Advances in instructional technology /

Mode of access: Internet.

A reference architecture for instructional educational software

Our extensive research has indicated that high-school teachers are reluctant to make use of existing instructional educational software (Pollard, 2005). Even software developed in a partnership between a teacher and a software engineer is unlikely to be adopted by teachers outside the partnership (Pollard, 2005). In this paper we address these issues directly by adopting a reusable architectural design for instructional educational software which allows easy customisation of software to meet the specific needs of individual teachers. By doing this we will facilitate more teachers regularly using instructional technology within their classrooms. Our domain-specific software architecture, Interface-Activities-Model, was designed specifically to facilitate individual customisation by redefining and restructuring what constitutes an object so that they can be readily reused or extended as required. The key to this architecture is the way in which the software is broken into small generic encapsulated components with minimal domain specific behaviour. The domain specific behaviour is decoupled from the interface and encapsulated in objects which relate to the instructional material through tasks and activities. The domain model is also broken into two distinct models - Application State Model and Domainspecific Data Model. This decoupling and distribution of control gives the software designer enormous flexibility in modifying components without affecting other sections of the design. This paper sets the context of this architecture, describes it in detail, and applies it to an actual application developed to teach high-school mathematical concepts.

Changements et évolution des universités conventionnelles sous l’influence des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC): le cas du contexte universitaire nord-américain

Cette recherche part du constat de l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies qui se généralise dans l’enseignement universitaire (tant sur campus qu’en enseignement à distance), et traite cette question sous trois aspects institutionnel, pédagogique et technologique. La recherche a été menée à travers quinze universités canadiennes où nous avons interrogé vingt-quatre universitaires, nommément des responsables de centres de pédagogie universitaire et des experts sur la question de l’intégration des technologies à l’enseignement universitaire. Pour le volet institutionnel, nous avons eu recours à un cadre théorique qui met en relief le changement de structure et de fonctionnement des universités à l’ère d’Internet, suivant le modèle théorique de l’Open System Communications Net de Kershaw et Safford (1998, 2001). Les résultats, à l’aune de ce modèle, confirment que les universités conventionnelles sont dans une phase de transformation due à l’utilisation des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC). De plus, les cours hybrides, la bimodalité, des universités entièrement à distance visant une clientèle estudiantine au-delà des frontières régionales et nationales, des universités associant plusieurs modèles, des universités fonctionnant à base d’intelligence artificielle, sont les modèles principaux qui ont la forte possibilité de s’imposer dans le paysage universitaire nord-américain au cours des prochaines décennies. Enfin, à la lumière du modèle théorique, nous avons exploré le rôle de l’université, ainsi en transformation, au sein de la société tout comme les rapports éventuels entre les institutions universitaires. S’agissant de l’aspect pédagogique, nous avons utilisé une perspective théorique fondée sur le modèle du Community of Inquiry (CoI) de Garrison, Anderson et Archer (2000), revu par Vaughan et Garrison (2005) et Garrison et Arbaugh (2007) qui prône notamment une nouvelle culture de travail à l’université fondée sur trois niveaux de présence. Les résultats indiquent l’importance d’éléments relatifs à la présence d’enseignement, à la présence cognitive et à la présence sociale, comme le suggère le modèle. Cependant, la récurrence -dans les trois niveaux de présence- de certains indicateurs, suggérés par les répondants, tels que l’échange d’information, la discussion et la collaboration, nous ont amenés à conclure à la non-étanchéité du modèle du CoI. De plus, certaines catégories, de par leur fréquence d’apparition dans les propos des interviewés, mériteraient d’avoir une considération plus grande dans les exigences pédagogiques que requiert le nouveau contexte prévalant dans les universités conventionnelles. C’est le cas par exemple de la catégorie « cohésion de groupe ». Enfin, dans le troisième volet de la recherche relatif à la dimension technologique, nous nous sommes inspirés du modèle théorique d’Olapiriyakul et Scher (2006) qui postule que l’infrastructure dans l’enseignement doit être à la fois une technologie pédagogique et une technologie d’apprentissage pour les étudiants (instructional technology and student learning technology). Partant de cette approche, le volet technologique de notre recherche a consisté à identifier les fonctionnalités exigées de la technologie pour induire une évolution institutionnelle et pédagogique. Les résultats à cet égard ont indiqué que les raisons pour lesquelles les universités choisissent d’intégrer les TIC à l’enseignement ne sont pas toujours d’ordre pédagogique, ce qui explique que la technologie elle-même ne revête pas forcément les qualités a priori requises pour une évolution pédagogique et institutionnelle. De ce constat, les technologies appropriées pour une réelle évolution pédagogique et institutionnelle des universités ont été identifiées.

