great strides, although its implementation also suggests aspects which, from the perspective of a pluralistic Basque society on its way towards greater social, political and language integration, call for further reflection The general model for language planning in the capv was fashioned in the eighties as a model characterized by the guarantee of spaces of language freedom, and the educational system was charged with making the learning of the region’s autochthonous language more widespread. At this point, we already have a fair degree of evidence on which to base an analysis of the system of language models and we are in a position to conclude that perhaps the educational system was given too heavy a burden. Official studies on language performance of Basque schoolchildren show (in a way that is now fully verified) that not all the students who finish their mandatory period of schooling achieve the level of knowledge of Euskara required by the regulations. When faced with this reality, it becomes necessary for us to articulate some alternative to the current configuration of the system of language models, one that will make it possible in the future to have a Basque society that is linguistically more integrated, thereby avoiding having the knowledge or lack of knowledge of one of the official languages become a language barrier between two communities. Many sides have urged a reconsideration of the system of language models. The Basque Parliament itself has requested the Department of Education to design a new system. This article analyzes the legal foundations on which the current system is built and explores the potential avenues for legal cooperation that would make it possible to move towards a new system aimed at guaranteeing higher rates of bilingualism. The system would be sufficiently flexible so as to be able to respond to and accommodate the different sociolinguistic realities of the region.

Genero eta nazio identitateak Katalina Eleizegiren antzezlanetan

383 p. ; P.315-383: "Erauso Kateriñe" antzezlanaren edizioa dago.

Visualización interactiva de grafos con el programa Xglore

[ES] El presente manual describe el manejo de grafos de forma interactiva en el entorno 3D que proporciona el programa Xglore (http://sourceforge.net/projects/xglore/). Forma parte del proyecto “Nerthusv2: Base de datos léxica en 3D del inglés antiguo” patrocinado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (nº: FFI08-04448/FILO).