Book review: "English for telecoms and information technology" by T. Ricca and M. Duckworth; "English for legal professionals" by A. Frost; "English for the pharmaceutical industry" by M. Buchler, K. Jaehnig, G. Matzig, and T. Weindler; "English for cabin crews" by S. Ellis and L. Lansford; and "English for negotiating" by C. Lafond, S. Vine, and B. Welch.

This review examines five books in the Oxford Business English Express Series, including "English for telecoms and information technology" by T. Ricca and M. Duckworth; "English for legal professionals" by A. Frost; "English for the pharmaceutical industry" by M. Buchler, K. Jaehnig, G. Matzig, and T. Weindler; "English for cabin crews" by S. Ellis and L. Lansford; and "English for negotiating" by C. Lafond, S. Vine, and B. Welch.

The representation of bodily pain in late nineteenth-century English culture

This book deals with bodily pain in the late Victorian period, considering the ways in which its understanding is shaped by medicine and theology.

The Oxford stamp, and other essays: articles from the educational creed of an American Oxonian,

Mode of access: Internet.

La traducción al latín de algunos términos griegos y su repercusión en los comentarios a los "Aphthonii Progymnasmata"

En este trabajo hemos examinado comentarios a la traducción al latín del ejercicio de la Fábula de los Progymnasmata de Aftonio para ver cómo afecta la traducción de algunos términos al comentario. Dado que, al traducir de una lengua a otra, difícilmente hay correspondencia exacta, el traductor opta por la solución que estima más adecuada, primando ciertos matices sobre otros y, con frecuencia, llega, incluso, a dotar al término de acepciones en la lengua meta que no existían en la lengua origen. La elección realizada no parece obedecer a otra razón que a preferencias del traductor, pero tiene consecuencias e influye en los comentaristas. Por otra parte, la existencia de un término acuñado no impide que tanto los traductores como los escoliastas creen otros nuevos, tal vez por deseo de mostrar originalidad. Finalmente, la traducción tiene una doble vertiente: de un lado, influye en el entendimiento del concepto y en el comentario, y, de otro, refleja la concepción que de la realidad tiene el traductor.

Queer

The word “queer” is a slippery one; its etymology is uncertain, and academic and popular usage attributes conflicting meanings to the word. By the mid-nineteenth century, “queer” was used as a pejorative term for a (male) homosexual. This negative connotation continues when it becomes a term for homophobic abuse. In recent years, “queer” has taken on additional uses: as an all encompassing term for culturally marginalised sexualities – gay, lesbian, trans, bi, and intersex (“GLBTI”) – and as a theoretical strategy which deconstructs binary oppositions that govern identity formation. Tracing its history, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the earliest references to “queer” may have appeared in the sixteenth century. These early examples of queer carried negative connotations such as “vulgar,” “bad,” “worthless,” “strange,” or “odd” and such associations continued until the mid-twentieth century. The early nineteenth century, and perhaps earlier, employed “queer” as a verb, meaning to “to put out of order,” “to spoil”, “to interfere with”. The adjectival form also began to emerge during this time to refer to a person’s condition as being “not normal,” “out of sorts” or to cause a person “to feel queer” meaning “to disconcert, perturb, unsettle.” According to Eve Sedgwick (1993), “the word ‘queer’ itself means across – it comes from the Indo-European root – twerkw, which also yields the German quer (traverse), Latin torquere (to twist), English athwart . . . it is relational and strange.” Despite the gaps in the lineage and changes in usage, meaning and grammatical form, “queer” as a political and theoretical strategy has benefited from its diverse origins. It refuses to settle comfortably into a single classification, preferring instead to traverse several categories that would otherwise attempt to stabilise notions of chromosomal sex, gender and sexuality.

The ACORN Standards : our aide memoire to professional practice

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a standard as “a required or agreed level of quality or attainment” or “principles of conduct informed by notions of honour and decency”. What does this mean for perioperative nurses? Standards provide minimum requirements for best practice and are regarded as generally accepted principles of patient care and perioperative management. In health care, standards provide a common language and set of expectations that enable health care professionals, systems and organisations to work together for best patient outcomes...

