Development of Directionally Adaptive Techniques for Single Image Super-Resolution

Super Resolution problem is an inverse problem and refers to the process of producing a High resolution (HR) image, making use of one or more Low Resolution (LR) observations. It includes up sampling the image, thereby, increasing the maximum spatial frequency and removing degradations that arise during the image capture namely aliasing and blurring. The work presented in this thesis is based on learning based single image super-resolution. In learning based super-resolution algorithms, a training set or database of available HR images are used to construct the HR image of an image captured using a LR camera. In the training set, images are stored as patches or coefficients of feature representations like wavelet transform, DCT, etc. Single frame image super-resolution can be used in applications where database of HR images are available. The advantage of this method is that by skilfully creating a database of suitable training images, one can improve the quality of the super-resolved image. A new super resolution method based on wavelet transform is developed and it is better than conventional wavelet transform based methods and standard interpolation methods. Super-resolution techniques based on skewed anisotropic transform called directionlet transform are developed to convert a low resolution image which is of small size into a high resolution image of large size. Super-resolution algorithm not only increases the size, but also reduces the degradations occurred during the process of capturing image. This method outperforms the standard interpolation methods and the wavelet methods, both visually and in terms of SNR values. Artifacts like aliasing and ringing effects are also eliminated in this method. The super-resolution methods are implemented using, both critically sampled and over sampled directionlets. The conventional directionlet transform is computationally complex. Hence lifting scheme is used for implementation of directionlets. The new single image super-resolution method based on lifting scheme reduces computational complexity and thereby reduces computation time. The quality of the super resolved image depends on the type of wavelet basis used. A study is conducted to find the effect of different wavelets on the single image super-resolution method. Finally this new method implemented on grey images is extended to colour images and noisy images

Bathymetry of Lake Constance – a High-Resolution Survey in a Large, Deep Lake

Within the project “Tiefenschärfe – hochauflösende Vermes- sung Bodensee” a high-resolution seamless terrain model is created using airborne topobathymetric laserscanning and multibeam echosounder (MBES) techniques. The project visu- alizes the enormous wealth of features of underwater land- scapes of lakes. The combination of hydroacoustic (multibeam echosounder) and laser-optic (topobathymetric laserscan- ning) methods was used for the first time in a freshwater body of this size. Opportunities, limitations and restrictions of these high-resolution methods are presented.

Algorithms for super-resolution of images based on Sparse Representation and Manifolds

lmage super-resolution is defined as a class of techniques that enhance the spatial resolution of images. Super-resolution methods can be subdivided in single and multi image methods. This thesis focuses on developing algorithms based on mathematical theories for single image super­ resolution problems. lndeed, in arder to estimate an output image, we adopta mixed approach: i.e., we use both a dictionary of patches with sparsity constraints (typical of learning-based methods) and regularization terms (typical of reconstruction-based methods). Although the existing methods already per- form well, they do not take into account the geometry of the data to: regularize the solution, cluster data samples (samples are often clustered using algorithms with the Euclidean distance as a dissimilarity metric), learn dictionaries (they are often learned using PCA or K-SVD). Thus, state-of-the-art methods still suffer from shortcomings. In this work, we proposed three new methods to overcome these deficiencies. First, we developed SE-ASDS (a structure tensor based regularization term) in arder to improve the sharpness of edges. SE-ASDS achieves much better results than many state-of-the- art algorithms. Then, we proposed AGNN and GOC algorithms for determining a local subset of training samples from which a good local model can be computed for recon- structing a given input test sample, where we take into account the underlying geometry of the data. AGNN and GOC methods outperform spectral clustering, soft clustering, and geodesic distance based subset selection in most settings. Next, we proposed aSOB strategy which takes into account the geometry of the data and the dictionary size. The aSOB strategy outperforms both PCA and PGA methods. Finally, we combine all our methods in a unique algorithm, named G2SR. Our proposed G2SR algorithm shows better visual and quantitative results when compared to the results of state-of-the-art methods.

Conflict resolution strategies : influence of organizational and professional commitment nurses

Introduction: The changes in the health area and the set of structural changes in the nursing profession and career interfere in the dynamics and stability of the future of the nurses. Objectives: To study the influence of organizational and professional commitment of the nurses in the strategies of conflict resolution. Methods: This is a quantitative, transversal and non-experimental research, following a descriptive-correlational way. Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire to nurses that work on different types of Primary Health Care Units. As measuring instruments we used three scales that grouped a total of nine subscales used to evaluate: the organizational commitment, the professional commitment and the strategies of conflict resolution. Results: The majority of nurses present moderate scores of organizational and Professional commitment with higher affective commitment to the normative commitment or instrumental commitment and feel that nursing is an interesting and challenging profession, but personal and social perception of nursing relevance is moderately weak. Nurses adopt the domination conflict resolution strategies and accommodation over the head and less integrative strategies and commitment. With subordinates more nurses adopt the avoidance strategy. When the conflictual situation arises with colleagues more endow the integrative strategies and commitment and less domination strategy. The organizational and professional commitment is significantly associated with some solving strategies conflict adopted by nurses as the conflictual situation arises with the boss, with subordinates or colleagues. Some dimensions of organizational commitment and professional foretell to significantly shape the adoption of conflict resolution strategy adopted.

