Effects of La2O3 on Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Clad gamma/Cr7C3/TiC Composite Coatings on TiAl Intermatallic Alloy

The effects of La2O3 addition on the microstructure and wear properties of laser clad gamma/C(r)7C(3)/TiC composite coatings on gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy substrates with NiCr-Cr3C2 precursor mixed powders have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and block-on-ring wear tests. The responding wear mechanisms are discussed in detail. The results are compared with that for composite coating without La2O3. The comparison indicates that no evident new crystallographic phases are formed except a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of the primary hard Cr7C3 and TiC carbides and the gamma/Cr7C3 eutectics distributed in the tough gamma nickel solid solution matrix. Good finishing coatings can be achieved under a proper amount of La2O3-addition and a suitable laser processing parameters. The additions of rare-earth oxide La,03 can refine and purify the microstructure of coatings, relatively decrease the volume fraction of primary blocky Cr7C3 to Cr7C3/gamma eutectics, reduce the dilution of clad material from base alloy and increase the microhardness of the coatings. When the addition of La2O3 is approximately 4 wt.%, the laser clad composite coating possesses the highest hardness and toughness. The composite coating with 4 wt.%La2O3 addition can result the best enhancement of wear resistance of about 30%. However, too less or excessive addition amount of La2O3 have no better influence on wear resistance of the composite coating.

激光形成原位TiC颗粒增强涂层的组织及性能

利用激光熔覆制备了TiC颗粒(TiC_P)增强金属基复合材料涂层，其中TiC_P为激光熔覆过程中原位形成。细小的原位TiC_P尺寸为几十至几百纳米，弥散分布于晶粒内部，并在涂层中呈密度梯度分布；高分辨电子显微镜证实TiC/涂层合金的相界面洁净，无界面反应物及非晶结构存在；涂层具有较高的显微硬度及耐磨损性能。

Eutectic MC Carbide Growth Morphologies of a Laser Clad TiC/FeAl Composite Coating

In this paper, eutectic MC carbide growth morphology and its evolution with laser scanning speed were studied comprehensively of a laser clad MC carbide reinforced FeAl intermetallic matrix composite coating. As the laser scanning speed increased, the growth morphology of eutectic MC carbide was found to be needle-aligned annulation, butterfly-like and well-developed dendrite.

Laser Melted TiC Reinforced Nickel Aluminide Matrix in situ Composites

Titanium carbide reinforced nickel aluminide matrix in situ composites were produced using a newly patented laser melting furnace. Microstructure of the laser melted TiC/(Ni3Al–NiAl) in situ composites was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the constituent phases in the laser melted in situ composites are TiC, Ni3Al and NiAl. Volume fraction of TiC and NiAl increase with increasing content of titanium and carbon. The growth morphology of the reinforcing TiC carbide has typically faceted features, indicating that the lateral growth mechanism is still predominant growth mode under rapid.

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Clad gamma/Cr7C3/Tic Composite Coatings on gamma-TiA1 Intermetallic Alloy

In order to improve the wear resistance of the gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy, microstructure, room- and high-temperature (600 degrees C) wear behaviors of laser clad gamma/Cr7C3/TiC composite coatings with different constitution of NiCr-Cr3C2 precursor-mixed powders have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), block-on-ring (room-temperature) and pin-on-disk (high-temperature) wear tests. The responding wear mechanisms are discussed in detail. Results show that microstructures of the laser clad composite coatings have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of primary hard Cr7C3 and TiC carbides and the inter-primary gamma/Cr7C3 eutectic matrix, about three to five times higher average microhardness compared with the TiAl alloy substrate. Higher wear resistance than the original TiAl alloy is achieved in the clad composite coatings under dry sliding wear conditions, which is closely related to the formation of non-equilibrium solidified reinforced Cr7C3 and TiC carbides and the positive contribution of the relatively ductile and tough gamma/Cr7C3 eutectics matrix and their stability under high-temperature exposure.