Lehen Hezkuntzako ingeleseko testuliburuak. Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan erabiltzen diren materialen analisia

[eus] Ikerketa honen bidez, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan erabiltzen diren Lehen Hezkuntzako lehenengo zikloko ingeleseko testuliburuak hizkuntzen ikaskuntzaren teoriei, Europako Erreferentzia Marko Bateratuari eta Curriculum dokumentuei egokitzen zaizkien baieztatu nahi izan da. Horretarako, aipatutako teorietan eta dokumentuetan oinarrituta, sei aldagai diseinatu eta, horiek erabiliz, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan erabiltzen diren sei testuliburu aztertu dira. Ikerketatik ondorioztatzen da aztertutako testuliburuak ez datozela bat legediaren ikuspegi komunikatiboarekin ezta atazetan oinarritutako ikaskuntzarekin ere. Hala ere, hizkuntzaren inputa testuinguruan ematen dute eta, Curriculumean eskatzen den bezala, aspektu kulturalak lantzen dituzte.

"Un homme sur deux est une femme" : intégrer le genre dans les manuels d’histoire de la civilisation occidentale au collégial : quelques propositions

L’histoire des femmes et l’histoire du genre se sont développées conjointement depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années. Pourtant, elles ne sont pas encore pleinement reconnues par les institutions universitaires, et encore moins par les institutions collégiales, les progrès historiographiques dans ces domaines étant exclus du cursus enseigné. Du moins, c’est ce que nous avons observé au niveau collégial au Québec, à la suite d’une évaluation de la trame narrative des manuels francophones et anglophones utilisés pour le cours Histoire de la civilisation occidentale. En effet, grâce à une analyse des chapitres couvrant la période moderne, soit de 1500 à 1800 environ, des manuels les plus utilisés pour l’enseignement de ce cours, nous avons pu établir que l’histoire des femmes et l’histoire du genre ne sont pas intégrées et qu’une différence existe entre la trame du manuel francophone et celle du manuel anglophone. Nous avons constaté que le seul cours d’histoire obligatoire au niveau collégial, qui tend à former des citoyens et des citoyennes éclairé(e)s ainsi qu’à transmettre une culture générale de base, exclut la moitié de la population de leurs enseignements. Aussi ce mémoire propose-t-il trois façons de remédier à cette situation.

El Outsourcing en la dinámica de sistemas hacia mercados extranjeros

Este trabajo recopila literatura académica relevante sobre estrategias de entrada y metodologías para la toma de decisión sobre la contratación de servicios de Outsourcing para el caso de empresas que planean expandirse hacia mercados extranjeros. La manera en que una empresa planifica su entrada a un mercado extranjero, y realiza la consideración y evaluación de información relevante y el diseño de la estrategia, determina el éxito o no de la misma. De otro lado, las metodologías consideradas se concentran en el nivel estratégico de la pirámide organizacional. Se parte de métodos simples para llegar a aquellos basados en la Teoría de Decisión Multicriterio, tanto individuales como híbridos. Finalmente, se presenta la Dinámica de Sistemas como herramienta valiosa en el proceso, por cuanto puede combinarse con métodos multicriterio.

Leitura e gêneros textuais em livros didáticos de língua inglesa do Ensino Médio

Esta pesquisa, apoiada em uma abordagem de gêneros textuais, teve como objetivo analisar a questão das atividades de compreensão escrita nos livros didáticos de Língua Inglesa do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, buscou verificar se as atividades de leitura procuram trabalhar o gênero de uma maneira comunicativa. Para isso, examinamos os gêneros, os tipos de atividades e os tipos de perguntas de compreensão escrita presentes em dois livros didáticos. Além disso, o presente estudo objetivou investigar em que medida as estratégias de leitura foram trabalhadas, explícita ou implicitamente, como um instrumento que facilita a construção de sentidos dos textos. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi a descrição focalizada (Larsen-Freeman e Long, 1991) que buscou selecionar dois livros didáticos constituídos em volume único, publicados em 2004 e trabalhados em escolas particulares na cidade de Belém. Este estudo fundamentou-se nos construtos teóricos sobre gênero textual (Bakhtin [1952-53] 2003; Swales, 1990,1992 e 1998; Marcuschi, 2002, 2003, 2004 e 2005; Ramos, 2004 e outros), sobre o ensino de leitura em língua inglesa (Dias, 2002, 2005; Grabe e Stoller, 2001, 2002; Koda, 2005 e outros) e sobre o livro didático de língua inglesa (Day e Park, 2005; Garinger, 2001; Souza, 1999 e outros). Além disso, retomamos as orientações relacionadas ao ensino de leitura em língua inglesa provenientes dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio para a Língua Estrangeira (PCNEM-LE, 2000, 2002 e 2004). Os resultados mostraram que os livros didáticos não favorecem as atividades para a construção de sentidos na compreensão escrita de uma forma comunicativa, além de não tomar os gêneros como objetos de ensino. A construção dos sentidos é de fato escamoteada pela tradução (ou cópia) de informações do texto. Os resultados da análise evidenciam, ainda, o uso implícito das estratégias de leitura, sem uma conscientização que favoreça a busca de informação de forma mais crítica e significativa para a aprendizagem do aluno. Esses resultados têm implicações pedagógicas, principalmente porque urge a criação de espaço no cenário educacional brasileiro para que se repense e se reflita sobre o uso do livro didático no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa como língua estrangeira.

