Consumo de álcool nos adolescentes do concelho de Olhão

Dissertação mest., Psicologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Padrões de distribuição e taxonomia para os porifera da região central do Algarve

Dissertação de mest., Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Avaliação da eficiência de higienização em cantinas

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Estudos de reactividade em derivados de compostos heterocíclicos

Dissertação mest., Química Orgânica, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Aguardentes de medronho

A aguardente de medronho, muitas vezes designada apenas por medronho, é um destilado que continua a ser produzida, essencialmente de forma artesanal. A sua produção, tudo indica, ter iniciado em Monchique, no século X, pelos Árabes. A qualidade deste destilado passou por fases polémicas, principalmente pela escassez de mão-de-obra. Depois de um período de investigação laboratorial e de trabalho com produtores locais, envolvendo várias Instituições da região, a qualidade da aguardente de medronho foi paulatinamente melhorando. O controlo de qualidade das aguardentes é feito, essencialmente, recorrendo a técnicas cromatografias e espetrofotométricas. Técnicas que permitem diferenciar não só a qualidade, como criar o perfil de cada tipo de aguardente. O Algarve produz também aguardente de figo, alfarroba, mel, vínica, bagaceira e desde 2009 aguardente de batata-doce de Aljezur. Podem ainda encontrar-se pequenas produções de aguardente de alperce ou de ameixa. Presentemente a grande maioria das aguardentes de medronho produzidas no Algarve apresentam os seus parâmetros de qualidade em conformidade com a legislação em vigor (regulamento (CE) nº nº110/2008 de 15 de Janeiro e Decreto-Lei nº 238/2000 de 26 de Setembro). Existindo já um vasto conjunto destas bebidas que mereciam uma diferenciação superior ao estabelecido pela atual legislação, que é ainda bastante permissiva nomeadamente em relação à acidez total, cujo máximo permitido é de 200 g/hl de álcool puro (a.p), (expresso em ácido acético), quando deveria ser de 30 ou em relação ao teor em acetato de etilo, que permite teores de 300 g/hl (a.p), quando não deveria ultrapassar 150. A aposta no envelhecimento ainda é fraca, mas com grande potencial de desenvolvimento. Em Monchique alguns produtores continuam a manter um estágio de 3 meses em pipas, essencialmente, de madeira de castanho. Noutras localidades, muito timidamente, surge um ou outro produtor a experimentar o uso de pipas de carvalho. A grande aposto dos últimos anos na região tem sido na produção de aguardentes preparadas com mel e principalmente nos licores.

Study of transcripts and reactive oxygen species involved in the defence responses of Quercus suber against Phytophthora cinnamomi

The present work has the merit of exploring an insight into the activation of defence genes of Quercus suber during response to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Thus, cDNA-AFLP methodology was used to identify gene fragments differentially present in the mRNA profiles of host cells of micropropagated Q. suber plantlets roots infected with zoospores of P. cinnamomi at different post challenge time points. Six candidate genes were selected based on their interesting cDNA-AFLP expression patterns and homology to genes known to play a role in defence. These six genes encode a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (QsCAD2), a protein disulphide isomerase (QsPDI), a CC-NBS-LRR resistance protein (QsRPc), thaumatin-like protein (QsTLP), chitinase (QsCHI) and a 1,3-beta glucanase (QsGLU). The current work has been successful in evaluation of the expression of these genes by qRT-PCR. Data analysis revealed that transcript levels of QsRPc, QsCHI, QsCAD2 and QsPDI increased during the early hours of inoculation, while transcript profiles of thaumatin-like protein showed decreasing. No expression was detected for 1,3-beta-glucanase (QsGLU). Furthermore, the choice of suitable reference genes in any new experimental system is absolutely crucial in qRT-PCR; for this reason in this study and for the first time a set of potential reference genes were analyzed and validated for qRT-PCR normalization in the patho-system Phytophthora-Q. suber. Four candidate reference genes polimerase II (QsRPII), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A(QsEIF-5A), b-tubulin (QsTUB) and a medium subunit family protein of Clathrin adaptor complexes (QsCACs) were evaluated to determine the most stable internal references in Q. suber. Analysis of stability of genes was carried out using Genex software. Results indicated all these four potential reference genes assumed stable expression. Data analysis revealed that QsRPII and QsCACs were the two most stable genes, while genes QsTUB and QsEIF-5A were the third and the fourth most stable gene, respectively. In this study, a plasmid-based quantitative PCR method was developed to measure P. cinnamomi colonization during infection process of Q. suber. Plasmid-based detection of P. cinnamomi showed a gradual accumulation of the pathogen DNA in cork oak root tips up to 24 h post infection. The higher increase in P. cinnamomi/plasmid DNA ratio occurred between 18 and 24 h. One of the primary objectives of this research was to study the effect of cinnamomins (elicitins secreted by P. cinnamomin) on inducing defence mechanism against the pathogen, as recent histological and ultra-structural studies showed that P. cinnamomi was restricted to the outer cortex root fragments pre-treated with capsicien and cryptogein, suggesting that elicitins can stimulate plant defence reactions against P. cinnamomi. To complement these studies and to have a clear view of the nature of the interaction, the role of cinnamomins in the production of the oxidative burst [ROS and ROS scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)] and in the defence responses was evaluated. Cork oak seedlings were pretreated with alpha-cinnamomin and then inoculated with P. cinnamomi mycelia. Results showed a significant higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and O2•-) in elicitin and non-elicitin treated roots in interaction with P. cinnamomi in comparison to the corresponding control. The plant group inoculated with the pathogen after cinnamomin treatment showed an earlier increase in H2O2 production but this was lower as compared with that group inoculated with P. cinnamomi alone. Also, in elicitin pre-treated group generally, a lower level of O2•− production during infection was observed as compared with inoculated roots with P. cinnamomi alone without elicitin treatment. Furthermore, in this study, we evaluated activities of antioxidant enzymes upon challenge with P. cinnamomi, with and without pretreatment with alpha cinnamomin. Results indicated that the activities of defense enzymes POD, SOD and CAT increased after P. cinnamomi inoculation when compared with those in the control group. Also, in the group treated with alpha-cinnamomin followed by P. cinnamomi inoculation, a higher level of enzymatic activities was detected as compared with elicitin non-treated group, which suggest the protective effect of alpha-cinnamomin against the pathogen due to higher elevated levels of defense enzymes POD, SOD and CAT during the infection period. Furthermore, a sensitive qPCR method was applied to measure the pathogen biomass in elicited and non-elicited Q. suber roots challenged with P. cinnamomi to elucidate the effect of cinnamomins on the colonization of P. cinnamomi. Plasmid-based quantification of P. cinnamomi showed a significant decrease in accumulation of the pathogen DNA in cork oak roots after treatment with alpha and beta-cinnamomins which attest the role of cinnamomins in promoting defense responses in cork oak against P. cinnamomi invasion.

Estudo da atividade protetora de extratos vegetais contra stresse genotóxico

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015