Recursos no processo penal

Consultoria Legislativa - ��rea II - Direito Civil e Processual Civil, Direito Penal e Processual Penal, de Fam��lia, do Autor, de Sucess��es, Internacional Privado.

Da valora����o de grava����es e fotografias obtidas por particulares no processo penal

Recordings and photographs obtained by private individuals can be two of the most relevant evidences in helping finding the truth; however, they can also conflict with fundamental rights such as privacy, spoken word or image of the targets. It is not enough that only the violation of the right to privacy is withdrawn because rights to spoken word or image, unattached from the first one, show up independently as the main violated rights and are criminally protected in article 199�� of the criminal code. Its use as evidence is, on a first moment, dependent on the private's conduct lawfulness, as it is stated in article 167�� of the criminal procedure code. In order to consider its lawfulness, and accept its use as evidence, portuguese higher courts have been defending constructions mostly based on legal causes of defense. Although agreeing with a more flexible position of weighing all the interests at stake instead of denying its use as evidence, we believe notwithstanding that some of these solutions are misleading and shall not be spared from critics. Lastly, even if we reach a positive conclusion about the lawfulness of obtaining and using recordings and photogtaphs carried out to court by private individuals, they must not be however automatically admitted as evidence, still being necessary to proceed to a separate weighting, within the criminal procedure and its own legal rules, about their real purposes in the case.

As 'conversas informais' extraprocessuais como meio de prova em processo penal

In the present thesis, we examine the approach to the so-called ���informal conversations���, especially between a suspect or defendant and criminal police authorities. Our goal is to understand if criminal police authorities are allowed to testify about the content of these conversations, revealing facts that the suspect or defendant may have shared with them, as well as about evidence that they may have acquired through these statements. Firstly, we briefly present the notion of ���informal conversations��� and the great variety of situations they may encompass: intra or extra-procedural; prior or subsequent to someone acquires the status of defendant. Secondly, we analyse some of the principles and rules that are involved in this controversial issue: principles concerning the procedural structure, organization and dynamic; principles concerning the production and assessment of evidence in the trial hearing; principles concerning the prosecution and the powers of criminal police authorities; the procedural status of the defendant; the rules concerning the reading of statements in the trial hearing; the rules concerning hearsay testimonies. Thirdly, we go through the great amount of case law on the so-called ���informal conversations��� and related matters, analysing the most relevant cases and the arguments that sustain them, as well as the legal literature. Our goal is to understand the evolution, throughout the last two decades, of the different opinions regarding the approach to the various situations in which ���informal conversations��� may occur and in which the admissibility of a testimony by criminal police authorities is questioned. Finally, we defend a different approach for testimonies by criminal police authorities prior and subsequent to someone acquiring the status of defendant. We see the moment when someone acquires the status of defendant as a border area in the admissibility of ���informal conversations���, because from then on the statements have to be collected and assessed according to the law, so all the other conversations (or any other evidence) collected informally are irrelevant. As to the specific case of the testimony about the re-enactment of the crime, given the high degree of difficulty in separating the defendant���s contributions that may be considered essential and those that may be considered less useful, but still relevant, we support the qualification of the defendant���s contributions as inseparable from the re-enactment, allowing it to be replicated and assessed in the trial hearing with no restrictions.

O processo sum��rio e a reforma do C��digo do Processo Penal de 2013

The present work aims to develop the theme "The summary procedure and the reform of 2013". The purpose of its analysis serves the interest to understand the virtues and disadvantages of the changes introduced by Act n.�� 20/2013 to our Code of Criminal Procedure, and the main focus of the present reflection is to further the impact of the measures taken by the legislator to the summary proceedings. The opening of the most serious crimes to summary procedure is a reform measure duly highlighted because it is a true innovation in the Portuguese penal system. Therefore, it urges to analyse not only the consequences of this measure, as well as if the objectives of its introduction in the summary procedure system are met. It should be noted that the legislator intends to promote speedy trial, and at the same time, ensure compliance with the Constitutional rights associated to the accused. At this point it is important to realize if there is a restriction of the accused essential guarantees. On the other hand, it should be noted that the typical characteristics of summary proceedings might have been invariably modified, due to the innovative aspect of the reform. That said, the changes might have fostered a mischaracterization of the typical format of the summary procedure, both in terms of the nature of the proceedings and in terms of its space and objectives within the penal system. Reflecting on the above will provide a deeper understanding of the volatile balance between the Portuguese governing prosecution efficiency and the Constitution, as well as the future of the criminal policy in Portugal.

