Preliminary note on the biochemical composition of meat of dai (Chirocentrus spp) and kati (Opisthopterus spp)

Studies were taken up biochemical composition of Chirocentrus dorab and Opisthopterus sp. The seasonal changes, yield of mince and energy value of the meat were also reported.

Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition of the clam Tellina angulata from Bombay

Change in the proximate composition and energy value of Tellina angulata from Bombay were studied for a period of 15 months. Irrespective of sex protein as percentage at dry weight ranged from 39.04 to 75.72, carbohydrate 4.83 to 24. 89, lipid 7.41 to 19.81, carbon 21.99 to 39.89 and ash 4.01 to 27.56. Sexwise protein and lipid were maximum in male and carbohydrate in female. Seasonal variation in the proximate composition of the species was well defined.

Biochemical composition of zooplankton from the northern Arabian Sea

Zooplankton standing crop and proximate principals were estimated for 8 coastal and 13 oceanic stations of the northern Arabian Sea during March 1991. Biomass did not show any significant difference (p < 0.05) between coastal and oceanic waters. Protein was the principal biochemical component among proximate principals with an average value of 29.6% in coastal and 34.2% in the oceanic zone, suggesting that protein form a major metabolic reserve. Other components such as lipids and carbohydrate seem to be low in tropical zooplankton. The organic carbon and caloric density did not show significant correlation. Average caloric density was 2.5 k.cal super(-1). The average standing stock was 9.25 mg m super(-3) and 5.90 mg m super(-3) for coastal and oceanic water, respectively. Coastal region is more productive than oceanic region in terms of standing crop, as expected.

Studies on the biochemical composition of some freshwater fishes. Pt. 1. Muscle

Twenty five different species belonging to 16 genera of freshwater fishes were analysed for protein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, phosphorus, calcium and total iron content in their muscle. Calorific value for protein, fat and carbohydrate fractions and total calories for each species were also calculated.

Studies on the biochemical composition of some freshwater fishes. Pt. 2. Liver

Although considerable work has been done on the composition of fish liver oils, most of which includes the study of various vitamins and fatty acids, little attention has been paid towards the composition of fish liver as a whole.

Studies on the biochemical composition of some freshwater fishes. Pt. 3. Ovary

Biochemical composition of the spent ovaries of 23 different species of freshwater fishes showed a much lower value for protein and fat with higher moisture content than those of the ripe eggs, suggesting an inverse relationship between fat and moisture. Ovaries during the recovering phase showed fairly high values of phosphorus, but lower than those for the ripe eggs. Higher values of calcium and iron in spent ovaries than those in ripe eggs probably suggest that there is a greater requirement of calcium and iron during the spent phase of the gonads.

Studies on the biochemical composition of some freshwater fishes. Pt. 1. Muscle

Twenty five different species belonging to l6 genera of freshwater fishes were analyzed for protein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, phosphorus, calcium and total iron content in their muscle. Calorific value for protein, fat and carbohydrate actions and total calories for each species were also calculated.

Biochemical composition of the muscle of some freshwater fishes during the pre-maturity phase

Biochemical composition of the muscle of juveniles belonging to 18 different species of freshwater fishes showed that the protein percentage in juveniles was higher than the adults. The fat, on the other hand, was much lower. This suggests that the body fat increases with the onset of maturity. No clear inverse relationship was found between fat and protein in juveniles. Moisture percentage was very high in juveniles. This was probably because of low fat content. In most species the sum of fat and water contents (F + W) was found to be constant. The percentages of ash, calcium and phosphorus were higher in juveniles than those of adults. Dry matter percentage varied inversely with the moisture and in most species carbohydrate was generally low. In juveniles although the calorific value of protein-fraction was high the total calorific value was lower than the adults.

Effect of lykamin on growth and biochemical composition of long whiskered catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton) fingerlings under laboratory conditions

A growth trial was conducted to test the effect of Lykamin (dietary supplement) on growth, survival and feed conversion in Mystus gulio. Four isoproteic diets were formulated by incorporating the growth promoter, Lykamin at the levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% diet. The crude protein content was 30% in each diet. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of catfish fingerlings twice daily at a level of 5% of the total body weight for 120 days. Regular fortnightly sampling was done to evaluate the growth performance of the experimental animals. Water quality parameters during the experimental period were maintained within the range suitable for catfish. The results showed better specific growth rate, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio in the group which was given 0.75% Lykamin diet.

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of liver in Garra mullya (Sykes)

Seasonal changes taking place in the biochemical constituents of liver of G. mullya are reported. An inverse relationship was noticed in the variation of fat and water. Maximum fat contents were observed during june-july. Reserve fat was utilized through gluconeogenesis during the spawning months. Protein and glycogen percentages were comparatively higher in liver than in the muscles and gonads. Decline in the glycogen content was associated with spawning during July to November. Nutritive values have shown more energy contents in the liver during pre-spawning months.

Effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Marked changes were observed in different chemical constituents of C. batrachus during starvation. The N and protein fractions showed a definite pattern of variations. The highest values of these were recorded on 10th day of starvation and thereafter values declined gradually. On the other hand, the acid soluble phosphorus exhibited a reverse trend, increasing gradually from the first to the 30th day of starvation. These changes have been attributed mainly to the energy and metabolic demands of the starving fish.

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovary in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovary in H. fossilis are reported. An inverse relationship was noted in fat and water contents. Maximum fat was observed in June and lowest in December. Protein and ash were generally low during winter and high during summer or monsoon months. Variations in the cholesterol content were more or less identical to those of the fat.

Impacts of elevated CO2 concentration on biochemical composition, carbonic anhydrase, and nitrate reductase activity of freshwater green algae

To investigate the biochemical response of freshwater green algae to elevated CO2 concentrations, Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang cells were cultured at different CO2 concentrations within the range 3-186 μ mol/L and the biochemical composition, carbonic anhydrase (CA), and nitrate reductase activities of the cells were investigated. Chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, carbonhydrate, and protein contents were enhanced to varying extents with increasing CO2 concentration from 3-186 μ mol/L. The CO2 enrichment significantly increased the Chl a/Chl b ratio in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, but not in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The CO2 concentration had significant effects on CA and nitrate reductase activity. Elevating CO2 concentration to 186 μ mol/L caused a decline in intracellular and extracellullar CA activity. Nitrate reductase activity, under either light or dark conditions, in C. reinhardtii and C. pyrenoidosa was also significantly decreased with CO2 enrichment. From this study, it can be concluded that CO2 enrichment can affect biochemical composition, CA, and nitrate reductase activity, and that the biochemical response was species dependent.