原位TiC／金属基激光熔覆涂层的微结构特征

利用激光熔覆制备了原位形成ＴｉＣ陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层，ＴｉＣ为熔覆时原位形成。颗粒细小弥散，具有内晶型及密度梯度分布特征；ＨＲＥＭ观察表明，ＴｉＣ／基体界面结构具有洁净及微晶过渡特征，无界面反应物；熔覆组织具有较高的显微硬度及耐磨性。

In situ formation by laser cladding of a TiC composite coating with a gradient distribution

An in situ method was developed to produce an Ni alloy composite coating reinforced by in situ reacted TiC particles with a gradient distribution, using one-step laser cladding with a pre-placed powder mixture on a 5CrMnMo steel substrate. Dispersed and ultra-fine TIC particles were formed in situ in the coating. Most. of the TiC particles, with a marked gradient distribution, were uniformly distributed within interdendritic regions because of the trapping effect of the advancing solid-liquid interface. In addition, the TiC-gamma-Ni interfaces generated in situ were found to be free from any deleterious surface reaction. Finally, the microhardness also showed a gradient variation, with the highest value of 1250 Hv0.2 and the wear properties of the coating were significantly enhanced.

Laser synthesizing NiAl intermetallic and TiC reinforced NiAl intermetallic matrix composite

The NiAl intermetallic layers and NiAl matrix composite layers with TiC particulate reinforcement were successfully synthesized by laser cladding with coaxial powder feeding of Ni/Al clad powder and Ni/Al + TiC powder mixture, respectively. With optimized processing parameters and powder mixture compositions, the synthesized layers were free of cracks and metallurgical bond with the substrate. The microstructure of the laser-synthesized layers was composed of 6-NiAl phase and a few gamma phases for NiAl intermetallic; unmelted TiC, dispersive fine precipitated TiC particles and refined beta-NiAl phase matrix for TiC reinforced NiAl intermetallic composite. The average microhardness was 355 HV0.1 and 538 HV0.1, respectively. Laser synthesizing and direct metal depositing offer promising approaches for producing NiAl intermetallic and TiC-reinforced NiAl metal matrix composite coatings and for fabricating NiAl intermetallic bulk structure. (C) 2004 Laser Institute of America.

Estado e imaginario tecnológico : un análisis de las reconfiguraciones en las políticas educativas nacionales de incorporación de TIC

Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de una investigación mayor que se ubica en la articulación entre las políticas educativas de incorporación de TIC y el discurso docente de nivel medio, considerando dicha articulación en el marco del imaginario tecno-comunicacional contemporáneo. Ante los procesos de internacionalización de la toma de decisiones, la hegemonía neoliberal como paradigma socio-económico y los discursos de la Sociedad de la Información, Argentina, y en general los Estados nacionales, han sido permeables a los discursos sociales que promueven la incorporación de TIC. Este trabajo, desde una perspectiva socio-discursiva, se focaliza en el nivel de las políticas educativas definidas por el Estado argentino en la última década. A partir del rastreo de líneas de sentido que atraviesan los discursos analizados, se observa una búsqueda de distanciamiento del abordaje instrumental y el desplazamiento hacia otros núcleos significantes como formación ciudadana e inclusión social.

Microstructure and high-temperature wear and oxidation resistance of laser clad gamma/W2C/TiC composite coatings on gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy

There are very strong interests in improving the high-temperature wear resistance of the y-TiAl intermetallic alloy, especially when applied as tribological moving components. In this paper, microstructure, high-temperature dry sliding wear at 600 degrees C and isothermal oxidation at 1000 degrees C on ambient air of laser clad gamma/W2C/TiC composite coatings with different constitution of Ni-Cr-W-C precursor mixed powders on TiAl alloy substrates have been investigated. The results show that microstructure of the laser fabricated composite coatings possess non-equilibrium microstructure consisting of the matrix of nickel-base solid solution gamma-NiCrAl and reinforcements of TiC, W2C and M23C6 carbides. Higher wear resistance than the original TiAl alloy is achieved in the composite coatings under high-temperature wear test conditions. However, the oxidation resistance of the laser clad gamma/W2C/TiC composite coatings is deceased. The corresponding mechanisms resulting in the above behaviors of the laser clad composite coatings are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Análise de questões relacionadas à governança, segurança, publicidade e formatos que impactam a utilização de documentos digitais em processos de contratação de serviços de TIC