A presun����o de inoc��ncia nas fases preliminares do processo penal

This study analyses the principle of presumption of innocence in the preliminary stages of the Portuguese criminal process, its procedural aspect related with the principle of in dubio pro reo and its material aspect concerning the treatment of the defendant during the proceedings. The consequences and manifestations of the principle of presumption of innocence are analysed in the decisions of the closing stages of the preliminary criminal procedure and the application of the principle of in dubio pro reo is analysed in the judgement of sufficiency of evidence for the procedure to continue. It addresses the question of circumstantial evidence, its particular relevance in economic and financial crime, highly organized crime, the grounds for the indictment in general and when the sufficiency of evidence criteria is based on that evidence. It analyses the scope of the principle of presumption of innocence in the application of coercive measures, with reference to the arrest, first interrogation of the accused under detention and reasons for the subsequent dispatch about the measures. The asset assurance measures of preventive seizure and the preventive seizure to ensure confiscation are analysed and principle of presumption of innocence is considered non applicable to those measures.

"A testemunha-v��tima e o dieito de recusa de depoimento, no C��digo de Processo Penal

Study of the problems involved in the application of the right of refusal to testify (Article 134. �� CPP) to criminal charges of domestic violence, namely in situations of violence between spouses. Drawing attention, to some of the contingencies of the exercise of the right of refusal in such proceedings, a matter never before examined under Portuguese law, and also to the need to reconsider, based on the North American experience, the application of the law in these cases.

As declara����es do arguido e a estrutura acusat��ria do processo penal portugu��s

Changes to the rules concerning the admissibility of statements read in trial, previously provided by the defendant, despite its apparent simplicity, undermine the criminal procedural architecture projected from the constitutional structure accusatory criminal procedure. The principle that in judging only can be valued the evidence produced before the judge gives rise the production of evidence by the prosecution in the investigation phase.

Provas il��citas no processo penal

Prova �� o meio pelo qual as partes buscam esclarecer os fatos apresentados ao Juiz em uma lide. A utiliza����o da prova �� vedada quando �� produzida em contrariedade a normas do direito material ou processual, podendo ser il��cita ou ileg��tima, respectivamente. Il��citas s��o aquelas que violam normas de direito material e ileg��timas as que violam regras de direito processual. A respeito da admissibilidade das provas il��citas, existem tr��s correntes doutrin��rias. A primeira as admite, desde que punido aquele que as produziu. A segunda, n��o as admite por tratar-se de infra����o �� constitui����o. A terceira, busca a solu����o atrav��s do princ��pio da proporcionalidade, segundo o qual se deve sopesar o direito fundamental a ser protegido e os interesses da sociedade. Ainda que il��cita, pode a prova ser utilizada se for favor��vel ao r��u, quando podem aplicar-se as excludentes de ilicitude do C��digo Penal. Se a senten��a condenat��ria se baseou em provas il��citas, ap��s o tr��nsito em julgado o r��u pode utilizar-se de revis��o criminal ou do habeas corpus. S��o meios il��citos de obten����o de provas: viola����o de domic��lio, confiss��o obtida mediante tortura,viola����o da intimidade pela imprensa e intercepta����es clandestinas. O Juiz pode autorizar intercepta����es telef��nicas sempre que houver ind��cios de autoria ou participa����o em infra����o penal, desde que n��o haja outro meio de se produzir a mesma prova e o fato for pun��vel com reclus��o. Em tese, todas as provas colhidas por meio de intercepta����o e escuta telef��nicas realizadas antes da lei 9296/96, que regulou o assunto, seriam il��citas por falta de fundamento.