Estudo semiótico sobre a verbovisualidade em manuais de língua inglesa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A glossary of terms used in Grecian, Roman, Italian, and Gothic architecture.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reckoning With Apartheid: The Conundrum of Working Through the Past, An Introduction

From April 26-29, 1994, South Africa held its first universal, democratic elections. Witnessed by the world, South Africans of all races waited patiently in line to cast their ballots, signaling the official and symbolic birth of the “new” South Africa. The subsequent years, marked initially with euphoric hopes for racial healing enabled by institutional processes such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), have instead, most recently, inspired deep concern about epidemic levels of HIV/AIDS, violent crime, state corruption, and unbridled market reforms directed at everything from property to bodies to babies. Now, seemingly beleaguered state officials deploy the mantra “TINA” (There Is No Alternative [to neoliberal development]) to fend off criticism of growing income and wealth disparities. To coincide, more or less, with the anniversary of 1994—less to commemorate than to signal something about the trajectory of the past twenty years—we are proposing an interdisciplinary, special theme section of Comparative Studies in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (CSSAAME) entitled “The Haunted Present: Reckoning After Apartheid” (tentative title). The special theme section is framed around questions of reckoning in the double sense of both a moral and practical accounting for historical injury alongside the challenges and failures of the no-longer “new” South Africa. Against accounts depicting the liberation era as non-violent and peaceable, more nuanced analysis we argue suggests not only that South Africa’s “revolution” was marked by both collective and individual violence—on the part of the state and the liberation movements—but that reckoning with the present demands of scholars, the media, and cultural commentators that they begin to grapple more fully with the dimensions and different figurations of South Africa’s violent colonial history. Indeed, violence and reckoning appear as two central forces in contemporary South African political, economic, and social life. In response, we are driven to pose the following questions: In the post-apartheid period, what forms of (individual, structural) violence have come to bear on South African life? How does this violence reckon with apartheid and its legacies? Does it in fact reckon with the past? How can we or should we think about violence as a response to the (failed?) reckoning of state initiatives like the TRC? What has enabled or enables aesthetic forms—literature, photography, plastic arts, and other modes of expressive culture—to respond to the difficulties of South Africa’s ongoing transition? What, in fact, would a practice or ethic of reckoning defined in the following way look like? ˈrekəniNG/ noun: • the action or process of calculating or estimating something: last year was not, by any reckoning, a particularly good one; the system of time reckoning in Babylon • a person’s view, opinion, or judgment: by ancient reckoning, bacteria are plants • archaic, a bill or account, or its settlement • the avenging or punishing of past mistakes or misdeeds: the fear of being brought to reckoning there will be a terrible reckoning (Oxford English Dictionary) Looking back on the period, just before 1994, is sobering indeed. At the time, many saw in the energies and courage of those fighting for liberation the possibilities of a post-racial, post-conflict society. Yet as much as the new was ushered in, old apartheid forms lingered. Recalling Nadine Gordimer’s invocation of Gramsci’s “morbid symptoms” more and more it seems “the old is dying and the new cannot be born” (Gramsci cited in Gordimer 1982). And even as the new began to emerge other forces—both internal and external to South Africa—redefined the conditions for transformation. The so-called “new” South Africa, as Jennifer Wenzel has argued, was really more than anything “the changing face of old oppressions” (Wenzel 2009:159). The implications for our special theme section of CSSAAME are many. We begin by exploring the gender, race, and class dimensions of contemporary South African life by way of its literatures, histories, and politics, its reversion to custom, the claims of ancestors on the living, in brief, the various cultural expressive modes in which contemporary South Africa reckons with its past and in so doing accounts, day by day, for the ways in which the present can be lived, pragmatically. This moves us some distance from the exercise in “truth and reconciliation” of the earlier post-transition years to consider more fully the nature of post-conflict, the suturing of old enmities in the present, and the ways of resolving those lingering suspicions both ordinary and the stuff of the dark night of the soul (Nelson 2009:xv).