Validez de constructo de tres escalas de satisfacción del paciente mediante la estrategia de matrices multirrasgo-multimétodo

Se emplea el diseño de las matrices multirrasgo-multimétodo (MTMM) en la evaluación de la satisfacción del paciente. La muestra, extraída al azar simple, fue de 254 pacientes ingresados en tres hospitales del Servei Valencià de Salut de la provincia de Alicante, mayores de 16 años, conscientes y orientados. Los instrumentos de medida fueron tres escalas de satisfacción, dos de carácter general y una específica con los cuidados de enfermería, todas autoinformes. Los rasgos evaluados fueron varias dimensiones de satisfacción, y los métodos tres tipos de formulación de items y escalas de respuesta. Se ha empleado el análisis factorial confirmatorio, siguiéndose la estrategia de constrastar varios modelos alternativos (Widaman, 1985; Marsh, 1989). Los resulta dos indican que: la varianza de método es elevada, superior a la de rasgos; existe validez convergente; los rasgos están altamente correlacionados, pero hay evidencia de validez discriminante; dos métodos están altamente correlacionados; y no se ha podido estimar el modelo general de matrices MTMM.

Análisis multirrasgo-multimétodo en la validación de instrumentos para la evaluación de la calidad docente en instituciones universitarias.

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio que tiene como objetivo establecer modelos de acción docente eficaz en el nivel universitario. Utiliza técnicas multirrasgo-multimétodo para la evaluación del docente a partir de los cuestionarios realizados a estudiantes, profesores y directores..

Evaluación de la satisfacción del paciente hospitalizado: empleo de una matriz multirrasgo-multimétodo reducida

En esta investigación sobre la satisfacción del paciente con la hospitalización y los cuidados de enfermería se hace uso de la estrategia "matriz multirrasgo-multimétodo". Los sujetos (n=116) fueron personas ingresadas en los hospitales del Servicio Valenciano de Salud de Alicante y Elche. Se midieron dos rasgos: satisfacción con los cuidados de enfermería y satisfacción con la hospitalización. Los métodos fueron: escalas con formato de respuesta "acuerdo-desacuerdo" con clave positiva (AD+), escalas con formato de respuesta "acuerdo-desacuerdo" con clave negativa (AD-), y escalas con formato de respuesta "excelente-malo" (EM). Los tres métodos se manifiestan casi con la misma cantidad de varianza, el método con formato EM aporta mayor fiabilidad, y la covariación entre el formato con clave positiva (AD+) y el formato EM es mayor que cualquier otra combinación.

Una aproximación empírica al estudio del constructo competencia docente del profesor universitario.

Presentar instrumentos para el estudio del constructo competencia docente del profesorado universitario analizando las dimensiones más valiosas de la acción docente. 4109 alumnos-as y 49 profesores-as del Centro Universitario Francisco de Vitoria, asociado a la Universidad Complutense, durante el curso 1994-1995. Se presentan las características del modelo de evaluación institucional aplicado a la muestra y se describen los instrumentos empleados para el estudio del constructo competencia docente del profesorado universitario: Cuestionario de Evaluación Docente (CEDA) y Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Docente (CAD). Se presenta la estructura del CEDA, constituido por seis subescalas en las que se valora la asignatura, la planificación del curso y de la clase, las habilidades didácticas y motivacionales, el modelo evaluativo y el grado de eficacia docente global del profesorado. El CAD está constituido por cinco subescalas en las que se analiza la autoevaluación docente y el nivel de satisfacción con el proyecto del centro, con los medios y recursos disponibles, con el clima y las relaciones interpersonales en el centro y con cada grupo de alumnos. Se realiza un análisis factorial confirmatorio de la estructura del CEDA y un análisis de estructuras de covarianza (modelos estructurales y de medida). A través de análisis de correlación y factores multirrasgo-multimétodo se estudia la validez convergente y discriminante de los instrumentos empleados. Cuestionario de Evaluación Docente por el Alumno (CEDA), Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Docente (CAD). T de Student, porcentajes. Se observa que los instrumentos que valoran la competencia docente del profesorado universitario hacen hincapié en el dominio de la asignatura, los aspectos didáctico-técnicos, la comunicación con el alumnado y los aspectos personales-motivacionales. Se señala que todos estos factores están presentes en el CEDA, afirmando que éste es un instrumento adecuado para la evaluación de la docencia en las aulas y la estimación de indicadores relacionados con ella y el más indicado para la medición del constructo objeto de estudio. Se recomienda complementar el estudio teórico de la competencia docente empleando el análisis discriminante para detectar qué rasgos caracterizan al profesor competente y al no competente. Se precisa la realización de investigaciones sobre las causas de las diferencias entre las valoraciones de los estudiantes.