Das provas Il��citas no processo penal

Quest��o pol��mica �� a da admissibilidade das provas colhidas ilicitamente, especialmente no ��mbito penal.De um lado a prote����o das Liberdades P��blicas, o direito �� intimidade, da dignidade da pessoa humana.De outro o poder-dever do Estado de exercitar o jus puniendi em desfavor do criminoso, buscando manter a harmonia social.Tamb��m s��o contrastes o direito �� prova, a verdade real do processo penal e os limites ��ticos impostos pela atual concep����o de dignidade da pessoa humana.Nesse contexto de valores constantes merece destaque a teoria da proporcionalidade que visa sopesar os valores em jogo e proteger valores mais relevantes do que aqueles infringidos na colheita da prova e tamb��m constitucionalmente protegidos.Como forma de assegurar a aplica����o da inadmissibilidade da prova il��cita tem-se a teoria dos frutos da ��rvore envenenada, de origem estadunidense, visa inadmitir no processo penal as provas derivadas das provas obtidas ilicitamente.Adotou a estrat��gia de frisar as exce����es no pa��s de origem para demostrar que a mitiga����o �� ponto crucial para aplica����o dessa teoria.O trabalho se deslinda levando em conta a id��ia de prote����o das garantias e direitos individuais do cidad��o sem desconsiderar que o Estado deve manter a harmonia social, e que a sociedade �� t��o merecedora de prote����o quanto o indiv��duo.

O R��u sem rosto: a import��ncia da audi��ncia de cust��dia no processo penal sob a ��tica da economia comportamental

Neste artigo s��o discutidas formas de promover a melhoria da pol��tica p��blica prisional brasileira especialmente no que tange o preso provis��rio, com enfoque nas contribui����es que a economia comportamental pode fornecer ao direito. A quest��o central do debate �� como o modelo processual atualmente adotado n��o cria um ambiente favor��vel �� liberdade, na medida em que n��o promove o di��logo entre o acusado e seu julgador. Os estudos econ��micos, assim, podem nos fornecer importantes li����es de como reverter a curva ascendente do n��mero de presos provis��rios no pa��s e o impacto da institui����o da audi��ncia de cust��dia no processo penal brasileiro.

Aperfei��oamento da pol��tica p��blica penal no Brasil : a inser����o da audi��ncia de cust��dia no processo penal

Neste exerc��cio s��o discutidas formas de empreender mudan��as em pol��ticas p��blicas, focando especialmente no estudo da pol��tica prisional brasileira. O que �� central no debate proposto �� a viabilidade da inser����o de audi��ncia a ser realizada imediatamente ap��s a pris��o de um indiv��duo, a audi��ncia de cust��dia, que possibilitar�� o encontro entre a pessoa presa e o juiz. O ator promotor da mudan��a, o Instituto de Defesa do Direito de Defesa ��� IDDD apregoa como resultado mecanismos de preven����o e combate �� tortura e um efetivo controle judicial da deten����o. Subsequente a esse argumento, o Instituto �� enquadrado como figura influente no papel de grupo de press��o pela mudan��a na pol��tica p��blica prisional por meio da defesa da audi��ncia de cust��dia.

An��lise da adequa����o do regime das medidas cautelares pessoais do processo penal �� constitui����o

Pretende-se analisar a adequa����o do regime das medidas cautelares pessoais, introduzido pela lei 12.403/11 �� Constitui����o por meio de uma abordagem abstrata, debru��ando-se puramente sobre o texto introduzido pela referida norma, e de outra emp��rica, tendo-se como base uma pesquisa sobre pris��es em flagrantes ocorridas no munic��pio de S��o Paulo. O referencial para a an��lise da adequa����o ser�� os princ��pios constitucionais regentes das medidas cautelares pessoais, notadamente o da presun����o de inoc��ncia e da proporcionalidade.

Justi��a penal negociada: o processo penal pelas partes

O presente trabalho busca analisar a aplicabilidade da Justi��a Penal Negociada no ordenamento jur��dico brasileiro a partir do papel desempenhado pelas partes no processo penal. Nesse sentido, quanto ao Minist��rio P��blico, ser��o estudadas as fun����es exercidas pelos seus membros, bem como as principais caracter��sticas institucionais, a fim de se interpretar a natureza da sua atividade na promo����o da a����o penal p��blica, especialmente o dilema entre a possibilidade de atua����o discricion��ria ou a sua vincula����o �� obrigatoriedade. Em rela����o ao imputado, ser��o examinadas a possibilidade jur��dica de limita����o infraconstitucional aos seus direitos fundamentais e de ren��ncia ao exerc��cio das suas garantias processuais individuais. Por fim, a partir do atual panorama evolutivo dos acordos criminais existentes na nossa legisla����o, espera-se verificar se de fato h�� uma tend��ncia de fortalecimento do papel das partes e de desfocaliza����o da figura do juiz, passando para o Minist��rio P��blico a tarefa de regulador do processo penal, ao negociar com o imputado as repercuss��es penais de suas condutas.