Violência, escola e território: intervenção educativa em contextos urbanos complexos

Na presente comunicação apresentamos parte dos resultados de um estudo de caso desenvolvido pelos autores no âmbito do Observatório de Segurança Escolar (OSE). A investigação a que nos propusemos resulta do desenvolvimento e aprofundamento de estudos que a equipa do OSE tem vindo a realizar nos últimos 6 anos (Sebastião, Campos, Alves e Merlini: 2010; Sebastião, Campos e Merlini: 2011) e justifica-se pela necessidade de análises contextualizadas da problemática de violência na escola, no sentido de contribuir para futuras estratégias e mecanismos de intervenção e prevenção sobre esta forma de violência. Tendo como ponto de partida os dados estatísticos nacionais sobre os incidentes de violência nas escolas1, procurámos compreender como os traços identificados a nível nacional se traduzem e são reconfigurados territorialmente. Em particular, saber porque é que escolas situadas em territórios com condições sociais idênticas apresentam níveis de violência e abordagens de regulação diferenciadas. Partindo de uma abordagem meso analítica do fenómeno de violência na escola, que engloba as perspetivas organizacional (Burns e Flam: 2000; Mouzelis: 2000; Torres e Palhares: 2010; Lima: 2001) e ecológica (Fuchs: 2008; Machado: 2008; Carvalho, 2010; Leal: 2010), o estudo privilegiou uma estratégia metodológica intensiva e desenvolveu-se em três territórios do Concelho de Sintra. Nesta apresentação o foco analítico incide sobre as estratégias e mecanismos acionados pelas escolas nos processos de regulação (prevenção e intervenção) das ocorrências de violência na escola, considerando a diversidade de condições contextuais e organizacionais. Ou seja, analisamos o modo como as escolas respondem aos incidentes e procuram pacificar os seus quotidianos e as condições em que o fazem. Tendo em conta as possibilidades de ação encontradas, identificámos um conjunto de fatores significativos nos processos de regulação da violência, entre os quais destacamos: as lideranças e práticas organizacionais; as orientações para a intervenção e a importância da priorização da violência e os instrumentos para intervir, como a constituição de gabinetes de mediação de conflitos. Face às condições para agir, verificámos que as escolas demonstram ter margem para adequar, planear e implementar estratégias de resposta, adotando modalidades de resolução da conflitualidade/violência, diversificadas, independentemente desta ter origem, ou não, em condições externas à escola.

Análise de risco em sequenciamento de actividades com restrições de recursos

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Área de Especialização em Sistemas e Planeamento Industrial.

Mediação Penal Juvenil: um novo paradigma de resposta à delinquência

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário (Direitos Processuais e Organização Judiciária)

Resolução multivariada de curvas com mínimos quadrados alternantes: descrição, funcionamento e aplicações

Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) is a resolution method that has been efficiently applied in many different fields, such as process analysis, environmental data and, more recently, hyperspectral image analysis. When applied to second order data (or to three-way data) arrays, recovery of the underlying basis vectors in both measurement orders (i.e. signal and concentration orders) from the data matrix can be achieved without ambiguities if the trilinear model constraint is considered during the ALS optimization. This work summarizes different protocols of MCR-ALS application, presenting a case study: near-infrared image spectroscopy.

Mining in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sustainability Challenges

