993 resultados para TP Tecnología Química
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Despite the recent synthesis and identification of a diverse set of new nanophotocatalysts that has exploded recently, titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains among the most promising photocatalysts because it is inexpensive, non-corrosive, environmentally friendly, and stable under a wide range of conditions. TiO2 has shown excellent promise for solar cell applications and for remediation of chemical pollutants and toxins. Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous development of nanophotocatalysts for a variety of industrial applications (i.e. for water purification and reuse, disinfection of water matrices, air purification, deodorization, sterilization of soils). This paper details traditional and new industrial routes for the preparation of nanophotocatalysts and the characterization techniques used to understand the physical chemical properties of them, like surface area, ζ potential, crystal size, and phase crystallographic, morphology, and optical transparency. Finally we present some applications of the industrial nanophotocatalysts.
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The presence of sulfates potentialize damage on cementbased materials, leading to structural failures. Therefore, structures must be designed to compensate for this effect. The mechanical properties of cement–chitin mixtures are investigated with different percentages of chitin (0.5, 1.3, and 2.1 wt.%) and aging of composite in a joint nanoscopic- and macroscopic-scale by experimental study. The objective is to increase the durability of concrete elements at coastal aquifers where concrete structures are in constant exposure to sulfate ions, chloride ions among others. Tapping mode AFM was used to characterize the surface structure and roughness of the cement pastes. To verify the chitin addition and the formation of sulfate-based aggregates Raman and IR spectra were recorded and are presented in this work. Then, force spectroscopy was used to obtain the nanomechanical properties at three different exposure times (1 day, 6 months, and 1 year) into water or a SO4 2 environment. Macroscopic parameters (e.g., compression strength of cylindrical probes) were assessed for comparison following standard guidelines. The results show a decrease of its mechanical properties as a function of the polymer concentration but more importantly, they correlate the elasticity and adhesion at the nanoscale with the behavior of the bulk material.
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Norflurazon (4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3- trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one; C12H9ClF3N3O) is an excellent weed controlling agent being practiced in the agricultural lands. The excessive addition or the undissolved Norflurazon (maximum solubility 28 mg/L at 25 C) enters into the aquatic environment and causes the adverse effects associated with its high concentration. To avoid the perilous effects, visible light assisted photocatalysis set-up coupled with the 42 kHz ultrasound producing bath type sonicator is used to completely mineralize the Norflurazon. TiO2, ZnO and gold loaded zinc oxide nanocatalysts were utilized to study the mineralization of Norflurazon. AueZnO shows the greater efficiency for the sonophotocatalytic removal of Norflurazon among the various nanocatalysts employed to study the mineralization. The order of Norflurazon mineralization was sonophotocatalysis > sonocatalysis > photocatalysis. The additive effect was achieved for the sonophotocatalytic degradation. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LCMS) analyses were employed to identify the various intermediates produced during the mineralization. The identification of four pseudo molecular ions and various intermediates using the LCMS analysis evidently suggests the sonophotocatalytic degradation was preceded in various decay pathways. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for the sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon
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Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal describir la construcción narrativa de las políticas públicas sobre tecnologías de la información en el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos en los años 2012 y 2013 en la prensa de referencia en Colombia, específicamente en El Espectador y El Tiempo. Para alcanzar este objetivo la pregunta que se planteo fue ¿cómo está conformada la construcción narrativa del discurso de políticas públicas en la prensa sobre tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones? En consiguiente se hizo una organización de información referente al objeto de estudio, a través de un método de investigación empleado por Mary Jane Spink llamado líneas narrativas. El cual le permitió a la investigación la identificación de relatos, en donde se estudia la narrativa de una política TIC emergente y da como resultado líneas narrativas.
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Crédito interdisciplinar de ciencias experimentales y tecnología, para educación secundaria obligatoria. A partir del estudio de tres materiales de nuestro entorno (metales, combustibles y plásticos) se introducen conceptos, teorías, modelos, terminología y simbolismo científico, de forma natural, como consecuencia de sus aplicaciones prácticas y usos. Así se pretende un estudio más gratificante. Se propone el uso de materiales de laboratorio y la planificación de experimentos. Se ofrece una parte de diseño previo para el profesor y otra de material didáctico para el alumnado.
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The project of this Ph.D. thesis is based on a co-supervised collaboration between Università di Bologna, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM (Italy) and Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València ITQ-UPV (Spain). This Ph.D. thesis is about the synthesis, characterization and catalytic testing of complex mixed-oxide catalysts mainly related to the family of Hexagonal Tungsten Bronzes (HTBs). These materials have been little explored as catalysts, although they have a great potential as multifunctional materials. Their peculiar acid properties can be coupled to other functionalities (e.g. redox sites) by isomorphous substitution of tungsten atoms with other transition metals such as vanadium, niobium and molybdenum. In this PhD thesis, it was demonstrated how it is possible to prepare substituted-HTBs by hydrothermal synthesis; these mixed-oxide were fully characterize by a number of physicochemical techniques such as XPS, HR-TEM, XAS etc. They were also used as catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid; this reaction might represent a viable chemical route to solve the important issue related to the co-production of glycerin along the biodiesel production chain. Acrylic acid yields as high as 51% were obtained and important structure-reactivity correlations were proved to govern the catalytic performance; only fine tuning of acid and redox properties as well as the in-framework presence of vanadium are fundamental to achieve noteworthy yields into the acid monomer. The overall results reported herein might represent an important contribution for future applications of HTBs in catalysis as well as a general guideline for a multifaceted approach for their physicochemical characterization.
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Primer premio de la primera edición de Premios a la Elaboración de Materiales de Estudio sobre la Región de Murcia en la modalidad de Bachillerato.
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Resumen de la revista ampliado
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Se estudian los estilos de prosa científica y el enfoque ciencia-tecnología-sociedad en textos de química de los cursos básicos universitarios en Venezuela, usando técnicas de análisis de contenido. Se encuentra que el estilo de prosa más utilizado es el conocimiento en ciencia y que se da poca importancia al enfoque ciencia-tecnología-sociedad.
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Resumen basado en el de la publicación
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El proyecto se ha realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Burgos, por 16 profesores de las Areas de Concimiento de Química Orgánica, Química Inorgánica y Química Física, y tiene por objetivo aplicar la nueva tecnología del diseño asistido por ordenador a la enseñanza de la Química. Se han recopilado en un ordenador portátil una serie de materiales consistentes en: un programa de diseño y cálculo molecular, una base de datos cristalografíca, un simulador de resonancia magnética nuclear y diversos programas de visualización molecular y manipulación de estructuras. Con ellos y un sistema de proyección se han introducido en el aula a cada nivel herramientas de manejo y cálculo molecular que facilitan el aprendizaje de los alumnos en cuanto a conceptos fundamentales de als asignaturas de Química de segunda ciclo.
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Se analiza el desinterés de los estudiantes de Secundaria hacia las ciencias, en especial para las asignaturas de Física y Química y Tecnología. Una de las causas que motivan esta situación se debe a que el alumnado considera las asignaturas como aburrida. Por ello se plantea la conveniencia de una metodología basada en el empleo de una ciencia creativa, que utilice juegos y juguetes como material de aprendizaje. El estudio se apoya en una investigación que analiza los libros de texto y los resultados obtenidos de cuestionarios realizados a profesores y alumnos.