Los profesores piensan diferente : efectos del método en la evaluación de la inteligencia socio-emocional de alumnos de altas habilidades.

Monográfico con el título: 'Inteligencia emocional y alta habilidad'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

The Basic Reproduction Number Obtained From Jacobian And Next Generation Matrices - A Case Study Of Dengue Transmission Modelling.

The basic reproduction number is a key parameter in mathematical modelling of transmissible diseases. From the stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium, by applying Routh-Hurwitz criteria, a threshold is obtained, which is called the basic reproduction number. However, the application of spectral radius theory on the next generation matrix provides a different expression for the basic reproduction number, that is, the square root of the previously found formula. If the spectral radius of the next generation matrix is defined as the geometric mean of partial reproduction numbers, however the product of these partial numbers is the basic reproduction number, then both methods provide the same expression. In order to show this statement, dengue transmission modelling incorporating or not the transovarian transmission is considered as a case study. Also tuberculosis transmission and sexually transmitted infection modellings are taken as further examples.

Cidadania e educação física : matrizes históricas e políticas, contradições e perspectivas = Citizenship and physical education : historical and political matrices, perspectives and contradictions

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Porcine skin as a source of biodegradable matrices: alkaline treatment and glutaraldehyde crosslinking

In this work, the modifications promoted by alkaline hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking on type I collagen found in porcine skin have been studied. Collagen matrices were obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of porcine skin, with subsequent GA crosslinking in different concentrations and reaction times. The elastin content determination showed that independent of the treatment, elastin was present in the matrices. Results obtained from in vitro trypsin degradation indicated that with the increase of GA concentration and reaction time, the degradation rate decreased. From thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis it can be observed that the collagen in the matrices becomes more resistant to thermal degradation as a consequence of the increasing crosslink degree. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that after the GA crosslinking, collagen fibers become more organized and well-defined. Therefore, the preparations of porcine skin matrices with different degradation rates, which can be used in soft tissue reconstruction, are viable.

Direct Computation of Operational Matrices for Polynomial Bases

Several numerical methods for boundary value problems use integral and differential operational matrices, expressed in polynomial bases in a Hilbert space of functions. This work presents a sequence of matrix operations allowing a direct computation of operational matrices for polynomial bases, orthogonal or not, starting with any previously known reference matrix. Furthermore, it shows how to obtain the reference matrix for a chosen polynomial base. The results presented here can be applied not only for integration and differentiation, but also for any linear operation.

Disordered ensembles of random matrices

It is shown that the families of generalized matrix ensembles recently considered which give rise to an orthogonal invariant stable Levy ensemble can be generated by the simple procedure of dividing Gaussian matrices by a random variable. The nonergodicity of this kind of disordered ensembles is investigated. It is shown that the same procedure applied to random graphs gives rise to a family that interpolates between the Erdos-Renyi and the scale free models.

INFERENCE FOR EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS OF GAUSSIAN SYMMETRIC MATRICES

This article presents maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) tests for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Gaussian random symmetric matrices of arbitrary dimension, where the observations are independent repeated samples from one or two populations. These inference problems are relevant in the analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data and polarized cosmic background radiation data, where the observations are, respectively, 3 x 3 and 2 x 2 symmetric positive definite matrices. The parameter sets involved in the inference problems for eigenvalues and eigenvectors are subsets of Euclidean space that are either affine subspaces, embedded submanifolds that are invariant under orthogonal transformations or polyhedral convex cones. We show that for a class of sets that includes the ones considered in this paper, the MLEs of the mean parameter do not depend on the covariance parameters if and only if the covariance structure is orthogonally invariant. Closed-form expressions for the MLEs and the associated LLRs are derived for this covariance structure.