Mining has severe impacts on its surrounding. Particularly in the developing countries it has degraded the environment and signigicantly altered the socio-economical dynamics of the hosts. Especially relocation disrupts people from their homes, livelihoods, cultures and social activities. Mining industry has failed to develop the local host and streghten its governance structures; instead it has further degraded the development of mineral rich third world countries, which are among the world poorest ones. Cash flows derived from mining companies have not benefitted the crass-root level that however, bears most of the detrimental impacts. Especially if the governance structure of the host is weak, the sudden wealth is likely to accelerate disparities, corruption and even fuel wars. Environmental degradation, miscommunication, mistrust and disputes over land use have created conflicts between the communities and a mining company in Obuasi, Ghana; a case study of this thesis. The disputes are deeply rooted and further fuelled by unrealistic expectations and broken promises. The relations with artisanal and illegal miners have been especially troublesome. Illegal activities, mainly encroachment of the land and assets of the mine, such as vandalising tailings pipes have resulted in profits losses, environmental degradation and security hazards. All challenges mentioned above have to be addressed locally with site-specific solutions. It is vital to increase two-way communication, initiate collaboration and build capacity of the stakeholders such as local communities, NGOs and governance authorities. The locals must be engaged to create livelihood opportunities that are designed with and for them. Capacity can also be strengthened through education and skills training, such as women’s literacy programs. In order to diminish the overdependence of locals to the mine, the activities have to be self -sufficient and able to survive without external financial and managerial inputs. Additionally adequate and fair compensation practises and dispute resolution methods that are understood and accepted by all parties have to be agreed on as early as possible.

A crise bancária irlandesa de 2008-2011

A Irlanda é um país que décadas anteriores chegou a ser chamado de “O Tigre Celta”, devido a seu crescimento econômico expressivo. Após a crise financeira mundial e a ruptura de uma bolha imobiliária, entrou em grande recessão, com um sistema bancário insolvente, a ponto da necessidade de intervenção de organizações financeiras mundiais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a crise do setor bancário irlandês de 2008 a 2011. A dissertação analisa a origem da crise, os métodos de solução e seu custo social.

A constitucionalização da solução pacífica de conflitos na ordem jurídica de 1988

In the Brazilian legal context, conflict resolution is studied and analyzed over a majority jurisdictional view, which is one of the reasons of litigation culture that creates a jurisdictional resolution hopeness. The practical impact of such reality is the loss of quality in the public service of the judicial function, moved, as a rule, by the overcrowdings, slowness of legal procedures and the relegation of peaceful resolution methods to peripheral plan. However, the Federal Constitution of 1988, following the Ordinary Law constitutionalization phenomenon provides specific guidance about the values towards the litigation resolution. The study, therefore, aims to approach the constitutionalization of conflict resolution in order to identify, through scientific and spiritual interpretation in conjunction with the systematic paradigm, what are these values, as well as operation and legal representation and practice of these measurements. In this sense, the thesis is to study the initial point of the analysis of conflict theories and explanations about the culture of litigation matched with concepts of creation and interpretation, constitutionalization, access to justice and social pacification public policies. It is used for this purpose, the logical-deductive method with the aid of the dialectic immanent in Law

Sedenions Cayley-dickson e dilatação de funções k-quaseconformes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da estabilidade do método das linhas usando a dinâmica de um cabo flexível

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo e aplicação de diferentes métodos de resolução para problemas dinâmicos não-lineares em presença de atrito

The friction phenomena is present in mechanical systems with two surfaces that are in contact, which can cause serious damage to structures. Your understanding in many dynamic problems became the target of research due to its nonlinear behavior. It is necessary to know and thoroughly study each existing friction model found in the literature and nonlinear methods to define what will be the most appropriate to the problem in question. One of the most famous friction model is the Coulomb Friction, which is considered in the studied problems in the French research center Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures et des Systèmes Couplés (LMSSC), where this search began. Regarding the resolution methods, the Harmonic Balance Method is generally used. To expand the knowledge about the friction models and the nonlinear methods, a study was carried out to identify and study potential methodologies that can be applied in the existing research lines in LMSSC and then obtain better final results. The identified friction models are divided into static and dynamic. Static models can be Classical Models, Karnopp Model and Armstrong Model. The dynamic models are Dahl Model, Bliman and Sorine Model and LuGre Model. Concerning about nonlinear methods, we study the Temporal Methods and Approximate Methods. The friction models analyzed with the help of Matlab software are verified from studies in the literature demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed programming

Octamer-based genome scanning distinguishes a unique subpopulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in cattle

Multilocus-genotyping methods have shown that Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a geographically disseminated clone. However, high-resolution methods such as pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrate significant genomic diversity among different isolates. To assess the genetic relationship of human and bovine isolates of E. coli O157:H7 in detail, we have developed an octamer-based genome-scanning methodology, which compares the distance between over-represented, strand-biased octamers that occur in the genome. Comparison of octamer-based genome-scanning products derived from >1 megabase of the genome demonstrated the existence of two distinct lineages of E. coli O157:H7 that are disseminated within the United States. Human and bovine isolates are nonrandomly distributed among the lineages, suggesting that one of these lineages may be less virulent for humans or may not be efficiently transmitted to humans from bovine sources. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with lambdoid phage genomes indicates that phage-mediated events are associated with divergence of the lineages, thereby providing one explanation for the degree of diversity that is observed among E. coli O157:H7 by other molecular-fingerprinting methods.