EdTech Innovator Chase: Rewarding Faculty Innovation through badges

Each semester we celebrate our college EdTech Innovators– everyone who’s using technology to explore new pedagogical approaches. We applaud early adopters for developing best practices, because maybe they’re doing something nobody else has. Those who innovate in the most EdTech areas and (most importantly!) help their colleagues level up, compete for the epic win. The EdTech Innovator Chase, a gamified activity (digital badges) was created to showcase faculty innovations in teaching practices.

This is your brain on the iPad

The proliferative usage of multimedia tools in the classroom reflects an increasingly technocratic education system. Technology provides educators with new opportunities to reach students in innovative ways. We describe the use of iPads and several proprietary applications in a General Psychology course as one opportunity to improve student learning outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative evidence will be provided of the pre- and post-tests, which both show positive significant outcomes.

Using Clickers to Teach Biology-Based Material in a Developmental Psychology Class

This talk will describe a study designed to assess if clicker technology during a lesson can improve learning relative to traditional lecture alone. A control group was exposed to the stages of prenatal development via traditional lecture, and an experimental group was exposed to the material via an exercise that used clickers. A pretest showed no difference before the intervention. A posttest showed that the clicker group had significant gains indicating clickers may facilitate learning of science-based material.

Application of Narrative Pedagogy to Promote Excellence in the Clinical Setting

The clinical setting has become increasingly complex in recent years. Nurse educators have recognized the limitations of traditional pedagogies in the clinical setting. The need for innovative, student-centered learning is essential in order to transfer knowledge to practical situations and discover new ways of thinking about clinical situations. Narrative pedagogy which emphasizes how students learn and experience learning is an effective evidence-based approach to clinical education.

Redefining the Academic Library Managing the Migration to Digital Information Services

Academic libraries are faced with a daunting series of challenges brought on by the digital revolution. In an era when millions of books, articles, images, and videos available instantaneously via the web, libraries across all institutional types are experiencing declining demand for their traditional services, built around the storage and dissemination of physical resources. At the same time, new demand for digital information services and collaborative learning spaces promise new areas of opportunity and engagement with patrons. A rapid and orderly transition to “the library of the future” requires difficult trade-offs, however, as no institution can afford to continue expanding both its commitment to comprehensive, local print collections as well as new investments in staff, technology, and renovations. This report illustrates how progressive academic libraries are evolving in response to these challenges, providing case studies and best practices in managing library space, staff, and resources.

Student and Faculty Perceptions of Technology’s Usefulness in Community College General Education Courses

Educational institutions of all levels invest large amounts of time and resources into instructional technology, with the goal of enhancing the educational effectiveness of the learning environment. The decisions made by instructors and institutions regarding the implementation of technology are guided by perceptions of usefulness held by those who are in control. The primary objective of this mixed methods study was to examine the student and faculty perceptions of technology being used in general education courses at a community college. This study builds upon and challenges the assertions of writers such as Prensky (2001a, 2001b) and Tapscott (1998) who claim that a vast difference in technology perception exists between generational groups, resulting in a diminished usefulness of technology in instruction. In this study, data were gathered through student surveys and interviews, and through faculty surveys and interviews. Analysis of the data used Kendall’s Tau test for correlation between various student and faculty variables in various groupings, and also typological analysis of the transcribed interview data. The analysis of the quantitative data revealed no relationship between age and perception of technology’s usefulness. A positive relationship was found to exist between the perception of the frequency of technology use and the perception of technology’s effectiveness, suggesting that both faculty members and students believed that the more technology is used, the more useful it is in instruction. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed that both faculty and students perceive technology to be useful, and that the most significant barriers to technology’s usefulness include faulty hardware and software systems,lack of user support, and lack of training for faculty. The results of the study suggest that the differences in perception of technology between generations that are proposed by Prensky may not exist when comparing adults from the younger generation with adults from the older generation. Further, the study suggests that institutions continue to invest in instructional technology, with a focus on high levels of support and training for faculty, and more universal availability of specific technologies, including web access, in class video, and presentation software. Adviser: Ronald Joekel

Extreme Creativity

Bucknell University's instructional technology division of Library and IT partnered with Professor Carmen Gillespie for an innovative course called "Extreme Creativity".