A possibilidade de automação de processos de trabalho de contratação de serviços de TI na administração pública e o consequente uso de documentos digitais para registrar tais processos trazem novos desafio e incertezas que deverão ser tratadas no âmbito normativo e de boas práticas. O artigo propõe seis questões relacionadas à gestão arquivística de documentos digitais utilizados em processos de contratação de serviços de TIC. Para cada questão, foram identificados o contexto tecnológico e normativo da questão, as principais referências normativas de melhores práticas aplicáveis à questão com observações apontando lacunas relativas à aplicação e as possíveis propostas para responder à questão.

原位生成TiC粒子在快凝Al-Fe合金中变化行为的研究

通过OM，SEM和TEM等手段研究了在常规铸态以及快速凝固Al-8wt％Fe合金中原位生成TiC粒子时棚组成及显微组织的变化。同时结合利用外加法制备的常规铸态和快速凝固Al-8wt％Fe/TiC合金的娃微组织变化，得出了原位反应TiC粒子的生成及其在合金熔体中的变化行为：在常舰铸态下生成的尺寸较大的八岍体TiC颗粒在快速凝固过程中将发生全部或部分溶解，在随后的怏冷过程中将重新析出并形成细小的TiC粒子，原位生成的TiC粒子在快速凝固过程中同样可以对α-Al起到促发形核的作用。

TiC原位增强块状Cu_(47)Ti_(34)Zr_(11)Ni_8非晶合金复合材料

在电弧炉中利用吸铸法制备了直径1-4 mm的原位生成TiC和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料.DSC热分析结果表明,原位生成TiC颗粒的引入,没有影响基体合金的非晶形成能力.用OM,XRD,SEM,EDS等方法研究了复合材料的相组成、微观组织以及成分分布,结果表明,TiC颗粒作为异质形核中心促进了β-Ti枝晶的形成,形成了TiC颗粒和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料,而且β-Ti枝晶的尺寸和数量与TiC颗粒的多少以及试样的尺寸有关.室温压缩试验表明,同单相非晶合金相比,块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料提高了抗压强度及塑性.

Políticas sobre la integración de las TIC en la escuela de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

[ES]En la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca se han tomado una serie de decisiones estratégicas materializadas en diversas políticas, planes institucionales e iniciativas con el objeto de integrar, usar e innovar con TIC en las escuelas. Desde iniciativas pretéritas centradas básicamente en la dotación de infraestructuras, pasando por el perfeccionamiento del profesorado, actualmente existe un modelo que intenta unir de facto la política de infraestructura y la formación del los docentes para una utilización eficiente de las TIC. La descripción y el análisis del impacto de las mismas en el entorno escolar es el objetivo de esta investigación. En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una metodología de corte cualitativo basada en la recogida de ideas, opiniones y valoraciones de políticos, técnicos, directores de centros, así como de profesores mediante entrevistas en profundidad (N=25). Los diferentes agentes educativos entrevistados reconocen que a día de hoy el modelo propuesto que unifica lo tecnológico, lo psicopedagógico y lo organizativo adolece de falta de información eficaz y de financiación impidiendo claramente un impacto real en las escuelas.

Evaluación del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (tic) en el ámbito universitario

Este artículo dice que gracias a las TIC se abre un amplio ámbito de actuación fuera del sistema educativo no tradicional, el cual tendremos que diseñar y desarrollar desde los parámetros didácticos y formativos. En éstos nuevos espacios tecnológicos, los estudiantes y los profesores tienen que revisar sus roles y funciones para desarrollar con efectividad sus actividades y mutuamente reforzar los beneficios que se generen. Para poder tener una visión completa del impacto de las TIC en el ámbito global universitario es necesario extender éste estudio a estudiantes de diferentes años académicos, así como al conjunto de los tres Campus que constituyen la Universidad de País Vasco(UPV/EHU).