Protein-polysaccharide viscoelastic matrices: synergic effects of amylose on lysozyme physical gelation in aqueous dimethylsulfoxide

A synergic effect of amylose on rheological characteristics of lysozyme physical gels evolved out of dimethylsulfoxide-water was verified and analyzed. The dynamics of the gels were experimentally approached by oscillatory rheology. The synergic effect was characterized by a decrease in the threshold DMSO volume fraction required for lysozyme gelation, and by a significant strengthening of the gel structure at over-critical solvent and protein concentrations. Drastic changes in the relaxation and creep curve patterns for systems in the presence of amylose were verified. Complex viscosity dependence on temperature was found to conform to an Arrhenius-like equation, allowing the determination of an activation energy term (Ea, apparent) for discrimination of gel rigidity. A dilatant effect was found to be induced by temperature on the flow behavior of lysozyme dispersions in DMSO-H(2)O in sub-critical conditions for gelation, which was greatly intensified by the presence of amylose in the samples. That transition was interpreted as reflecting a change from a predominant colloidal flow regime, where globular components are the prevailing structural elements, to a mainly fibrillar, polymeric flow behavior.

Morphological and mechanical properties of hybrid matrices of polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol prepared by sol-gel technique and their potential for immobilizing enzyme

Hybrid matrices of polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (POS-PVA) were prepared by sol-gel technique using different concentrations of the organic component (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) in the synthesis medium. The goal was to prepare carriers for immobilizing enzyme by taking into consideration properties as hardness, mean pore diameter, specific surface area and pore size distribution. The matrices were activated with sodium metaperiodate to render functional groups for binding the lipase from Candida rugosa, used here as a study model. Results showed that low proportion of PVA gave POS-PVA with low surface area and pore volume, although with higher hardness. The chemical activation decreased the pore volume and increased the pore size with a decrease on the surface area of about 60-75%. The matrices for enzyme immobilization were chosen considering the best combination of high surface area and hardness. Thus, the POS-PVA prepared with 5.56 x 10(-5) M of PVA with a surface area of 123 m(2)/g and hardness of 71 HV (50 gf 30 s) was shown to be suitable to immobilize the lipase, with an immobilization yield of about 40%. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the catalytic properties of Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on non-commercial matrices to be used in biodiesel synthesis from different feedstocks

The objective of this work was to produce an immobilized form of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (lipase PS) with advantageous catalytic properties and stability to be used in the ethanolysis of different feedstocks, mainly babassu oil and tallow beef. For this purpose lipase PS was immobilized on two different non-commercial matrices, such as inorganic matrix (niobium oxide, Nb(2)O(5)) and a hybrid matrix (polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol, SiO(2)-PVA) by covalent binding. The properties of free and immobilized enzymes were searched and compared. The best performance regarding all the analyzed parameters (biochemical properties, kinetic constants and thermal stability) were obtained when the lipase was immobilized on SiO(2)-PVA. The superiority of this immobilized system was also confirmed in the transe-sterification of both feedstocks, attained higher yields and productivities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bio-Dis and the Paddle Dissolution Apparatuses Applied to the Release Characterization of Ketoprofen from Hypromellose Matrices

The purposes of this work were: (1) to comparatively evaluate the effects of hypromellose viscosity grade and content on ketoprofen release from matrix tablets, using Bio-Dis and the paddle apparatuses, (2) to investigate the influence of the pH of the dissolution medium on drug release. Furthermore, since direct compression had not shown to be appropriate to obtain the matrices under study, it was also an objective (3) to evaluate the impact of granulation on drug release process. Six formulations of ketoprofen matrix tablets were obtained by compression, with or without previous granulation, varying the content and viscosity grade of hypromellose. Dissolution tests were carried out at a fixed pH, in each experiment, with the paddle method (pH 4.5, 6.0, 6.8, or 7.2), while a pH gradient was used in Bio-Dis (pH 1.2 to 7.2). The higher the hypromellose viscosity grade and content were, the lower the amount of ketoprofen released was in both apparatuses, the content effect being more expressive. Drug dissolution enhanced with the increase of the pH of the medium due to its pH-dependent solubility. Granulation caused an increase in drug dissolution and modified the mechanism of the release process.