New Trends in Networking, Computing, E-learning, Systems Sciences, and Engineering

This book provides the latest in a series of books growing out of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information and Systems Sciences and Engineering. It includes chapters in the most advanced areas of Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences and Engineering. It has accessible to a wide range of readership, including professors, researchers, practitioners and students. This book includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Computer Science, Informatics, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering. It includes selected papers form the conference proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE 2013). Coverage includes topics in: Industrial Electronics, Technology & Automation, Telecommunications and Networking, Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering, Engineering Education, Instructional Technology, Assessment, and E-learning.

ESL teacher profiles of ICT integration in their classroom practices and assessment activities : a portrait viewed through the lens of some Quebec teachers’ social representations

Abstract : Information and communication technologies (ICTs, henceforth) have become ubiquitous in our society. The plethora of devices competing with the computer, from iPads to the Interactive whiteboard, just to name a few, has provided teachers and students alike with the ability to communicate and access information with unprecedented accessibility and speed. It is only logical that schools reflect these changes given that their purpose is to prepare students for the future. Surprisingly enough, research indicates that ICT integration into teaching activities is still marginal. Many elementary and secondary schoolteachers are not making effective use of ICTs in their teaching activities as well as in their assessment practices. The purpose of the current study is a) to describe Quebec ESL teachers’ profiles of using ICTs in their daily teaching activities; b) to describe teachers’ ICT integration and assessment practices; and c) to describe teachers’ social representations regarding the utility and relevance of ICT use in their daily teaching activities and assessment practices. In order to attain our objectives, we based our theoretical framework, principally, on the social representations (SR, henceforth) theory and we defined most related constructs which were deemed fundamental to the current thesis. We also collected data from 28 ESL elementary and secondary school teachers working in public and private sectors. The interview guide used to that end included a range of items to elicit teachers’ SR in terms of ICT daily use in teaching activities as well as in assessment practices. In addition, we carried out our data analyses from a textual statistics perspective, a particular mode of content analysis, in order to extract the indicators underlying teachers’ representations of the teachers. The findings suggest that although almost all participants use a wide range of ICT tools in their practices, ICT implementation is seemingly not exploited to its fullest potential and, correspondingly, is likely to produce limited effects on students’ learning. Moreover, none of the interviewees claim that they use ICTs in their assessment practices and they still hold to the traditional paper-based assessment (PBA, henceforth) approach of assessing students’ learning. Teachers’ common discourse reveals a gap between the positive standpoint with regards to ICT integration, on the one hand, and the actual uses of instructional technology, on the other. These results are useful for better understanding the way ESL teachers in Quebec currently view their use of ICTs, particularly for evaluation purposes. In fact, they provide a starting place for reconsidering the implementation of ICTs in elementary and secondary schools. They may also be useful to open up avenues for the development of a future research program in this regard.

Promoting Metacognitive Skills in a CSCL environment: implications for instructional and technology design

This paper aims to better understand the development of students’ learning processes when participating actively in a specific Computer Supported Collaborative Learning system called KnowCat. To this end, a longitudinal case study was designed, in which eighteen university students took part in a 12-month (two semesters) learning project. During this time period, the students followed an instructional process, using some elements of KnowCat (KnowCat key features) design to support and improve their interaction processes, especially peer learning processes. Our research involved both supervising the students’ collaborative learning processes throughout the learning project and focusing our analysis on the qualitative evolution of the students’ interaction processes and on the development of metacognitive learning processes. The results of the current research reveal that the instructional application of the CSCL-KnowCat system may favour and improve the development of the students’ metacognitive learning processes. Additionally, the implications of the design of computer supported collaborative learning networks and pedagogical issues are discussed in this paper.

Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education.

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A survey of music educator's understanding and use of advanced audio technology in their instructional methods and strategies

This study examines the correlation between how certified music educators understand audio technology and how they incorporate it in their instructional methods. Participants were classroom music teachers selected from fifty middle schools in Miami- Dade Public Schools. The study adopted a non-experimental research design in which a survey was the primary tool of investigation. The findings reveal that a majority of middle school music teachers in Miami-Dade are not familiar with advanced audiorecording software or any other digital device dedicated to the recording and processing of audio signals. Moreover, they report a lack of opportunities to develop this knowledge. Younger music teachers, however, are more open to developing up-to-date instructional methodologies. Most of the participants agreed that music instruction should be a platform for preparing students for a future in the entertainment industry. A basic knowledge of music business should be delivered to students enrolled in middle-school music courses.